Prosodic models of accentuated personalities’ English public speeches
Abstract
The paper advances typical prosodic models of the accentuated personalities’ English public speeches. The inaugural and convention speeches delivered by the American presidents and British prime ministers within the second half of the 20th century served as the material of the study. It was found out that the effective realization of any public speech is determined by the rational choice of linguistic as well as the adequate use of prosodic means for its organization. The authors regard the accentuated language personality as a speaker with enhanced traits of his/her character or temperament which are revealed in the process of his / her communicative activity within the range of acceptable psychological norm and beyond it. It is outlined that in order to conduct the study of prosodic features of the English accentuated personalities’ public speaking the authors created the program and methodology of a complex experimental phonetic research which was carried out in four stages. It is singled out that the politicians, whose inaugural and convention speeches were analyzed, belong to four types of accentuation of their character: demonstrative, impulsive, obsessive-compulsive, and paranoid. The determined prosodic peculiarities of the accentuated politicians' public speaking which were gained by means of the auditory analysis are presented. Besides, the results of the acoustic analysis of the experimental material, linguistic interpretation and generalization of the obtained data enabled the authors to figure out the invariant and variant prosodic models of the accentuated politicians’ public speaking.
Downloads
References
Batsevych, F.S. (2009). Osnovy komunikatyvnoyi lingvistyky [Basics of communicative linguistics]. Kyiv: VTs “Akademiya” Publ.
Bush, G.H.W. (1988). Republican National Convention Acceptance Address. Available frоm http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/georgehbush1988rnc.htm.
Chabak, L.A. (2017). Movni zasoby politychnoyi manipulyaciyi [Linguistic resources in political manipulation] Problemy social’noyi roboty: filosofiya, psyhologiya, sociologiya. 1 (9), 86-90 (in Ukrainian).
Chikileva, L.S. (2018). Prezidentskij politicheskij diskurs kak sredstvo manipuljacii: pragmalingvisticheskij aspect [Presidential political discourse as a means of manipulation: a pragmalinguistic aspect]. Rossijskij gumanitarnyj zhurnal, 7 (1), 20-29 (in Russian).
Crystal, D. (1997). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
David, M.K. (2014). Language, Power and Manipulation: The Use of Rhetoric in Maintaining Political Influence. Frontiers of Language and Teaching, 5 (1), 164-170.
Dedushkina, T.O. (2011). Zhanrovoe prostranstvo politicheskogo diskursa [Genre area of political discourse]. Studia Linuistica, 5, 472-477 (in Russian).
Dunckel, J., & Parnham, E. (1997). Oratorskoe iskusstvo – put’ k uspehu [Effective speaking for business success]. Sankt-Peterburg: Piter Press Publ.
Dyachenko O.V. (2016). Osoblyvosti movno-manipulyatyvnogo vplyvu za riznyh typiv politychnogo rezhymu [Features of language manipulative influence at various types of a political regime]. Aktual’ni problemy polityky. 58, 29-40 (in Ukrainian).
Eisenhower, D.D. (1956). Republican National Convention Acceptance Address. Available frоm http://millercenter.org/president/eisenhower/speeches/speech-3359.
Farmagej, A.I. (2010). Diagnostika akcentuacij lichnosti po pocherku. Metodika, opisanie, ispol’zovanie [Diagnosis of personality’s accentuation by handwriting. Technique, description, and usage]. Kyiv: Kij Publ.
Gol'dberg, I.I. (2008). Tajny pocherka, ili Chto na rodu napisano [Secrets of handwriting or what is written on the nature] Moskva: AST MOSKVA; Ekaterinburg: U-Faktorija Publ.
Handelman, S. (2009). Thought Manipulation: the use and abuse of psychological trickery. Santa Barbara: Praeger.
Helfert, D.L. (2018). Political Communication in Action: From Theory to Practice. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc.
Il`chenko, M. (2010). Manipulyatyvnist’ yak skladova strategij anglomovnogo elektoral’nogo
dyskursu (na materiali peredvyborchyh debativ) [Manipulativeness like the component of English elective discourse strategy]. Available frоm: http://linguistics.kspu.edu/webfm_send/1202.
Johnson, L.B. (1965). Inaugural Address. Available frоm http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/lbjinauguraladdress.htm.
Kalyta, А.А., & Taranenko, L.I. (2008). Fonetyka: perspektyvy, metody ta zasoby doslidzhen’ [Phonetics: prospects, methods and means of research] Naukovyj visnyk Volyns’kogo universytetu imeni Lesi Ukrai’nky. Serija: Filologichni nauky. – Messenger of Lesia Ukrainka Volyn’ National University, 5, 297-299 (in Ukrainian).
Kara-Murza, S.G. (2009). Vlast’ manipuljacii [The power of manipulation]. Moskva: Akademicheskij Proekt Publ.
Karaulov, Ju.N. (1989). Predislovie. Russkaja jazykovaja lichnost’ i zadachi ee izuchenija [Preface. Russian language personality and tasks for its research]. In: D.N. Shmelev (Ed.). Jazyk i lichnost’ (pp. 3–8). Moskva: Nauka Publ.
Konjuhov, N.I. (2008). Metodologija sozdanija psihologicheskogo portreta politicheskogo lidera (na primere B.N. El’cina) [Methodology of the creation of the political leader’s psychological portrait (on the B.N. El’cin’s example)]. Available frоm http://psy.rin.ru/ article/81-101.html
Kubrjakova, E.S., & Aleksandrova, O.V. Vidy prostranstva, teksta i diskursa [Types of space, text, and discourse]. Materialy nauchoj konferentsij: Kategorizacija mira: prostranstvo i vremja – Proceedings from Scentific Conference: Categories of the world: space and time. Moskva, 19–20 (in Russian).
Lamerton, J. (2001). Public Speaking (Everything You Need To Know). London: HarperCollins Publishers Ltd.
Markovskaya, N.S. (2007). “A pojdi-ka ty, Leonid Danilovich, prover`sya…” [“You’d better go to chech Leonid Danilovich…”]. Vechernie Vesti, 115 (1805), 4-5 (in Russian).
Mazlum, F., & Afshin, S. (2016). Evaluative Language in Political Speeches: A Case Study of Iranian and American Presidents’ Speeches. International Journal of Linguistics, 8 (4). 166-183.
Paulo, N. & Bublitz, C. (2019). Pow(d)er to the People? Voter Manipulation, legitimacy, and the Relevance of Moral Psychology for Democratic Theory. Neuroethics, 12, 1874-5504. doi.org/10.1007/s12152-016-9266-7.
Petlyuchenko, N.V. (2009). Kharyzmatyka: movna osobystist’ i dyskurs [Charismatics: language personality and discourse]. Odesa: Astroprynt Publ.
Rakitjanskij, N.M. (2004). Problema psihodiagnostiki politicheskih liderov [A problem of political leaders’ psychodiagnostics]. Available frоm http://ecsocman.edu.ru/images/pubs/2004/06/18/0000162246/010Nikolaj_RAKITYaNSKIJ.pdf.
Reagan, R. (1985). Second Inaugural Address. Available frоm http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/ronaldreagansecondinaugural.htm.
Reznikova, N.A. (2005). O nekotoryh osobennostjah i sposobah vozdejstvija v politicheskom diskurse [On some peculiarities and ways of influence in political discourse]. Voprosy gumanitarnyh nauk, 1, 153-160 (in Russian).
Soper, P.L. (1995). Osnovy iskusstva rechi [Basics of public speaking]. Rostov-na-Donu: “Feniks” Publ.
Tarnavska, A.V., & Kuprii, T.G. (2017). Politychna mova u vyborchij kampaniyi yak zasib vplyvu ta manipulyaciyi [Political language in election campaigns that is a means of influence and manipulation]. Gileya: naukovyj visnyk. 121 (6), 222-226 (in Ukrainian).
Zasyekina, L.V. (2007). Movna osobystist` v suchasnomu social`nomu prostori [Language personality in modern social area]. Social’na psyhologiya, 5 (25). 82-89 (in Ukrainian).
Authors, who publish with this journal, accept the following conditions:
The authors reserve the copyright of their work and transfer to the journal the right of the first publication of this work under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Non-Derivs License (CC BY-NC-ND), which allows other persons to freely distribute a published work with mandatory reference to the authors of the original work and the first publication of the work in this journal.
Authors have the right to enter into separate additional agreements for the non-exclusive dissemination of the work in the form in which it was published by this journal (for example, to post the work in the electronic institutions' repository or to publish as part of a monograph), provided that the link to the first publication of the work in this journal is given.
The journal policy allows and encourages the authors to place the manuscripts on the Internet (for example, in the institutions' repositories or on personal websites), both before the presentation of this manuscript to the editorial board and during review procedure, as it contributes to the creation of productive scientific discussion and positively affects the efficiency and dynamics of citing the published work (see The Effect of Open Access).
