V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University Bulletin ‘History of Ukraine. Ukrainian Studies: Historical and Philosophical Sciences’

Ideological and political attitudes in Yekterinoslav dioceses at the beginning of the 20th century

2023-06-14T16:48:29+00:00

The purpose. The research intent of the study is to show the specifics of the ideological atmosphere in the Eparchy of Katerynoslav, as well as to highlight certain aspects of the relationship between the church corporation of the eparchy and imperial-patriotic organizations around the «Jewish threat».

Scientific novelty. The evolution of the attitude of the Katerynoslav church community, represented by the diocesan publication, towards anti-Semitic policy is shown: from condemnation of mass violence, favorable attitude towards political and linguistic freedoms, to approval of pogroms and anti-Semitic propaganda. This evolution is connected with the post-revolutionary reaction of tsarism, which reached its apogee in 1912-1913, the church actually synchronized anti-Semitic speeches in its press with the processes of Governmental anti-Semitism.

Conclusions. The anti-Semitic church campaign is directly related to serving the election campaign of extreme right-wing forces to the State Duma in 1912. At the same time, the relations of church leaders with the secular Black Hundreds («chornosotentsi») were not cloudless, positions did not coincide on many issues, in particular, the local church took a more conservative position regarding the conduct of religious freedom in society, and the Black Hundreds accused their church allies of pro-Jewish sympathies. The topic needs further research with the involvement of materials from the regional archives of southern Ukraine.

Land ordering in the land communities of Dniper Ukraine in 1922–1930

2023-06-14T16:48:30+00:00

Research aim. To analyze the process of land management and land management in the land communities of Dnieper Ukraine in the 1920s.

Methodology of the research. The research used general scientific and special historical methods. The study of historiography required the use of methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, and classification. The use of the statistical method made it possible to obtain generalized indicators, to study the dynamics and changes in the process of land management. The study of minutes of general meetings of land communities, letters and complaints to authorities required the use of methods of systematization, typology and classification.

The scientific novelty. Justification of the concept of the organization and activities of the Institute of the Land Community of the Dnieper Ukraine, the essence of which is that the Institute of the Land Community of the Dnieper Ukraine in 1917–1930 was based on the historical traditions of the Ukrainian people; was a self-governing, self-regulating organization; played a significant role in the economic and social life of the village. The experience of the land community can be used to preserve the peasantry as a stratum of Ukrainian society. The experience of land communities in the process of dividing and organizing land will be useful in the conditions of the introduction of the land market in modern Ukraine.

Conclusions. During the land management, the peasants gained the opportunity to correct the shortcomings of traditional forms of land use, which led to a noticeable decrease in cross-strip and distant land in peasant farms. The elimination of negative factors of land management created favorable conditions for the reorganization and intensification of peasant farms. Improved crop rotations were introduced, the areas of intensive crops increased, which had a positive effect on productivity

Serhii Pylypenko is a "student of the revolution". The Ukrainian writer's years of study at St. Volodymyr University

2023-06-14T16:48:31+00:00

Purpose: based on sources of personal origin, archival documents and historiographical achievements, to investigate the student years of study at the University of St. Volodymyr of the Ukrainian writer and public figure Serhii Volodymyrovych Pylypenko.

The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity and systematicity, which made it possible to consider the processes of development of Ukrainian higher education at the beginning of the 20th century. Relying on the deductive method and establishing cause-and-effect relationships, it was possible to analyze the impact of the scientific and educational process on the development of the personality of Serhiy Pylypenko as a representative of the Ukrainian national elite in the 1920s –1930s.

Scientific novelty. For the first time in historiography. comprehensively analyzed the student years of one of the key figures of the Ukrainian cultural life of the first third of the 20th century. – Serhiy Pylypenko, as a stage in the formation of his personality and creative genius. The influence of higher education in the revolutionary years on the formation of the constellation of the Ukrainian national elite was traced through a specific anthropometric measurement.

The relevance stems from the task of comprehensively defining the role and place of the representatives of the "Shooted Revival" in the development of Ukrainian cultural life in the first third of the last century during complex revolutionary and state-building processes. The formation and development of the personal and creative potential of the Ukrainian national elite dates back to the beginning of the 20th century. and requires a careful study of the synthesis of educational influence and revolutionary events on the construction of the creative layer, which later became the driving force of the Ukrainian National Renaissance.

Conclusions. Sources of personal origin, "Personal file of a student of the University of St. Volodymyr Serhiy Pylypenko" and other documents covered in as much detail as possible the peculiarities of student life and the educational process in one of the most powerful educational institutions of the Kyiv region at the beginning of the 20th century. The analysis made it possible to single out both the general features of the years of "revolutionary studentship" in the 1910s, which played their role in the formation of the Ukrainian national elite as a whole, and to determine their influence on the formation of the personality of the "ploughman" of Ukrainian literature Serhiy Pylypenko.

Interesting facts from the daily life of Ukrainian emigrants in interwar Czechoslovachchyna (1921 – 1939)

2023-06-14T16:48:33+00:00

The purpose of the article. This article contains information about interesting facts from the lives of Ukrainian emigrants who ended up in interwar Czechoslovachcyna in the early 1920s. Ukrainian emigrants went abroad as a result of the defeat of the national‑liberation struggle of 1917-1921. The following went abroad: former military personnel of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR), the West Ukrainian People's Republic (ZUPR), the Kuban People's Republic (KPR); government officials of the UPR, ZUPR, KPR; employees of foreign representative offices of the latter - diplomatic, political, economic, sanitary missions; civilians. The publication is based on the memories and memoirs of emigrants.

Interesting facts from the lives of Dmytro Chyzhevsky, Andriy Makarenko, Serhii Shelukhin, Dmytro Antonovych, Trokhym Pasichnyk, Oleksandr Oles, Fedir Slyusarenko are presented among the figures of the Ukrainian People's Republic. Interesting facts from the life of Stepan Rudnytskyi and Nestor Nyzhankivskyi are presented among ZUPR figures. Hryhoriy Omelchenko is represented among the figures of the Kuban People's Republic.

The research methodology involves the application of the principles of critical analysis and comparison.

The scientific novelty of the research is the display of worldview and human behavior in the center of historical analysis

Conclusions. This scientific research is important for three reasons. First, it is relevant not as a dry biographical reference, but as an object with which every person can identify himself. Secondly, interesting patterns of the era of the 1920s and 1930s emerge, which allow a better understanding of the era itself (scientific and technical innovations, fashion, food, music and book preferences, etc.). Thirdly, the history of Ukrainian emigration in the interwar Czechoslovak SSR contains specific life-tested recipes for survival in difficult times.

The story of three letters. Spiritual relay of the generations. V. N. Karazin – E. I. Koltunovsky – M. F. Sumtsov

2023-06-14T16:48:34+00:00

Goal: based on private letters of V.N.Karazin to E.I. Koltunovsky, published by M.F. Sumtsov, supplement the biography of M.F. Sumtsov, investigate his origin, influence on the formation of his scientific views E.I. Koltunovsky, supplement the biography of V.N. Karazin with little-known facts of the latter year of his life in Kharkov, to introduce the reader to the figure of the talented artist E. I. Koltunovsky, once famous in Kharkov, the author of the only portrait of V. N. Karazin in his old age.

Research methodology: the principles of historicism and objectivity, embodied by the application of special historical methods - chronological and retrospective.

Scientific novelty.For the first time, information about the family of M. F. Sumtsov's mother is published, the family and scientific connections of M. F. Sumtsov with E. I. Koltunovsky are investigated, the biography of V. N. Karazin is supplemented with the facts of the last year of his stay in Kharkov, brief information about of the talented icon painter E. I. Koltunovskyi and his contribution to the creation of the cultural face of Kharkiv, traced the spiritual relay of generations of cultural figures who were closely associated with Kharkiv University.

Topicality.Creating and supplementing the scientific biography of outstanding figures of culture, science and art is always an important topic of historical research. In 2023, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University and the Ukrainian scientific community will celebrate the 250th anniversary of the birth of the university's founder Vasyl Nazarovych Karazin. Therefore, supplementing the scientific biography of a scientist with new facts is an interesting and relevant topic. It is interesting to trace the spiritual relay between representatives of three generations of Kharkiv cultural figures.

Conclusions. The little-known pages of the biographies of the founder of Kharkiv University V. N. Karazin, academician, professor of Kharkiv University, founder and first director of the Kharkiv Historical Museum M. F. Sumtsov and famous Ukrainian icon painter E. I. Koltunovskyi were studied. The authors studied the issue of scientific and personal connections between Karazin and Koltunovsky and between Koltunovsky and Sumtsov, which made it possible to trace the spiritual relay of different generations of these figures of Ukrainian culture and science. On the basis of three letters from Karazin to Koltunovsky, which were introduced into scientific circulation by M. F. Sumtsov, it was possible to reproduce some facts of the last year of the life of the founder of Kharkiv University, and a little-known portrait of Karazin in his old age, painted by Koltunovsky during the events in question, was also researched language in letters. As a result of the research, new facts were established about Sumtsov's origin, his belonging to the ancient noble family of the Koltunovskys. The continuation of the search and processing of new materials related to the biography of M.F. Sumtsov will reveal the scientific potential of this person even more fully, and will complement his contribution to the cultural development of Slobozhanshchyna.

Religious images in the scientific works by Mykhailo Maksymovych

2023-06-14T16:48:36+00:00

Purpose. The paper deals with the religious images in the works by Mykhailo Maksymovych, a famous Ukrainian botanist, folklorist, linguist, historian, and the first rector of the University in Kyiv.

Methods. The methodological foundation became the approaches of the Cambridge School of intellectual history, theorising in cultural memory and quantitative content analysis with MAXQDA-2022. The study is based on the scholar's published works, memoirs, letters, and unpublished texts, saved in the Institution of Manuscript of Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine (Kyiv).

Results. It is shown that the attitude of Mykhailo Maksymovych to the demarcation problem of knowledge and faith was the result of his religiosity combined with Mykhailo Maksymovych’s fascination with Friedrich Schelling’s ideas. The scholar perceived the Bible as a relevant description of human history's “factual” dimension. Mykhailo Maksymovych was a representative of the “philosophy of the heart”, widespread in Ukrainian intellectual life of that period.

Conclusions. Mykhailo Maksymovych’s religiosity, combined with the features of Romanticism, caused his views on Ukrainian distinctiveness.

Universities of the Russian empire in the life and works of M. Kostomarov

2023-06-14T16:48:37+00:00

The purpose of the article is to determine the role of Universities of the Russian Empire in the life and work of the famous historian and ethnographer M. Kostomarov, and on the other hand to show how his multilateral activities influenced the development of the higher education system in the country. This analysis is accompanied by our comments on discrepancies in biographical facts in sources and literature.

The research methodology consists of general scientific principles of historicism and objectivity, special historical methods, in particular problem-chronological, problem-historiographic, historical-comparative, historical-genetic , historical-typological, as well as biographical approach.

Scientific novelty. The role of Universities of the Russian Empire in the life and work of the famous historian and ethnographer M. Kostomarov is clarified; the influence of his pedagogical work on the higher education in the country is shown; several discrepancies in the sources are commented on.

The results. The article examines the role of universities of the Russian Empire in the life and work of the famous historian and ethnographer M. Kostomarov. In particular, the role of Kharkiv University in the formation of M. Kostomarov as a young scientist is shown in detail. Kharkiv University played the greatest role in the development of M. Kostomarov as the scientist. M. Kostomarov’s studies at this university, and especially the defense of both master’s theses of the young scientist, were accompanied by artificial obstacles. Not only ill-wishers, but also M. Kostomarov himself is to blame for creating problems (with obtaining a candidate’s diploma, with defending both master’s theses.

A certain role in the intellectual biography of M. Kostomarov was played by Moscow University. M. Kostomarov’s listening to lectures by Moscow university professors in 1838 was temporary and situational. In our opinion, this was a search for support among the local professorship in a scientific career, in the preparation and defense of a master’s thesis.

Short periods of lecturing at Kiev (1846-1847) and St. Petersburg (1859-1862) universities were held in more favorable conditions. But the termination of teaching at the Kiev University of St. Vladimir logically ended with the arrest in the case of the Secret Society of Cyril and Methodius. Kostomarov’s lecturing activity at St. Petersburg University ended with a student boycott. In our opinion, both sides were guilty of the conflict.

The unreliable historian’s attempts to find a job after exile at Kazan, Kharkiv and Kiev universities were unsuccessful due primarily to subjective factors.

These difficulties enriched his life experience, allowed him to get to know the academic environment better, showed him that scientific activity is inseparable from struggle in a professional environment.

Kostomarov devoted his life to education and science. 5 universities of the Russian Empire played a role in the life of an outstanding historian, in three of them he managed to work. For a teacher and scientist, university life is the main, most valuable part of his intellectual biography. At the same time, М. Kostomarov’s teaching activity has become an important fragment in the history of the above-mentioned universities.

The Trypillia in the historiosophy of Yury Lypa

2023-06-14T16:48:39+00:00

The purpose of the article. Elucidation of the views of the Ukrainian publicist, historiographer, geopolitician Yury Lypa (1900–1944) on Trypil archaeological culture, which were formed mainly under the influence of the Ukrainian archaeologist, ethnologist, and art critic Vadym Shcherbakivskyi (1876–1957).

The research methodology involves the application of the principles of critical analysis and comparison.

Scientific novelty. Borrowings and innovations regarding the interpretation of Tryplian archaeological culture in Lypov historiosophy are taken into account. Yuri Lypaʼs reasoning regarding the significance of the culture of painted ceramics in the ethnogenesis, character, traditions, even in the forms of social organization and political actions of Ukrainians, as well as the social significance of the results of Trypilian researches, is clarified. The Tripoli component of Yuri Lypaʼs concept in his book «The Destiny of Ukraine» (1938) is singled out, the relevant terms and concepts used in the concept are identified and interpreted. The conclusions of modern Tripille studies are given incidentally.

Conclusions. The proposed article is one of the attempts to answer the question: Was Yuri Lypa a scientist or a creator of a national myth?

Byzantine Studies in dissertations produced by Ukrainian scholars, 2012–2022 (Historical Sciences)

2023-06-14T16:48:40+00:00

The article reviews the dissertations on Byzantine studies, which have been defended in Ukraine over the past decade in historical specialties within the field of “historical sciences”. Byzantine studies in Ukraine, as in previous periods, continue to develop in institutional centers, among which are V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, M. S. Grushevsky Institute of Ukrainian Archeography and Source Studies NASU, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, National Reserve “Sophia of Kyiv”, I. I. Mechnikov Odessa National University etc. The range of dissertations of an interdisciplinary nature is expanding, in particular, historical, theological, historical and philosophical topics are gaining popularity, and art criticism and musicology are becoming popular.

The review identifies the reasons for the reduction in the number of defended dissertations in Byzantine studies during 2012–2022 in the comparison to previous periods. However, the studies presented in the review are original, based on the latest methods and achievements of world science, and they also determine further vectors of the development of Ukrainian Byzantine studies in the near future.

VII All-Ukrainian Scientific Conference "Theoretical and applied aspects of biography: to the 205th anniversary of the birth of Mykola Kostomarov"

2023-06-14T16:48:40+00:00

16 травня 2022 р. виповнилося 205 років від дня народження виданого українського історика, етнографа, літератора, громадського діяча Миколи Івановича Костомарова (1817–1885). Цей випускник Харківського університету увійшов в історію вітчизняної науки як основоположник народницького напряму в українській історіографії, в історію культури – як представник гуртка харківських романтиків і один з тих, хто вперше зайнявся збором і популяризацією українського фольклору, а в історію громадської думки – як один з фундаторів Кирило-Мефодіївського братства, першої української таємної організації, якій належить визначне місце у становленні української ідеї та розвитку національної політичної й історичної думки.