ПЕРЕДУМОВИ ПОЯВИ ФЕМІНІСТИЧНИХ РУХІВ ТА ЧОТИРИ ХВИЛІ ФЕМІНІЗМУ

Анотація

The article describes the historical context and development of the feminist movement, starting with women's struggle for equal rights in society, politics and economics in chronological order. It analyzes how the first feminists achieved significant changes, including the right to education and property. Internal splits due to different approaches to achieving equality are taken into account.

The priorities of second-wave feminism in the twentieth century, when the emphasis shifted to social equality and personal freedoms for women, while continuing to fight for political, economic, and reproductive rights, are identified. The period of the second wave is emphasized by the interconnectedness of social and political life, namely, the problems faced by women in everyday life and at work are systemic in nature.

The features of the third wave feminist movement and its main goals are considered. The focus of the movement on more localized problems faced by women in everyday life and career development is emphasized. The characteristic features of third-wave feminism, the emergence of new issues in the feminist narrative (masculinity, femininity and androgyny as behavioral norms of men and women) are identified.

Attention is focused on the transformation of the feminist movement and its shift to the field of Internet activism with a high level of communication and social mobilization to draw attention to the problems. The factors of the transition to the fourth wave of feminism and its features are identified.  In particular, the author mentions the use of information technology, which gave rise to such phenomena as social networks, blogs, and hashtags. Within the framework of the fourth wave, the author describes the pluralism of meanings of this movement for different groups of society.