THE ORGANIZATION AND CONDUCT OF ELECTIONS TO LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AFTER THE TERMINATION OF MARTIAL LAW IN UKRAINE: PROBLEMS, CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES

Abstract

Introduction. The article discusses the issue of holding local elections after the termination of martial law as an important stage in the restoration of democracy and political stability. The author considers the need to take into account security challenges, reintegration of the affected territories, and protection of voting rights, in particular of internally displaced persons. Attention is focused on improving the electoral legislation, adapting voting mechanisms, and preventing external interference, which will contribute to the country's democratic development and social reconciliation.

Summary of the main results of the study. It is noted that the 2020 local elections in Ukraine took place in the context of decentralization and administrative reform, which led to changes in the composition of local councils. The use of a proportional electoral system with open lists proved to be only partially effective, as parties were able to independently form the order of candidates, and the need to reach 25% of the electoral quota made it difficult to change their order. The introduction of gender quotas contributed to an increase in the representation of women in local councils but was accompanied by significant implementation difficulties. The election results showed an increase in the influence of local political parties, which underscores the need for further improvement of the electoral legislation. The local elections on October 25, 2020, saw a record voter turnout of only 36.88%, largely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The highest voter activity was observed in the western regions of the country, while in the eastern regions, the level of voting participation was significantly lower. The main factors behind the low turnout were health problems, voters not living at their place of registration, and the general passivity of citizens.

Conclusion. After the end of the war in Ukraine, it will be necessary to hold national and local elections to restore democratic processes, ensuring their compliance with European standards. The electoral process should take place no later than 90 days after the termination or lifting of martial law, with a special focus on organizing voting in the liberated territories. Important tasks include legislative regulation of the restriction of the voting rights of persons involved in treason and collaboration, as well as the issue of dual citizenship. Remote voting requires reliable security mechanisms in line with EU standards. In addition, discrimination against Ukrainians forced to leave the country should be prevented by introducing alternative forms of voting. Overall, the elections should be held with due regard to the new challenges caused by the war and occupation.