Стратегії та Перекладацькі Трансформації Суспільно-Політичних Реалій з Англійської Мови Українською

Abstract

The article examines the issue of translating socio-political realia from English into Ukrainian within the framework of contemporary journalistic media discourse. Such units are identified as carriers of culture-specific information that reflect national identity, the socio-political structure, and the historical experience of a given society. They perform not only nominative but also expressive, pragmatic, and evaluative functions, which significantly complicates their reproduction in another linguistic environment. The translation of realia requires consideration of both semantic accuracy and cultural relevance, as well as pragmatic adequacy, which presupposes the integration of linguistic and cultural competence on the part of the translator. The article systematizes the main translation transformations of socio-political realia, including transcription, calquing, descriptive translation, lexical substitution, and adaptation. Their functional purpose in rendering culturally marked units is clarified, and it is demonstrated that the choice of a strategy is determined not only by the structural features of a given term but also by its contextual use, pragmatic orientation, and level of cultural markedness. It is argued that the translation of socio-political realia is most often implemented through a combined approach, where the integration of several transformations makes it possible to achieve a balance between accuracy, clarity, and communicative efficiency. The findings demonstrate that the effectiveness of translating socio-political realia depends on the ability to preserve both the semantic content and the pragmatic potential of the original text while ensuring accessibility for the target audience. This approach contributes not only to the optimization of cross-cultural communication but also to the adequate reproduction of political and social phenomena in the translated media space. The article emphasizes the importance of a systematic approach to analyzing translation transformations, which makes it possible to reveal regularities in transformations and to formulate practical recommendations for the training of professionals in the field of translation. Special attention is paid to the methodology of teaching the translation of socio-political realia in higher education, since mastering the relevant transformations is a key factor in developing the professional competence of future translators.