War consequences and prospects for post-war reconstruction (case of Ukrainian urban agglomerations)
Abstract
During the years of russia's lasted war against Ukraine, cities and suburbs have become the main centers of military aggression. The restoration and revitalization of territories – particularly cities and urban agglomerations – is a pressing issue, as they serve as concentrators and catalysts for development. Many countries of the world have experience of recovery after large-scale hostilities. Their successful recovery practices should be studied and can be implemented for effective recovery and post-war development of cities and urban agglomerations of Ukraine.
The purpose of this study is to identify the key characteristics of the war's consequences, as well as the challenges and prospects for post-war recovery in Ukraine's urban agglomerations, incorporating successful global practices and aligning with the goals of sustainable development. This analysis incorporates successful global practices and aligns with the goals of sustainable development. The research aims to develop a flexible recovery model that integrates economic, social, and environmental aspects, adapted to the contemporary challenges facing Ukraine.
Results. The study highlights the multidimensional impact of the war on Ukrainian cities, including the physical destruction of infrastructure, socio-economic disintegration, and environmental challenges. Drawing on international experiences of post-war reconstruction in countries such as Germany, Japan, and South Korea, the research identifies effective strategies, including infrastructure modernization, industrial recovery, social integration of internally displaced persons, and land restoration. The article examines urban agglomerations around the world that have experienced significant destruction, including Warsaw, Berlin and Tokyo, and identifies key features of their reconstruction processes. The study emphasizes the importance of rebuilding Ukraine in alignment with the principles and goals of the Concept of Sustainable Development, adhering to the "build back better" strategy. This includes the reuse of "post-war brownfields," the integration of innovative technologies, and the active involvement of local communities in the recovery process. The article outlines the potential for restoring Ukraine's urban agglomerations and presents a comprehensive set of measures and practical recommendations for the recovery of cities, urban areas, and affected regions. These recommendations are rooted in the framework of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.
Downloads
References
Abdulla, Z. R., & Hussein, S. H. (2022). Experts’ perspective towards smart management in the post-war reconstruction of the city of Mosul. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Administratio Locorum, 21(3), 285–294. DOI: 10.31648/aspal.7520
Aiginger, K., & Moskalenko, O. (2022). Reconstructing Ukraine: How to design a Marshall Plan. Research in Economics and Management, 7(4), 26. https://www.wu.ac.at/fileadmin/wu/d/economics/Department_of_Economics/XX_NEWS/PDFs/Aiginger_Reconstructing_Ukraine.pdf
Al-Mosawy, S. K., Al-Jaberi, A. A., Alrobaee, T. R., & Al-Khafaji, A. S. (2021). Urban planning and reconstruction of cities post-wars by the approach of events and response images. Civil Engineering Journal, 7(11), 1836-1852 DOI:10.28991/cej-2021-03091763
Altrock, U. (2023). “Reconstructionism”: A strategy to improve outdated attempts of modernist post‐war planning? Urban Planning, 8(1), 211–225. https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v8i1.6169
Alvanides, S., & Ludwig, C. (2023). Bombed cities: Legacies of post-war planning on the contemporary urban and social fabric. Urban Planning, 8(1), 165–168. https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v8i1.6828
Alvanides, S., Ludwig, C. (2024). The Legacy of Second World War Bomb Damage on the Social Fabric of Essen. Post-war Cities: Planning Recovery and Reconstruction. TRIALOG 148-149. A Journal for Planning and Building in a Global Context, 9-18 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379999951_Post-war_Cities_Planning_Recovery_and_Reconstruction#fullTextFileContent
Bugalski, Ł., & Lorens, P. (2023). Post‐Second World War reconstruction of Polish cities: The interplay between politics and paradigms. Urban Planning, 8(1), 182–195. https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v8i1.6116
Cifuentes-Faura, J. (2023). Ukraine's post-war reconstruction: Building smart cities and governments through a sustainability-based reconstruction plan. Journal of Cleaner Production, 419, 138323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138323
Duka, A. P., & Starchenko, H. V. (2022). World Experience of Post-War Economic Recovery: Lessons for Ukraine. Problems of Modern Transformations. Series: Economics and Management (6) https://doi.org/10.54929/2786-5738-2022-6-03-06
Dulko, I. (2023). Rebuilding Narratives: The Role of Urban Planning in Post-War Ukraine. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371952476_Rebuilding_Narratives_The_Role_of_Urban_Planning_in_Post-war_Ukraine
Far M. S., Carlos M. D. (2014). Geopolitical Brownfields: introducing a new terminology for brownfields within conflict zones. In 21st Annual European Real Estate Society Conference. ERES: Conference. Bucharest, Romania, 2014. https://eres.architexturez.net/doc/oai-eres-id-eres2014-158
Faraponov, V. (2023). Lessons from the Marshall Plan for Ukraine’s post-war recovery. Scientific works of the Interregional Academy of Personnel Management. Political science and public administration, 5(71), 15. https://doi.org/10.32689/2523-4625-2023-5(71)-15
Gorokhova, T., Firstenko, O., Chopyk, Y., Voitsitska, K., & Petrukha, N. (2024). Strategies for Ukraine’s Post-War Economic Recovery within the Framework of Sustainable Development Goals. Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review, 5(1), e03350. https://doi.org/10.47172/2965-730X.SDGsReview.v5.n01.pe03350
Hercik J., Simacek P., Szczyrba Z., Smolová I. (2014). Military brownfields in the Czech Republic and the potential for their revitalisation, focused on their residential function. Quaestiones Geographicae 33(2):127-138. https://doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2014-0021
Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. State Strategy for Regional Development for 2021-2027 (as amended by Resolution No. 940 of August 13, 2024) https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/695-2020-%D0%BF#n11
Kindzerskyi, Y. (2022). Postwar recovery of Ukraine's industry: challenges and features of policy. Economic analysis, 32(2), 101–117. https://doi.org/10.35774/econa2022.02.101
Kostrikov, S., Niemets, L., Robinson, D., Mezentsev, K., Kravchenko, K., & Serohin D. (2024). Delineation of the Hostilities’ Impact on Urban Environment by LiDAR Data Processing (a Case Study of Kharkiv). Achieving sustainability in Ukraine through military brownfields redevelopment, Springer, 265-278. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2278-8_22
Kravchenko K. (2024). Theoretical and methodological aspects of socio-geographical research of urban agglomerations. Economic and Social Geography, 92. 77–92 https://doi.org/10.17721/2413-7154/2024.92.77-92.
Kravchenko K., Perepelitsa V. (2024) Experience of European countries for the post-war restoration of Ukraine http://soc-econom-region.univer.kharkov.ua/en/conference-proceeding-region-human-geographical-aspects/
Kravchenko, O., Sergiienko, L., Niameshchuk, H., Mamatova, T., & Chykarenko, I. (2023). Post-war recovery practices for Ukraine, based on the experience of other countries that have undergone similar processes. Economic Affairs, 68(4), 2277–2288. https://doi.org/10.46852/0424-2513.4.2023.35
Larkham, P. J., & Adams, D. (2023). Revisioning and rebuilding Britain’s war‐damaged cities. Urban Planning, 8(1), 169–181. https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v8i1.6102
Ludwig, С., Alvanides, S, Laue, F. (eds) (2024). Post-war Cities: Planning Recovery and Reconstruction. TRIALOG 148-149. A Journal for Planning and Building in a Global Context https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379999951_Post-war_Cities_Planning_Recovery_and_Reconstruction#fullTextFileContent
Martynovych, N., Yemchenko, I., & Kulinich, T. (2023). From the territory of recovery to sustainable development: A methodological concept of effective socio-economic development of Ukraine after the war development. Problems of Sustainable Development, 18(2), 13-25. doi:10.35784/preko.3923
Mezentsev, K., & Mezentsev, O. (2022). War and the city: Lessons from urbicide in Ukraine. Czasopismo Geograficzne, 93(3), 495–521. https://doi.org/10.12657/czageo-93-20.
Mezentsev, K., Niemets, L., & Sehida, K. (2024). Transforming Brownfields: Urban Renewal in Ukrainian Cities. Achieving sustainability in Ukraine through military brownfields redevelopment, Springer, 289-299. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2278-8_24
Modrzyńska, J., Szpak, A., & Willa, R. (2024). The concept of ‘building back better’ and the reconstruction of Ukraine and its cities. European Planning Studies, 32(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2024.2405960
Morar, C., Berman, L., Erdal, S., & Niemets, L. (eds) (2024). Achieving Sustainability in Ukraine through Military Brownfields Redevelopment. NATOARW 2023. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security. Dordrecht: Springer. 470 p. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-024-2278-8
Morar, C., Berman, L., Unkart, S., Erdal, S. (2021). Sustainable Brownfields Redevelopment in the European Union: An Overview of Policy and Funding Frameworks. J Environ Health. 84(4):24–31. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8959022/
National Recovery Council (2024). Recovery Plan for Ukraine at: https://recovery.gov.ua/
Niemets, K. A., Sehida, K. Yu., Niemets, L. M., Kravchenko, K. O., Telebeneva, Ye. Yu., Klyuchko, L. V., & Redin, V. I. (2019). Research of urban agglomerations in the aspect of implementing administrative-territorial reform in Ukraine (on the example of Kharkiv region). Journal of Social and Economic Geography, 27, 28–39. https://periodicals.karazin.ua/socecongeo/article/view/15411
Niemets, K., Kravchenko, K., Kandyba, Y., Kobylin, & P. Morar, C. (2021). World Cities in Terms of the Sustainable Development Concept. Geography and Sustanability. 2(4), 304-311. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266668392100078X
Niemets, L., Sehida, K., Babichev, A., Vila Subiros, J., Morar, C., Grama, V., Kravchenko, K., & Telebienieva, I. (2024). Issues of the military brownfields in Ukraine: A sustainable development perspective. Achieving sustainability in Ukraine through military brownfields redevelopment, Springer, 83–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2278-8_9
Pahlen, G., Glöckner, S (2004). Sustainable regeneration of European brownfield sites. Brownfield sites ІІ: assessment, rehabilitation and development, 221-232 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-12244251032&partnerID=40&md5=ad1a653fe039a17a03e83168e62a515d
Pidorycheva, I. (2022). Post-war recovery of Europe: Experience and lessons for Ukraine. Journal of European Economics, 21(2), 195-207. https://doi.org/10.35774/jee2022.02.170
Post-war reconstruction of cities / Pragmatica https://pragmatika.media/en/category/specproiekti/povoyenna-vidbudova-mist/
Post-War Recovery of Ukrainian Cities: Green Reconstruction and Green Transformation (2022). Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Office in Ukraine at: https://www.kas.de/documents/270026/18262243/2022+RACSE+Policy+Paper_Summary+Post-war+Recovery+of+Ukraine%E2%80%99s+Cities+Green+Reconstruction+and+Green+Transformation.pdf/cb30259a-3a31-5b8c-4f62-a2ade2d31802?version=1.0&t=1671021690909
Shaaban, M. H. I. (2016). Sustainable urban regeneration of brownfields, Cairo University, 122 at: http://eulc.edu.eg/eulc_v5/Libraries/Thesis/BrowseThesisPages.aspx?fn=PublicDrawThesis&BibID=12869025
Shaev, B., & Hackett, S. (2021). Cities, migration and the historiography of post-war Europe. Journal of Migration History, 7, 191–219. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356335957_Cities_Migration_and_the_Historiography_of_Post-war_Europe
Sinaj, Z., Vela, F., & Shaip, G. (2024). National policy instruments for restoring the post-war economy and factors of sustainability of the Ukrainian economy. Development, 23(2), 49–55. https://doi.org/10.57111/devt/2.2024.49
Sustainable Development Goals, 2021. United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, Rio+20. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/rio20
The World Bank. (2015). Ukraine: Urbanization review. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. https://www.worldbank.org
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. UN4Kharkiv: Integrated Rehabilitation of Settlements (Territories) in Ukraine at: https://unece.org/housing/un4kharkiv-rehabilitation
Urban development and post war recovery for Ukrainian cities / Summary of the European Urban Resilience Forum 2022 in Athens, Greece https://www.undp.org/ukraine/blog/urban-development-and-post-war-recovery-ukrainian-cities
Vialard, A. (2023). Intelligibility of post‐war reconstruction in French bombed cities. Urban Planning, 8(1), 226–238. https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v8i1.6026
W. van Vliet (2016). The future of relics from a military past. A study to the history, contemporary role and future development of 20th century military heritage at the waterfront of Tallinn, Estonia https://www.rug.nl/research/kenniscentrum-landschap/voor-tudenten/masterscripties/ma_scr_wvanvliet_2016.pdf
World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). https://wwfcee.org/our-offices/ukraine/statement-on-sustainable-and-transformative-post-war-reconstruction-in-ukraine
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
