Нематоди у вирощуванні чаю: патогенез та захисні реакції рослин (огляд)

Ключові слова: Camellia sinensis, рослинні паразитичні нематоди, захист рослин, вторинні метаболіти, інтегрова-на боротьба зі шкідниками

Анотація

Мета. Визначити складний зв'язок між чайними рослинами та важливими рослинними паразитичними нематодами, зосереджуючись на серйозній шкоді, яку ці шкідники завдають корінню, також складні захисні стратегії, що використовуються чайними рослинами, зокрема їхній синтез захисних вторинних метаболітів для боротьби з атаками нематод.

Результати. Фітопаразитичні нематоди становлять серйозну економічну загрозу для Camellia sinensis, найважливішої чайної культури у світі, що призводить до втрат врожаю на 11–55% та до 1 мільярда доларів щорічно. Затримка росту, в'янення та зниження врожаю чаю спричинені близько 80 видами нематод, які пошкоджують коріння, включаючи Pratylen-chus, Radopholus, Meloidogyne та Hemicriconemoides. Через свою нерухомість чайні рослини розвинули складні захисні механізми. До них належать утворення нематоцидних вторинних метаболітів (поліфенолів, алкалоїдів, терпеноїдів), системні сигнальні шляхи, що запускаються фітогормонами (етилен, жасмонат та саліцилова кислота), що активують захисні гени, та фізичні бар'єри, такі як лігнін та суберин у клітинних стінках. Контроль нематод також здійснюється корисними ґрунтовими бактеріями.

Висновки. Для сталого управління важливо розуміти взаємозв'язки. Щоб забезпечити економічне майбутнє чайного бізнесу, майбутні дослідження повинні використовувати природні захисні механізми для покращення комплексної боротьби зі шкідниками.

Завантаження

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Біографії авторів

G. Sharma, Коледж Калімпонг, Калімпонг, Західна Бенгалія, Індія

Викладач кафедри зоології

R. Routh , Коледж Калімпонг, Калімпонг, Західна Бенгалія, Індія

Доцент кафедри зоології

A. Chhetri , Коледж Калімпонг, Калімпонг, Західна Бенгалія, Індія

Викладач кафедри зоології

G. Barman , Коледж Калімпонг, Калімпонг, Західна Бенгалія, Індія

Доцент кафедри зоології

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Опубліковано
2025-12-30
Як цитувати
Sharma, G., Routh , R., Chhetri , A., & Barman , G. (2025). Нематоди у вирощуванні чаю: патогенез та захисні реакції рослин (огляд). Людина та довкілля. Проблеми неоекології, (44), 249-258. https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4224-2025-44-19
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Сільськогосподарські дослідження