PROBLEMS OF URBANIZATION AND DEURBANIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY

Abstract

The features of the urbanization process in the modern world are considered. The demographic and historical prerequisites of urbanization in the industrial era (on the example of Europe) are highlighted in a historical retrospective. It was found that successful and rapid urbanization in Europe during the modern era became possible due to the surplus of the rural population, industrial demand for labor, and the existence of effective state and municipal management. The main prerequisites for deurbanization (ruralization) in modern developed regions are presented. It is shown that deurbanization (ruralization) in developed regions is a serious problem due to possible large-scale negative consequences for entire regions of the world, which is considered within the framework of international security. Specific features of the urbanization process in developing regions are analyzed; attention is focused on the fact that the process of urbanization in these regions is largely due to demographic pressure combined with the absence of demand for this size of the workforce in cities and with the absence of effective state / municipal institutions and infrastructure. Dangerous consequences for developing states and regions of a socio-political and economic nature from such a rapid urbanization are considered. The peculiarity of deurbanization in the developed regions of the world and the rapid urbanization of a significant part of the developing regions are revealed. It is shown that such opposite tendencies as deurbanization (ruralization) in developed regions and the process of rapid urbanization in developing regions is a deviation from the balanced model of urbanization that was formed during the modern era, and pose a risk and threat to national, regional and international security , since they create imbalances that can cause socio-political and economic instability in states and regions.