The Journal of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Issues of Political Science

ENGINEERING OF VALUE MEANINGS IN THE INFORMATION AGE

Tetiana Komarova — Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The problem of political engineering in the information age is considered. It is determined that political engineering is a system of management techniques and technologies, which in strategic and tactical terms is aimed at creative and effective social design and construction. Effective political engineering is a condition for overcoming destructive phenomena, the most important of which is the excessive growth of the phenomenon of randomness in political development. The article is devoted to the specifics of the explication of the concept of value (axiological) meanings in the information age. The content of axiological guidelines, which are a priority for political adaptation of both society and the political regime, is analyzed. The negativism of the tendency to prioritize technology over axiology in the spiritual and practical mastery of the world by man is noted. The challenges of modernity reflect on the understanding of democracy: procedural aspects prevail over substantive ones. The aggravation of contradictions in the orbit of such more important axiological meanings as stability, democracy, and freedom is logical.

Political engineering with national interests in mind involves technological sovereignty. Such engineering is a condition for political stability and a source of opportunities for prosperity. It is emphasized that the important risks of the information age are due to the use of axiological meanings of political entertainment, carnivalization and glamorization of the political space. The author identifies ways to overcome negative trends. These include: individual experience; stimulation of activity; strengthening of rational guidelines for the formation of a political position; the government's interest in an informed citizen and in increasing his role as a participant in the political process; harmonious correlation of humanity's desire for high technologies with the tasks of implementing axiological meanings that will stand in the way of replacing the Cartesian principle «I think, therefore, I exist» with «I consume, therefore, I exist». The author uses the typology of parameters and strategies of political adaptation to characterize the phenomenon of political engineering.

MECHANISMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF POLITICAL DIALOGUE IN CRISIS CONDITIONS

Anastasiia Denysiuk — Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The problem of building a political dialogue in the conditions of a political crisis is considered. The concepts of «dialogue», «political dialogue», and «compromise» are analyzed. Attention is focused on the problem of building a dialogue between states during the war. The attributes of political dialogue that allow creating a platform for mutual understanding are highlighted. These are: the presence of two or more participants with their characteristics and differences; mutual exchange of information, subject to the opportunity to speak; readiness to understand the point of view of the other party; development of a common language, dialogue conditions, or other features; the presence of a third party as a guarantor of compliance with international law and approval of the agreements reached. The informational and psychological aspect of the political crisis is analyzed. The informational and psychological aspect of the political crisis is analyzed. The importance of preparing citizens for political dialogue is determined.

Cause-and-effect relationships between the use of information and communication technologies and the effectiveness of political dialogue between participants in a political conflict at the interstate level have been revealed. The main components of informational and psychological warfare, which must be taken into account in order to build a political dialogue, are highlighted.

The information and communication technologies used by the Russian Federation in the war against Ukraine are analyzed. Factors that may become the basis of civilized interaction in the future are considered. Effective mechanisms of political dialogue are defined.

FULL-SCALE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR IN THE CONTEXT OF WORLD-SYSTEM ANALYSIS

Oleksii Batalov — Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The meaning and role of a full-scale Russian-Ukrainian War of 2022–? years through the prism of theoretical provisions of world-system analysis are investigated. The main theoretical provisions of the world-system analysis regarding the dynamics of the change of hegemon states in the core of the world-economy are considered. According to the world-system theory, the trends unfolding in the modern world are analyzed and correspond to the period before the beginning of the «final crisis» of the current hegemony.

The following changes in the modern world as a result of the Russian-Ukrainian War are highlighted: systematic violation of the world «rules of the game» established as a result of the Second World War and the «cold» war; demonstration of the inability of the United States to perform the functions of a world hegemon; compromising the activities of multilateral organizations created after 1945; increasing the level of danger in the world.

Full-scale Russian-Ukrainian War of 2022–? years is defined as an event signifying the early start of the entry of the world-economy into the «final crisis» of the current hegemony. This war, by historical analogy (among the wars that in the past preceded the active phase of the struggle for hegemony), most of all resembles the Japanese-Chinese War of 1937–1945.

Based on the analysis of the current war, a number of features of the upcoming «World Thirty Years' War» are predicted, the key of which is that the methods of warfare are likely to be similar to those of the First and Second World Wars – this is a clash of large land armies, indiscriminate attacks on cities, etc. It has been determined that the Thirty Years' World War can take place in two formats: «hybrid» (there is no direct military clash between «centres of power», but there are numerous wars on the territory of «peripheral» countries) and «full-scale» (which, with a high probability, may eventually lead to the use of nuclear weapons).

INTERNAL POLITICAL DIALOGUE IN A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY

Valery Kononenko — Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The category «internal political dialogue» is considered, which should be understood as a political and psychological decision-making process by coordinating positions between the authorities and civil society on complex problems of domestic problems and ensuring the process of their implementation. It was found that the main conditions of the dialogue are the real desire of the authorities to take into account the opinion of the public and the public's trust in the authorities when making decisions, or a mutual desire to restore such trust.

It is noted that, on the one hand, peaceful political dialogue is an expression of democracy, and on the other hand, it is a guarantor of its preservation. In many cases, public institutions do not function properly because they are compromised by political bias, corruption and inefficiency. The role of political dialogue in such contexts is to strengthen the legitimacy of institutions by building consensus and trust in their proper functioning. In addition, it is the internal dialogue that can contribute to the establishment/restoration of legitimacy and its strengthening.

It was revealed that there are problems standing in the way of effective internal political dialogue in Ukraine: ineffective fight against corruption and reform of the law enforcement and judicial system; instability of the legislative framework; instability of financial and banking systems, lack of balance between security and transparency of the work of the Verkhovna Rada.

THEORETICAL ORIGINS OF THE CAMBRIDGE SCHOOL OF POLITICAL THOUGHT

Oleg Gaiko — Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The theoretical prerequisites for the emergence of the Cambridge school of political thought are considered. The specific features of research into the history of political thought during the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries are traced, problematic points and shortcomings are highlighted. The reasons for the imperfection of the approach to the study of the history of political thought, which was developed by jurists of the 19th century, were analyzed, in addition, the problem of the impact of the ideological commitment of researchers on the objective understanding of the history of the development of political thought was highlighted. It is shown that the Cambridge school of political thought was focused on the development of a new methodology for researching the history of political thought. It is argued that the formation of the Cambridge school of political thought was influenced by the British analytical philosophy of language. Seen as an attempt to turn the history of political thought into a more reasoned and precise discipline with the help of the approaches used by the analytical philosophy of language. The influence of quite innovative works of British historians Peter Laslett and Robin Collingwood on representatives of the Cambridge school of political thought is analyzed. It is shown that the main idea of the methodology of the Cambridge school of political thought - the study of the historical context of ideas was formed under the influence of the works of Robin Collingwood.

USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR POLITICAL SCIENCE RESEARCH

Oleksandr Chornenkyi — Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The article shows a perspective using information and communication technologies for the amplification of the political processes research methodology. It considered the evolving of research with computational techniques using, complications and a variety of possible approaches.

It gives information about using simulation modeling, especially the autonomous adaptive agent method for the research related to the course of political events prognostication. It shows the possibilities of computer modeling for the analysis of complex dynamic systems in which decision-making at the micro level changes the system as a whole. In the article are noted the advantages and disadvantages of simulation modeling for political science research.

It is stressed that the internet and social network development is important for modern scientists and gives examples of using social networks as a field and tool for political science analysis. It is noted that the use of such an approach can be an important addition to classical methods. It describes in short the possibilities of «Big Data analysis» for political science and stressed the advantages of the method for research conducting.

The text provides information about the «text as data» method for automatically mining and analytical processing of large-scale textual information. It gives an example of the “text as data” used and is noted that the proposed method is useful for comparative analysis. It shows the possibilities of using the method of automatic text analysis not only for processing modern information in digital form but also for the information contained in printed sources using computer optical text recognition. At the same time describes in short, the limitations and disadvantages of this method. Conclusions are drawn that information and communication technologies expands the methodology of political science research, improves efficiency and reliability of conclusions.

COMMUNICATION OF POLITICIANS WITH THE AUDIENCE: TOOLS AND SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS

Maksym Honcharenko — Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The political image, its formation, use and analysis are studied. Current approaches and methods of creating and effectively using a political image during communication between politicians and citizens are considered. The main goal is not only to generalize knowledge in this area, but also to identify key factors affecting the effectiveness of campaigning for political candidates.

A historical review of the political image is carried out, starting from the first manifestations to modern trends. The author examines the importance of political image in modern election campaigns and its role in shaping public opinion and voters' decisions.

Next, the influence of the individual brand of political figures on campaign effectiveness is investigated. The author draws attention to the need for consistency and appropriateness of the actions and speeches of political figures in order to achieve successful use of the political image.

The article also analyzes modern tools and technologies that help political figures create and manage their image. The author examines the influence of social networks, television, advertising and other media channels on the formation of a political image.

In the conclusion, the author sums up the results of the research and draws conclusions about the importance of political image in the modern political arena. The article provides useful guidelines for political actors and consultants, helping them to understand and use political image in their work.

INFORMATION SECURITY IN THE TERMS THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR: CHALLENGES AND THREATS

Lyudmila Mazurenko — Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The need to create an effective mechanism for ensuring state information security is substantiated. It is noted that the blocking of true information about the role of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, actions of the leadership and power structures does not contribute to victory in the war waged by Russia against Ukraine.

The following main ways of disseminating unreliable information in the conditions of war have been identified. social networks; fake accounts of famous people, politicians, TV and radio channels; personal messages or in shared groups of Viber, Telegram, WhatsApp and other messengers.

It is indicated that in the aspect of ensuring information security, a significant place is occupied by the problems of spreading rumors, gossip, and fakes. The following types of fakes are highlighted. fake advertising, fake pseudo-expert, fake conspiracy, fake clickbait. To promote fake news, there are bot farms, «Internet troll factories», and pranking is practiced. In addition, fakes in the conditions of Russian aggression are also a battle of narratives and cultures.

Such components of information security as information-technical and information-psychological protection are highlighted.

The main mechanisms of combating false information in the conditions of war are disclosed, namely. formation of media literacy of the population; coverage of objective information through government Internet publications, mass media, e-government; establishment of responsibility for spreading fake news among the population; control of fake accounts; neutralization of fakes by special units in the cyber police.

The main directions of improving information security as a component of the state security of Ukraine have been identified and characterized.

GENDER EQUALITY AND GENDER ISSUES IN UKRAINE

Dmytro Varych — Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The situation related to gender equality in Ukraine, the current rating of Ukraine in the world community, the problems faced by women in various spheres and the protection of women's rights at the state level, Ukraine's achievements in achieving equality are considered. The article is devoted to issues of gender equality, discrimination and violence in Ukrainian society.

It is determined that gender equality and observance of human rights is one of the main goals of humanity and most countries take steps to erase socio-economic differences between men and women, equal rights and opportunities for realization, protection of people from violence. The author points out the multifaceted nature of the problem of gender equality in the realities of Ukraine and the systematic discrimination of women at various levels, and also demonstrates Ukraine's achievements in creating favorable conditions for the normal and safe functioning of a person regardless of gender. Key issues related to gender in Ukraine are highlighted, including economic inequality between men and women, different opportunities in obtaining access to financial resources; inequality in the political participation of men and women, as well as the problems of Ukrainian electoral legislation, which in a certain way allows to avoid injustice in political participation. In addition, issues regarding violence and crimes of various nature by representatives of both genders are raised.