Stereotyping of Characters’ Speech
Abstract
This article focuses on the process of stereotyping female characters’ speech as presented in the works by British playwrights of the second half of the nineteenth century. The findings indicate that the principle of politeness with its ambivalent orientation toward asserting common ground, being optimistic and emotional vs. being conventionally indirect, pessimistic and impersonal was considered to be leading for female representatives of the historic period under study. The cognitive level comprises adherence to a sense of belonging and traditions while the linguistic level focuses on indirect conveying of information. Elements of non-verbal communication of British plays female characters have also been studied; the tendencies of applying gestures, intonation and proxemics elements are similar to those of politeness strategies: formallized polite behavior is dominant with rare cases of women expressing their emotions publicly.
Downloads
References
Bielova, A.D. (2002). Leksychna semantyka i mizhkulturni stereotypy [Lexical semantics and cross-cultural stereotypes]. Movni i kontseptualni kartyny svitu: Zb. nauk. prats. – Linguistic and Conceptual Images of the World Papers, 7, 43–49 (in Ukrainian).
Bodujen de Kurtjene, I.A. (1963). Izbrannye trudy po obshhemu jazykoznaniju [Selected works in general linguistics]. Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR Publ.
Brown, P., and Levinson, S. (1987). Politeness: Some Universals in Language Use. London, New York, etc.: Cambridge University Press.
Dovidio, J. F. (2005). Introduction. In: J.F. Dovidio, P. Glick, and L. A. Rudman (eds.). Reflecting on The Nature of Prejudice: Fifty Years after Allport. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 1–16.
Holz-Bacha, Ch. (2011). Stereotype?: Frauen and Maenner in der Werbung. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften: Springer.
Karaulov, Ju.N. (1987). Russkij jazyk i jazykovaja lichnost' [The Russian language and the language identity]. Moscow: Nauka Publ.
Kotova, I.A. (2016). Dyskursyvna povedinka heroia ta antyheroia v amerykanskomu kinodyskursi [The hero’s and the antihero’s discursive behavior in the American film discourse]. Naukovyi visnyk Mizhnar. humanitar. un-tu. – International Humanities Univ. Messenger, 21(2), 54–59 (in Ukrainian).
Krasnykh, V.V. (2003). «Svoj sredi chuzhih»: mif ili real'nost'? [“At home among strangers”: A myth or reality?]. Moscow: ITDGK “Gnosis” Publ.
Leontovich, O.A. (2002). Russkie i amerikancy: Paradoksy mezhkul'turnogo obshhenija [Russians and Americans: Paradoxes of cross-cultural communication]. Volgograd: Peremena Publ.
Martyniuk, A.P. (2004). Konstruiuvannia henderu v anhlomovnomu dyskursi [Gender constructing in the English discourse]. Kharkiv: Konstanta Publ.
Miloserdova, E.V. (2001). Sociokul'turnye aspekty obshhenija [Sociocultural aspects of communication]. Materialy Tret'ej mezhdunar. konf. “Filologija i kul'tura”, 16-18 May 2001, Tambov. [Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. “Philology and Culture” 16-18 May 2001, Tambov]. Tambov, 15–18.
Morozova, I.I. (2004). Komunikatyvni stratehii vvichlyvosti u stereotypnii movlennievii povedintsi viktorianskoi zhinky. Avtoref. dys. kand. filol. nauk [Communicative politeness strategies in stereotypic speech behaviour of the Victorian woman. Cand. philol. sci. diss. synopsis]. Kharkiv. 20 p. (in Ukrainian).
Moskalenko, V.V. (2008). Sotsialna psykholohiia. Pidruchnyk [Social psychology. A textbook]. Kyiv: Tsentr Uchbovoi Literatury Publ.
Prohorov, Ju.E. (1997). Nacional'nye sociokul'turnye stereotipy rechevogo obshhenija i ih rol' v mezhkul'turnoj kommunikacii [National social stereotypes and their role in cross-cultural communication]. Funkcional'nye issledovanija. – Functional studies, 4, 5–21 (in Russian).
Schweinitz, J., and Schleussner, L. (2011). Film and Stereotype: A Challenge for Cinema and Theory. New York: Columbia University Press.
Shevchenko, I.S. (2011). Diskurs i ego kategorii [Discourse and its categories]. Visnyk Kharkiv. nats. un-tu im. V.N. Karazina. – V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National Univ. Messenger, 973, 6–12 (in Russian).
Shevchenko, I.S. (2013). Koncepty kommunikativnogo povedenija i diskurs [Concepts of communicative behavior and discourse]. Visnyk Kharkiv. nats. un-tu im. V.N. Karazina. – V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National Univ. Messenger, 1072, 15–20 (in Russian).
Soloshchuk, L.V. (2006). Verbalni i neverbalni komponenty komunikatsii v anhlomovnomu dyskursi [Verbal and non-verbal communication components in the English discourse]. Kharkiv: Konstanta Publ.
Stangor, Ch. (2016). The study of stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination within social psychology: A quick history of theory and research. In: T.D. Nelson (ed.). Handbook of Stereotype, Prejudice and Discrimination. New York: Psychology Press, pp. 3–8.
Watts, R.J. (2003). Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
