V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University Bulletin ‘History of Ukraine. Ukrainian Studies: Historical and Philosophical Sciences’

On the question of ethnic expressiveness of the material culture of the nomads of the Ulug Ulus.

Yaroslav Chentsov — 2024-12-23

Purpose. To determine how well-founded is the tradition of interpreting certain types of material culture as indicators of the ethnic identity of the nomads of the Ulug Ulus of the mid-thirteenth to fourteenth centuries on the example of a rod without a kink for the Pechenegs and a two-wheeled cart or harp for the Cumans from two burial mounds in the modern territory of the Ukrainian Steppe, namely burial mound 1 of mound 8 near the village of Plavni, Odesa region, and burial mound 3 near the village of Blahodatne, Dnipro region.

Methods. The study used general scientific and special historical methods, in particular, historical and comparative, historical and genetic, methods of analysis, synthesis and classification.

Scientific novelty. The issue of determining ethnic identity based on archaeological data is quite complex and poorly studied in Ukrainian historiography, especially when it comes to a period or ethnic group for which there are almost no written sources. Therefore, the study of this issue in relation to the nomads of the Ulug Ulus, who themselves have rarely attracted the attention of modern Ukrainian researchers, will help fill in the ‘white spots’ in Ukrainian archaeological science and draw attention to this complex and interesting problem.

Conclusions. As a result of the analysis of two selected mound burials of the mid-13th - 14th centuries, the time of the Ulug Ulus' domination of the Ukrainian steppe, two types of material culture were described - a rod without a kink and a two-wheeled cart or arba, which can mark two large ethnic groups of nomads - Pechenegs and Cumans, respectively. Based on the analysis of the socio-historical context of these types of material culture, it can be shown that these two artefacts can in fact be used as markers of the ethnic identity of the mentioned nomadic ethnic groups. At the same time, the question of how stable the nomads' attitude to these types was over time and in what other contexts, besides ethnicity, they can serve as identity markers, remains open and requires expanding the source base for further understanding.

Protestant sects of Kharkiv province under the conditions of freedom of conscience (1905–1908).

Viacheslav Pototsky — 2024-12-23

Goal. The purpose of the article is to consider the peculiarities of the activities of Protestant sects (primarily Baptists) on the territory of the Kharkiv province at the beginning of the 20th century. The chronological boundaries of this study cover the period from 1905 to 1908. This is the period between the proclamation of freedom of conscience in the Russian Empire and the beginning of the reactionary policy of the tsarist government and its law enforcement agencies.

Research methodology. The methodological basis of the article consists of the principles of historicism and objectivity, implemented using a number of methods: general logic (analysis and synthesis), as well as classification, comparative and periodization methods.

Scientific novelty. The subject of a special scientific study was the organizational and propaganda work of religious dissidents in conditions of relative tolerance and lack of pressure from the state and the official church.

Conclusions. Imperial manifestos of 1905 and 1906. on freedom of conscience and religion completely changed the lives of the sectarians of the Kharkiv province. It was established that in the period from 1905 to 1909 in the province, dissidents were not hindered by either the police or the Russian Orthodox Church. The latter was in a kind of embarrassment from the great freedoms that were granted to the sectarians. In addition, the dissidents themselves everywhere violated the provisions of the manifesto on the prohibition of propaganda and actively called on the Orthodox to join the sect. The period 1905–1909 can be called a time of experimentation, when both sectarians and representatives of the authorities and the Russian Orthodox Church had to try to coexist under conditions of mutual compromise. After many decades of open confrontation, such processes encountered many difficulties in local conditions.

Political Crisis Following the Adoption of the Third Universal in the Context of Land Issues in Ukraine.

Oleksandr Voronyanskyi — 2024-12-23

Research aim. This article explains the internal economic and social preconditions for the governmental crisis that followed the adoption of the Third Universal by the Central Rada, considering systemic economic factors that shaped the stance of the Ukrainian government regarding land reforms at that time.

Methodology of the research. The analysis of internal crisis factors focuses on various elements, including the nature of landlord estates in Ukrainian governorates at the beginning of the 20th century, the distribution of land among rural households unable to engage in commercial production due to land scarcity and lack of resources to sustain draft animals, as well as the programmatic positions of Ukrainian socialist-oriented parties regarding land reform directions.

The scientific novelty. This study demonstrates that the political crisis stemming from the adoption of the Third Universal was triggered by the government's inability to resolve contradictions between the need to maintain a commodity-based agricultural system–primarily upheld by large, capitalist-style privately-owned estates closely linked to financial capital, which occupied a significant portion of Ukraine's agricultural lands–and the need to allocate land to peasants as a basic means of subsistence for rural families. The article highlights that, according to the socialist parties' agendas, one approach considered by the Central Rada and its government for resolving these contradictions was to establish collective farms on the basis of landlord estates.

Conclusions. By the early 20th century, large-scale landownership in Ukraine had already acquired a capitalist nature in terms of both organization and integration into market relations. However, the limited volume of land available for redistribution made it impossible to allocate enough land for all peasants to conduct commercial farming. Consequently, land reform based on the redistribution of landlord lands neither had an anti-feudal character, promoted capitalist relations, nor could it mitigate the severe agrarian crisis. Under these conditions, the leadership of the General Secretariat for Land Affairs of the Central Rada pursued a policy aimed at preserving large, capitalized estates of a latifundial type, which conflicted with the mass peasant movement advocating for an egalitarian redistribution of land ownership. As a result, the Central Rada lost its primary social base–the Ukrainian peasantry–which ultimately led to its removal from the historical stage.

Bulgarian and Ukrainian experience of implementing European legal acts on decommunization.

Dmytro Mykolenko — 2024-12-23

Мета. Розкрити процеси впровадження нормативно-правових актів Європейського Союзу (ЄС), Парламентської асамблеї Ради Європи (ПАРЄ) у політику пам’яті Болгарії і України та визначити чинники, які вплинули на їхній перебіг.

Методи. Для досягнення вказаної мети ми здійснили компаративний аналіз зазначених процесів, послуговуючись при цьому резолюціями європейських інституцій, законами, прийнятими парламентами Болгарії і України, а також пресою й інтернет-виданнями.

Наукова новизна. Було встановлено, що в обох країнах процеси імплементації загальноєвропейських нормативно-правових актів під час декомунізації визначалися декількома чинниками. Зокрема, їх уповільнювала лояльність значних частин населення держав до комуністичного минулого, а політичні партії використовували вказані настрої у боротьбі за владу.

Висновки. Спротив імплементації чинили політичні сили, які лояльно ставилися до російської федерації, котра послідовно виправдовувала радянський тоталітаризм. Розширення ЄС на схід у 2004 і 2007 роках, окупація Росією 2014 року Криму й початок нею у тому ж році збройної агресії на Донбасі, а також масштабне вторгнення її військ 2022 року в Україну значно пришвидшили впровадження європейських нормативно-правових актів у політику пам’яті як Болгарії, так і України.

Historiography of volunteer activities in Ukraine in times of extreme trials: methodological problems of polydisciplinaryness.

Yevgenіі Teluha — 2024-12-23

The purpose of the study. To investigate and analyze the problems of scientific thought and the evolution of the study of the volunteer movement in Ukraine.

The research methodology. The research used general scientific methods, the method of historiographical analysis and synthesis, and the main methods of historical research.

Scientific novelty. For the first time, the methodological problems of the multidisciplinarity of scientific thought regarding the issue of volunteering in Ukraine were considered in the study.

Topicality. Analysis of the latest research and publications using general scientific and specifically historical methods allows us to study such a social phenomenon as volunteering more widely.

Conclusions. Scientific work on the study of the volunteer movement in Ukraine, thanks to specialists in various fields of science, contributes to the well-founded implementation of scientific achievements in practical activities and interaction of volunteering with the state. A multidisciplinary approach in research makes it possible to increase the historiographical studies of this issue many times over, which in turn stimulates an in-depth and versatile, further study of the volunteer movement in Ukraine. Also, it is worth noting that the historiography of the issue significantly affects the institutionalization of the volunteer movement, which in turn strengthens the defense capability of our state against the background of Russian expansion. The full-scale armed aggression of the Russian Federation against our country added another historical stage, which, upon its completion, will be the subject of scientific discussions. Therefore, the prospect of further research of the volunteer movement in Ukraine, from the point of view of both the historical aspect and related sciences, will arouse the scientific interest of many researchers.

Customs, folk knowledge and production experience related to bee swarming in the Sarny region (according to expedition materials from the Sarny district of the Rivne region).

Alla Dmytrenko — 2024-12-23

The purpose of the study. On the basis of field ethnographic materials collected in the Sarny district, analyze the phenomena of material culture, folk knowledge, archaic components of worldviews, customs and rites associated with bee swarming, and trace their features in forest and domestic beekeeping.

Research methodology. Used historical methods (analysis and synthesis, typological, comparative-historical) and ethnological research method (collection of field materials according to the author's program-questionnaire, carried out using the bush method of ethnological research).

Scientific novelty. For the first time in the Ukrainian ethnological literature, the ethnocultural features of the customs related to the swarming of bees in Sarny Polissia were investigated. Used expedition field materials collected by the author are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

Topicality. The topic of the article is relevant, as it reveals one of the aspects of custom and production experience associated with the development of beekeeping in Polissia, as an element of the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Ukraine.

Conclusions. It was found out that during the development of beekeeping in Sarny Polissia, a complex of worldviews, magical actions, customs, rites, folk knowledge, devices and production experience related to bee swarming was formed. Worldviews and associated magical actions were supposed to contribute to success in fishing. It has been proven that in forest beekeeping intervention in the process of swarming was minimal and was reduced to knowing the terms of swarming and observing it on the Green Holidays. During the period of domestic beekeeping, beekeepers began to actively intervene in all stages of the development of bees, which contributed to the formation of a system of knowledge, production experience and special devices.

The work of Ukrainian and Polish writers in the context of the literary process of the 19th century (using the example of the work of Olga Kobylianska and Eliza Ożeszko)

Natalia Demchenko — 2024-12-23

Research aim. The article attempts to elucidate the peculiarities of artistic modeling of female characters in the works of Olha Kobylianska and Eliza Orzeszkowa in the context of the Ukrainian-Polish literary dialogue of the nineteenth century.

Methodology of the research. The study is based on analytical review, aspectual analysis, elements of psychoanalysis, comparative analysis, mythological analysis, intertextual analysis, and the method of synthesis.

The scientific novelty. For the first time, the works of Ukrainian and Polish writers Olga Kobylianska and Eliza Orzeszkowa are comparatively studied; the peculiarities of linguistic modeling of women's images as a phenomenon of formation of gender-feminist, moral, ethical, socio-psychological, artistic, historical and national values in the context of the Ukrainian-Polish literary dialogue are revealed.

Conclusions. The research is an attempt to characterize intercultural Ukrainian-Polish literary contacts of the nineteenth century not only in the historical and literary context, but also in the psycholinguistic context – through the artistic modeling of female characters in the works of Olga Kobylianska and Eliza Orzeszkowa, which makes it possible to trace the formation of gender-feminist, moral, ethical, socio-psychological, artistic, historical and national values of the two European countries. The article shows that the writers' works demonstrate a different vision of the topic of gender-feminist, moral, ethical, socio-psychological, artistic, historical and national orientation in texts of traditional and feminist nature. Each of the authors has her own style, views on life's problems and their solutions, and relies on her own life experience, using her own artistic means. We see the prospect of the study in the characterization of the onomastic element in the idiom of the writers.

Odesan Parisians: The Phenomenon of the Ukrainian Diaspora.

Anastasia Вatorii — 2024-12-23

Objective: The article aims to explore the cultural and historical influence of Odessa artists and intellectuals of the early 20th century who, after forming in the multicultural environment of Odessa, emigrated to Paris. It seeks to reveal how their creative contributions fostered the development of avant-garde art and helped preserve Ukrainian identity within the multicultural context of Paris.

Methodology: This research utilizes an interdisciplinary approach that combines cultural, historical, and art analysis. A comparative method is applied to examine the work of Odessa artists in the context of the avant-garde movement, along with a cultural reconstruction method to recreate the socio-cultural environments of Odessa and Paris at the time. The study's sources include archival documents, artworks, and contemporaneous critical reviews.

Scientific Novelty: The study highlights the cultural phenomenon of the "Odessa Parisians" as representatives of the Ukrainian diaspora who, while preserving their national identity, contributed significantly to the formation of intercultural dialogue and avant-garde art in France. This research emphasizes Odessa's unique role as a multicultural city, not part of the Russian cultural sphere but a key center of the Black Sea region, where the spirit of tolerance and cultural exchange flourished.

Conclusions: The article underscores the importance of the Odessa art school in the history of the avant-garde movement and the role of Ukrainian artists who, despite the challenging conditions of emigration, continued to expand their creative potential within new cultural environments. It underscores that Odessa has been and remains a polyethnic and multicultural city, retaining its Ukrainian identity and standing outside the Russian cultural domain. Studying this phenomenon provides greater insight into contemporary intercultural processes, the role of the Ukrainian diaspora, and the importance of investigating historical and cultural contexts to counter contemporary propaganda narratives.

Ukrainian addresses in Istanbul in the context of the activities of the «Istanbul Platform» in the interwar period. (20-30s of the XX century).

Olga Zubko — 2024-12-23

The task of scientific research. In the mid-1990s, on the initiative of O. Pelenska, a diplomat and researcher of Ukrainian political emigration in the interwar Czechoslovak Republic, the project «Ukrainian addresses in Prague» began, thanks to which Ukrainian addresses where people lived were found and restored step by step on maps of Czech cities, representatives of the Ukrainian political emigration conducted their public and intelligence activities. The author of this article had the honor of being included in the specified project through address and biographical additions. Meanwhile, archival research and novels of the writer and post-graduate student of Kamianets-Podilskyi National University named after I. Ohienko of Lora Pidhirna on the activities of political emigration and Ukrainian exile special services in the Middle East. «Istanbul Platform» resolutely «demanded» Ukrainian addresses of the DC of the Ukrainian Peopleʼs Republic.

The research methodology and scientific approaches of intelligence are based on the principles of historicism, integrity, objectivity, concrete-historical approach, comprehensiveness, systematicity, as well as the use of analysis, synthesis, historical-genetic, historical-typological, problem-chronological and historical-comparative methods.

The main results of the research carried out. The article provides a factual list of Ukrainian addresses in the city of Istanbul in the context of the activities of the «Istanbul Platform» in the 1920s and 1930s.

Originality and practical significance. Locational geographical expansion of the boundaries of the "Ukrainian emigration addresses" project.

"It was the untired Pylepenko – writer, Shevchenko expert...". Collecting expeditions of the Ukrainian writer and public activist S.V. Pylypenka as a contribution to the development of Shevchenkonology.

Yulia Bilas — 2024-12-23

Research aim. The article attempts to investigate Serhiy Pylypenko's collecting trips to the places of memory of Taras Shevchenko and highlights his own efforts to localize the creative and artistic heritage of Kobzar in Kharkiv in the 1920s-1930s, against the background of the development of Shevchenko studies.

Methodology of the research is based on the use of general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as special historical methods: historical-typological, historical-comparative, and biographical. The historical-typological method made it possible to investigate the formation and development of Shevchenko studies in the 1920s and 1930s. By analyzing and systematizing historical sources and historiography, it was possible to identify key figures who investigated the legacy of Kobzar, the main problems and prospects of this scientific direction, which developed under ideological pressure from the Bolshevik regime. The historical-comparative method made it possible to create a clear picture of how the approach to awareness of the importance of research and preservation of monuments of Shevchenko studies was transformed. Thanks to the biographical method, it was possible to combine disparate facts from the biography of Serhii Volodymyrovych Pylypenko, to reveal the motives and his personal attitude to the problem. Analyzing and systematizing the content of sources of personal origin and archival materials, it was possible to explore the ways of solving the task in combination with other circumstances in the life path of the writer, and to establish his personal contribution to the preservation of the creative heritage of Taras Shevchenko.

The scientific novelty consists in the analysis and systematization of unexplored and little-researched sources, which highlight the details of Serhiy Pylypenko's travels through the territories of the former USSR. These materials provide an opportunity to trace the role and contribution of Serhiy Pylypenko in the concentration of Taras Shevchenko's creative work in Kharkiv and Shevchenko studies in general. The study lies in the need to reconstruct the contribution of the Ukrainian writer Serhiy Volodymyrovych Pylypenko to the development of Shevchenko studies in the 1920s and 1930s. This period was marked by the ideological intervention of party functionaries in numerous areas of science and culture. The study of the personality and creative work of Taras Shevchenko was also subject to ideological influence, so his image periodically underwent transformation on the pages of the Ukrainian Soviet press. Serhiy Pylypenko, who at the end of the first third of the twentieth century held the most influential publishing and editorial positions in the then capital Kharkiv, also covered and popularized the Kobzar's heritage, which is an interesting direction for analysis. At the same time, the most important is the study of Serhiy Pylypenko's collecting activities, his organizational activity and direct participation in expeditions to the places of memory of Taras Shevchenko with the aim of concentrating Shevchenko's heritage in Kharkiv.

Conclusions. Based on archival materials, sources of personal origin and historiographic works, scientific information about the specific development of Shevchenko studies in 1920-1930, which underwent an ideological transformation, was summarized. The role of the exploratory journeys of the Ukrainian writer and public figure S.V. Pylypenko for the purpose of gathering the creative heritage of Taras Shevchenko and its localization in Kharkiv. The article highlights the personal contribution of the activist to the development of Shevchenko studies, which took place in parallel with the destructive processes against Ukrainian science and culture.

Mykola Sumtsov and the language of folklore.

Ruslan Serdeha — 2024-12-23

The purpose of the article: is to analyse the works of Mykola Fedorovych Sumtsov on oral folklore, to find out his contribution to the study of the language of folklore and to establish the significance of his folklore achievements for the further development of linguistic and folklore science in Ukraine.

Research methodology: general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as special historical methods-chronological and comparative historical-were used.

Scientific novelty. For the first time in Ukrainian science, the works of the famous Kharkiv humanitarian scientist Mykola Fedorovych Sumtsov examined through the prism of linguofolklore. His role in the formation of this scientific field is determined.

Conclusions. In his works, M. F. Sumtsov laid the groundwork for future linguistic studies in the field of linguofolklore. He sees the folklore of the Ukrainian people as an original, original and unique phenomenon, based on a broad international context. He saw in the Ukrainian language «the best manifestation of national life», «the treasury of the national spirit». Long before the separation of lingo-folklore studies into a separate branch of linguistic science, which began to take shape in the 70s of the twentieth century, M. F. Sumtsov outlined the search tasks of this field of knowledge. When studying works of oral folk literature, he calls for a close look at their language, especially the language of songs, fairy tales, and proverbs, and to look for the most characteristic features in it, that is, the language of folklore, which hide the deep sources of folk art as such. As a researcher of folklore and as a scholar in general, M. F. Sumtsov impresses with the diversity of his research. His scientific achievements in general and those in the field of folklore studies in particular are striking in their versatility, deep understanding of the problems under study, and interdisciplinary approach to their solution. The researcher takes into account heterogeneous folklore material: apocrypha, wedding songs, dumas, historical songs, fairy tales, lullabies, carols, shchedrivkas, Kupala songs, legends, and other manifestations of folk verbal creativity.

Strategic state-building points in George Y. Shevelov’s historiosophical stance.

Kateryna Karunyk — 2024-12-23

The purpose. On the basis of unknown and rare George Y. Shevelov’s newspaper publications of the 1940s-1950s the paper intends to trace his historiosophical stance and to single out his strategic points for the Ukrainian scholars concerning re-establishing and strengthening Ukraine as an independent state.

Approaches. The paper relays on a set of interdisciplinary approaches which involve elements of historiographical research, of political philosophy, of cultural studies, of text and discourse analysis, and some comparative approaches as well.

Research achievements. The insight into George Y. Shevelov’s publications in the scope of political philosophy substantially complement up-to-date image of the author as a political thinker. These essays of his were not just a minute reaction to the current events or discourse, but they rather offer sustainable ideological vision of historical and psychological prerequisites of the Ukrainian nation-building process, albeit the Ukrainians themselves, baring natural state-building potential, for centuries found it fascinating to construct the alien empire. The essayist reveals the reasons of such psychological drawbacks of the people as provincialism or treachery, at the same time he uplifts their “eagerness to build empire” as well as their cultural and intellectual European-mindedness. Shevelov treats the Ukrainian nationalism neither in a sense of militant activity, nor as political agenda, but rather in a paradigm of multisided cultural experience due to which the people, having felt consciously their unity, matured finally into the distinct organism.

Conclusions. The insight into this set of Shevelov’s publications allows to sum up and complete the author’s historiosophical stance of the Ukrainian nation-building process. In his writings the tribute was paid to the Western philosophers together with the Ukrainian intellectuals of the 20^th century whose ideas Shevelov synthesized in his special way. He postulated continuing, interrupted history, which shows the people’s fostering after numerous border changes – the people which matures into a nation, a kind of unitas multiplex, with conscious will to establish and struggle for their own state. Besides, the author gives a set of strategic tasks to the Ukrainian scholars who could focus on Russian and East European studies and to politicians who can initiate and manage the anti-Russian coalition preventing any aggression from Moscow.

Book review: Adadurov Vadim, Babinskyi Anatoliy, Zaitsev Oleksandr. Images of Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi in journalism and historiography of the Ukrainian diaspora, 1944–1989. / Collective monograph edited by Vadim Adadurov. Lviv: UKU Publishing Hous

Pavlo Yeremieiev — 2024-12-23

Book review:
Adadurov Vadim, Babinskyi Anatoliy, Zaitsev Oleksandr. Images of Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi in journalism and historiography of the Ukrainian diaspora, 1944–1989. / Collective monograph edited by Vadim Adadurov. Lviv: UKU Publishing House, 2023. 260 p. ISBN 978-617-7608-64-5

Book review: "... SEE LIVE PEOPLE...": TIMES, CITIES, EVENTS EYES OF THE HISTORIAN [Turchenko F. G. Before the challenges of the era. Memoirs of a historian. Zaporozhye: Helvetica Publishing House, 2023. 400 p.]

Dmytro Chornyi — 2024-12-23

Book review:
"... SEE LIVE PEOPLE...": TIMES, CITIES, EVENTS EYES OF THE HISTORIAN [Turchenko F. G. Before the challenges of the era. Memoirs of a historian. Zaporozhye: Helvetica Publishing House, 2023. 400 p.]

Voices of Mariupol-2022: cultural-anthropological profile of oral historical statements. Book review: Voices of war. Mariupol / edit. Denis Volokha; NGO "Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group". Kharkiv: Human Rights Publishing House LLC, 2023. 276 p.

Dmytro Krasikov — 2024-12-23

Aim: to analyse 24 interviews included to the book «Voices of the War. Mariupol» compiled by Denys Volokha and published by CO «Kharkiv right defense group» in 2023 (276 pages) under the angle of cultural anthropology and to discover typical strategies and tactics of survival in extreme conditions of russian-Ukrainian war as well as to record the facts of actualisation of folklore consciousness and turning to Ukrainian folk culture traditions and historical experience of people who survived World War II, the famine of 1946-1947 and the hardships of the 1950s.

IХ All-Ukrainian Scientific Conference “Theoretical and Applied Aspects of Biography Studies: to the 170th anniversary of the birth of Mykola Fedorovych Sumtsov”

Natalia Aksyonova — 2024-12-23

May 10, 2024 at Kharkiv National University named after V. N. The IX All-Ukrainian Scientific Conference "Theoretical and Applied Aspects of Biography: To the 170th Anniversary of the Birth of Mykola Fedorovych Sumtsov" was held in Karazin. The event was dedicated to the memory of an outstanding historian, ethnographer, museum worker, graduate and professor of Kharkiv University, who made an invaluable contribution to the study of the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of Slobozhanshchyna.