Authors should not list AI-based technologies, such as LLMs, chatbots, or image generators, as authors or co-authors. AI tools used in research or manuscript preparation should be acknowledged in the cover letter and Methods sections. Authors are responsible for accuracy, avoiding plagiarism, and protecting against AI-induced bias. Editors may reject manuscripts for inappropriate use of AI, and reviewers should refrain from AI-generated reviews to maintain confidentiality.

See also: COPE position statement about authorship and AI tools

Images and other multimedia generated by AI are not permitted for publication in our journal without the express permission of the editorial board. Subject to evaluation on an individual basis, exceptions may be considered for manuscript content directly related to artificial intelligence or machine learning.