PUBLICATION ETHICS

1. Authorship and Contributorship
   Only individuals who meet all of the following criteria should be listed as authors:
   • Made substantial contributions to the conception, design, execution, data acquisition, or analysis/interpretation of the study; та
   • Drafted the manuscript or critically revised it for important intellectual content; та
   • Approved the final version of the manuscript and agreed to its submission for publication.
   The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all qualifying contributors are included as co-authors, no unqualified individuals are listed, and all co-authors have approved the final manuscript. Individuals who contributed substantially but do not meet these criteria (e.g., technical assistance, writing or editing support) should be acknowledged in the “starred footnote” at the beginning of the article.
2. Handling Complaints, Misconduct, and Appeals
   The Journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of research integrity. Allegations of research misconduct—including plagiarism, data fabrication or falsification, and citation manipulation—will be investigated in accordance with COPE guidelines.
   • If misconduct is identified during peer review, the manuscript will be rejected.
   • If misconduct is discovered after publication, corrective actions may include publication of an erratum, clarification, or, in severe cases, retraction.
   • Editors and publishers will not knowingly permit or encourage any form of research misconduct. .
3. Conflicts of Interest / Competing Interests
   Authors must disclose any financial, personal, or professional relationships that could influence or appear to influence the research. Disclosure should be made at submission and included in the manuscript. All sources of financial support, including grant numbers, should also be declared.
4. Data Sharing and Reproducibility
   The Journal encourages transparency and reproducibility. Authors are encouraged to share relevant research data, including raw and processed data, software, algorithms, protocols, methods, and materials, to support verification and replication of findings.
5. Post-Publication Discussions and Corrections
   Authors are obligated to promptly notify the Journal if significant errors or inaccuracies are discovered in their published work. Corrections will be published in the form of an erratum or, in severe cases, retraction. Editors may also act on concerns raised by third parties, and authors are expected to cooperate fully in providing corrections or evidence supporting the accuracy of their work.