V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University Bulletin ‘History of Ukraine. Ukrainian Studies: Historical and Philosophical Sciences’

Teachers of the Ukrainian Higher (High) Pedagogical Institute Named M. Draghomanova in Prague (1923–1933): a Short Tour of Traced and Untracted Fate.

Olga Zubko — 2024-02-13

The purpose of the article. Analysis of the completeness of biographies of full-time and part-time staff of the Ukrainian Higher (Higher) Pedagogical Institute named after M. Drahomanov in Prague and its subsidiary institution – Matriculation courses.

Research methodology. The research used general scientific and special historical methods. In particular, methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization and classification.

The scientific novelty of the study is an illustration of the life paths of emigrants in the context of historical analysis. In the Ukrainian Higher (Higher) Pedagogical Institute named after During the ten years of its activity, M. Drahomanov employed ninety-two specialists, eighty of whom were Ukrainians. Many of them also worked in the staff of the Maturation courses, which were attached to the institute in 1923. Out of eighty Ukrainian biographies, eighteen remain unresearched.

Conclusions. In the conditions of todayʼs realities, scientific research is important, first of all, because many names return to history, which require a detailed understanding of their status, namely: a hero, a pioneer or a luminary.

Mykyta Shapoval as a leader of the Ukrainian emigration in interwar Czechoslovakia.

Angela Savchenko — 2024-02-13

The purpose of the article. On the basis of historical sources and archival materials, highlight the activities of Mykyta Shapoval as a leader of Ukrainian emigration in Czechoslovakia in the period 1921-1932, analyze his role and significance in the foundation and development of Ukrainian educational, scientific, and cultural institutions in the Czechoslovak SSR.
The research methodology. Methods of analysis and synthesis, cause-and-effect relationships were used, principles of objectivity were applied.
The scientific novelty. On the example of the figure of Mykyta Shapoval, for the first time, the problem of the role of the individual, leadership in the organization of full-fledged life activities of the Ukrainian community in emigration, provision of its basic educational, cultural, household, sports development and medical services, the issue of political unity and cohesion in the Ukrainian community in the conditions of forced resettlement to Czechoslovakia.
Conclusions. During the interwar period, the Ukrainian emigration in Czechoslovakia was able to preserve and realize itself as a powerful national center with Ukrainian educational, scientific, cultural institutions and institutions, preserve its own national identity, develop independently, and also make its contribution to the development of the cities and towns of Czechoslovakia, which became instead of its compact settlement. Such a high result is to a large extent the personal merit of Mykyta Shapoval and the Ukrainian Public Committee created on his initiative.

The role of Nykyfor Hryhoriyv in the organizational and educational activities of the Ukrainian Public Committee in the Czechoslovak Republic.

Olga Sukhobokova — 2024-02-13

Purpose. Analysis of Nykyfor Hryhoriyv's contribution to the organizational and educational activities of the Ukrainian Public Committee in the Czechoslovak Republic.

The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity and systematicity. The use of problem-chronological and complex approaches, comparative and analytical methods made it possible to determine the conceptual foundations and practical implementation of N. Hryhoriyv's vision of building a Ukrainian educational center in the Czechoslovak Republic.

Scientific novelty. For the first time, the organizational activity of Nykyfor Hryhoriyv in the Ukrainian Public Committee in the field of Ukrainian education in the Czechoslovak Republic is holistically considered as a separate subject of research.

The relevance of the research is determined by the formulation of the question and its comprehensive consideration within specific chronological and spatial boundaries. His efforts in the organization of Ukrainian higher educational institutions under the Ukrainian Public Committee (Ukrainian Academy of Economics in Podyebrady and Ukrainian Higher Pedagogical Institute named after M. Drahomanov in Prague), professional education within the framework of the Ukrainian Peasant Union and publication of educational literature are considered as purposeful work on the formation of national-patriotic position of the Ukrainian community in exile and the training of a new generation of fighters for the independence of Ukraine.

Conclusions. The organizational and educational activity of Nykyfor Hryhoriyv, as one of the founders and leaders of the Ukrainian Public Committee in the Czechoslovak Republic, was an organic continuation of his previous activities and the course of uniting Ukrainians abroad around one of the priority tasks of social construction – the formation of the future intellectual and professional elites, builders of the Ukrainian state, primarily teachers and specialists in various branches of the economy. Thus, according to his conviction, Ukrainian refugees acquired a European-level education with Ukrainian national-patriotic education and specialties needed for their homeland. And therefore, they used the time of their stay in emigration with the greatest benefit for the future development of their homeland.

Families of mirnyh and Khilchevsk: to the new facts of the biography

Olena Potapenko — 2024-02-13

Research aim. The article attempts to establish some facts about the early life of public figures: the spouses of Zinaida Vasylivna Mirna (Khilchevska) and Ivan Ivanovich Mirny. The author refutes some false statements regarding the milestones of Zinaida Myrna's biography, in particular, about the place and date of her birth, religion; more facts about her family have been clarified.

Research methodology includes general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis) and the main methods of historical research: historical-comparative and historical-genetic.

The scientific novelty. For the first time, metrical records were introduced into scientific circulation, which shed light on the early life of public figure Zinaida Vasylivna Mirnaya and her family.

The relevance of the article lies in the deepening of knowledge about the figures of the Ukrainian diaspora movement, the integration of biographical information found in local studies, the formation of the basis for commemorating the memory of the fighters for the independence of Ukraine in the 20th century.

Conclusions. It was found out that the Khilchevski family, from which the public member of the Ukrainian Central Council Zinaida Vasylivna Khilchevska originates, is from the Chernihiv province, where her parents lived and worked. The exact date of her birth was confirmed, false statements about her religion were denied.

Mykhailo Mukhyn and the journal “Nova Ukraina”: pseudonyms and cryptonyms

Valeriy Vlasenko — 2024-02-18

Purpose. This study aims to integrate the pseudonyms and codenames used by the renowned Ukrainian journalist and literary critic, Mykhailo Mukhyn, into scholarly discourse. These aliases were employed by Mukhyn during the publication of his materials in the pages of the Prague-based journal "Nova Ukraina" (1922-1928).

Methodology. The research methodology is grounded in the scientific principles of historicism, objectivity, and systematic analysis. Employing general scientific methods such as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and comparison, as well as specialized historical methods like historical-comparative, historical-typological, and biographical approaches, alongside source-critical methods including archeographic and archival heuristics and source criticism, the study successfully identified, analyzed, and introduced into scholarly circulation a letter from Mykhailo Mukhyn. This letter played a crucial role in determining his pseudonyms and codenames.

Scientific novelty. The introduction of Mykhailo Mukhyn's letter to the co-editor of the journal "Nova Ukraina," Mykyta Shapoval, facilitated the clarification of Mukhyn's pseudonyms and codenames, consequently attributing authorship to numerous materials published in the journal.

The relevance. The significance arises from the author's goal of defining the creative legacy of journalist and literary critic Mykhailo Mukhyn within the pages of the journal "Nova Ukraina," co-edited by Mykyta Shapoval and Volodymyr Vynnychenko.

Conclusions. The examination and publication of Mykhailo Mukhyn's letter to Mykyta Shapoval dated March 29, 1926, provided insight into the broad and diverse spectrum of Mukhin's creative contributions to the Prague-based journal "Nova Ukraina". In addition to Mukhyn's publications signed with his own name, the periodical featured numerous articles, reviews, critiques, and announcements under pseudonyms such as "Kyіanyn", "K.", "K-n" or without a signature.

Mention of Vasyl Karazin on the pages of the Ukrainian newspaper "Svoboda" in the USA.

Victor Grinchenko — 2024-02-13

The aim of the study. Highlight and analyze diverse information about the life and activities of Vasyl Nazarovych Karazin (1773–1842) as reflected throughout the pages of the Ukrainian newspaper Svoboda published in the USA.

Research methodology. The principles of historicism, objectivity, comprehensiveness and integrity in study of the source, as well as the approaches used in modern biographical studies, are applied. Methods used: descriptive, analysis and synthesis, historical and comparative, historical-biographical, prosopographical.

Academic novelty. The materials presented in this publication can serve as a certain supplement to existing studies in highlighting the historiographical image of Vasyl Karazin in the intellectual environment of the Western Ukrainian diaspora.

Conclusions. It has been established that publications presenting facts and analytical judgments about the life and activities of V. N. Karazin, which varied in scope and content, were printed in the Ukrainian newspaper Svoboda published in the United States, starting from the mid-1930s until the beginning of the 21st century. The relevant materials mainly reflected the tendency to evaluate him as a prominent and conscious Ukrainian, the “architect” of the Ukrainian Revival, who in every way sought to work for the good of Ukraine, trying to direct it to the European path of development. There are good reasons to believe that this position exerted a dominant influence on the formation of the image of Vasyl Karazin among the readers of the Svoboda newspaper in the USA as part of the Ukrainian diaspora community. The point of view of the authors who stuck to somewhat different views and attributed only regional, Sloboda Ukrainian patriotism to V. N. Karazin, was mentioned only in passing.

The phenomenon of religious dispute as missionary activity (on the example of Kharkiv province at the beginning of the XX centure).

Viacheslav Pototsky — 2024-02-13

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to highlight the process of expanding the practice of conducting religious disputes in the Kharkov province at the beginning of the 20th century. Public discussions between Orthodox missionaries and representatives of local sectarianism and Old Believers are considered as one of the forms of complex interfaith relationships in the region.

Research methodology. The methodological basis of the article are the principles of historicism and objectivity, implemented by general logical methods (analysis and synthesis), as well as classification, comparative, and periodization methods.

Scientific novelty. For the first time in domestic historiography the intellectual component of the practical activity of functionaries of the internal mission of the Russian Orthodox Church in a certain diocese became the subject of a special scientific study. On the basis of missionary reports, as well as reports of secular publicists and messages from sectarians, the role of the organizers of these disputes was considered, the range of issues under consideration was outlined, and the peculiarities of the behavior of the participants were analyzed.

Conclusions. At the beginning of the 20th century, the inter-confessional situation in the Kharkiv province noticeably worsened. There were numerous cases of disrespect for Orthodox priests, blasphemy and even violence committed by sectarians of various directions. The same way, representatives of the religious majority very often resorted to aggressive behavior. New missionaries I. Aivazov and D. Bogolyubov tried to return from the confrontation to the competition of ideas. It is they who took the initiative to conduct public debates between representatives of the official church and adherents of other religious movements. This became especially relevant after the laws of 1905-1906 declaring freedom of conscience in the Russian Empire. The new practice quickly aroused sincere interest and won the sympathy of a wide range of residents of the Kharkiv province. These meetings usually attracted many spectators, were covered in the press, and discussed on the streets. However, the main drawback of such debates was the subjectivity of the perception of their results by the representatives of the opposing sides, when in the absence of clear criteria for victory, everyone could attribute success in the contest.

Historical policy as a tool for changing the ethnocultural situation in Silesia

Vsevolod Serhiienko — 2024-02-13

This article examines the impact of historical policy on the ethnocultural situation in the Silesian region. The article analyzes various aspects of political decisions that influence the formation and transformation of ethnic and cultural identities in this region during different historical periods. Special attention is paid to the role of state institutions, legislation, and historical narratives in creating or changing ethnic boundaries and cultural practices.

The article examines critical stages of Silesian history, including periods of political transformation and conflict that impacted the distribution of ethnic groups and their cultural identity. A comparative analysis of the strategies used by the authorities to change the ethno-cultural landscape is carried out, taking into account the positive and negative consequences of these interventions. The study results indicate the importance of historical policy as an instrument of active intervention in ethnocultural processes, and also emphasize the need to take this influence into account when developing modern political strategies in the context of regional development and multiculturalism.