Man and Environment. Issues of Neoecology
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/humanenviron
<div id="maintext"> <p>The journal highlights the results of fundamental and applied ecological research in various fields of geography, ecology, and agriculture.</p> <p>The Journal is a professional publication in the field of science: 10 Natural sciences by specialties: 101 Ecology, 103 Earth sciences; 20 Agricultural sciences and food by specialties: 201 Agronomy, 205 Forestry. MES Ukraine Order № 409 of 17/03/2020</p> <p>Media identifier in the Register of the field of Media Entities: R30-04454 (Decision № 1538 dated May 9, 2024 of the National Council of Television and Radio Broadcasting of Ukraine, Protocol № 15<em>)</em></p> <p><em>For specialists, scientists and researchers working in the domain of environmental protection as well as for lecturers, BSc, MSc and PhD students of higher educational institutions <span id="result_box" lang="en">without any restrictions</span></em></p> <div class="grm"> </div> </div>V.N.Karazin Kharkiv National Universityen-USMan and Environment. Issues of Neoecology1992-4224<p>Authors reserve the right of attribution for the submitted manuscript, while transferring to the Journal the right to publish the article under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)</a>. This license allows free distribution of the published work under the condition of proper attribution of the original authors and the initial publication source (i.e. the Journal)</p> <p>Authors have the right to enter into separate agreements for additional non-exclusive distribution of the work in the form it was published in the Journal (such as publishing the article on the institutional website or as a part of a monograph), provided the original publication in this Journal is properly referenced</p> <p>The Journal allows and encourages online publication of the manuscripts (such as on personal web pages), even when such a manuscript is still under editorial consideration, since it allows for a productive scientific discussion and better citation dynamics (see <a href="http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html" target="_new">The Effect of Open Access</a>).</p>Prediction of oxygen regime indicators in Danube river
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/humanenviron/article/view/24665
<p><strong>Purpose.</strong> To identify the dynamics of the oxygen regime of the Danube River and to develop a model for forecasting the oxygen regime of the Danube based on the analysis of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and reaeration processes, taking into account the multifactorial influence of ecological, hydrological, and anthropogenic factors.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>. Statistical, the Streeter-Phelps mathematical model was applied.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>. The study used long-term data from the state monitoring of water resources of the Danube River on indicators of dissolved oxygen (DO) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). The research showed an overall improvement in the oxygen regime of the Danube River during the period 2004–2023. All observation points demonstrated a stable increase in DO levels, especially after 2020, which may indicate a reduction in organic pollution. Seasonal analysis revealed that DO levels increase in the cold period and decrease in the warm period due to heightened biological activity. The Streeter-Phelps model confirmed its ability to predict the dynamics of DO and BOD5 with acceptable accuracy, although discrepancies were observed in some years due to short-term fluctuations in organic loading.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>. The results of the study confirmed the effectiveness of using the Streeter-Phelps model to forecast the oxygen indicators of the Danube River. The forecast data can be used to assess the ecological state of the river, plan measures to improve water quality, and manage water resources. The developed recommendations will help minimize the risks of oxygen deficiency and support the preservation of ecological balance in the Danube River basin.</p>V. L. BezsonnyiO. V. TretyakovA. N. NekosYe. V. Chistov
Copyright (c) 2024 Bezsonnyi, V. L., Tretyakov, O. V., Nekos, A. N., & Chistov, Ye. V.
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2024-11-282024-11-284262310.26565/1992-4224-2024-42-01Impact of construction on landscapes of the forest-step zone of Ukraine
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/humanenviron/article/view/24666
<p><strong>Purpose.</strong> Analysis of the impact of the construction of quickly assembled buildings with different frames on living and inert landscape components in the conditions of the Western part of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine.</p> <p><strong>Methods.</strong> System analysis, engineering surveys, comparative geographical method, generalization, statistical method.</p> <p><strong>Results.</strong> Based on reports on the study of engineering-ecological and engineering-geological conditions of construction sites located in the Western part of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, the transformation of landscape components under the influence of the construction of quickly assembled buildings was analyzed, namely, the study of the violation of ties between living and inert landscape components: changes in the morphological structure of the soil cover, degradation of plant cover and changes in the water balance, which directly affect the functioning of landscapes, and can also serve as the basis for the implementation of geoecological measures aimed at reducing the negative impact of urbanization on the landscape structures of the forest-steppe. This will allow maintaining ecological sustainability and restoring the natural properties of soils and biocenoses within the studied territories.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions.</strong> The importance of taking into account the ecological features of the forest-steppe zone and the need for adaptive measures to protect and restore black soil soils in conditions of intensive construction have been determined.</p>S. P. SonkoI. D. Zelenchuk
Copyright (c) 2024 Sonko, S. P. & Zelenchuk, I. D.
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2024-11-282024-11-2842243410.26565/1992-4224-2024-42-02Modern approaches to monitoring the ecological condition of lake ecosystem waters
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/humanenviron/article/view/24667
<p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong> Purpose.</strong> Presentation of the results of the implementation of new approaches to monitoring indicators of the ecological state of water in lake ecosystems using the example of the Danube lakes with the use of modern express methods of determining individual ecological parameters and satellite information of the water bodies' water bodies.</p> <p><strong> Methods.</strong> Laboratory analysis of determining the concentration of chlorophyll-a according to DSTU 7.1. 4.02-90 "Water. Methodology for spectrophotometric determination of chlorophyll α", field measurements of water transparency with a standard Secchi disc, concentrations of chlorophyll-a, total suspended matter, spectral attenuation index using a portable hyperspectral radiometer WISP-3.</p> <p><strong> Results.</strong> In the summer of 2023, 2 expeditions were carried out to the Danube lakes Kahul, Yalpug-Kugurlui, Kytai, Kotlabukh. It was established that the results of observations of water quality indicators (chlorophyll-a concentration, total suspended matter, spectral light attenuation index), obtained with the WISP-3 hyperspectral radiometer, are in good agreement with each other and with the data of laboratory analysis of the measurement of chlorophyll-a concentration and water transparency. The possibility of using SENTINEL 2 MSI satellite images, processed using the C2X-COMPLEX Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP 9.0.0) to obtain operational information on the spatio-temporal variability of chlorophyll-a and the total suspended matter concentration in the Danube lakes was evaluated. It was established that there is a sufficiently good correlation (determination coefficient 0.9 and higher) between the measured and determined values of these indicators from satellite images. According to research in July 2023, it was established that the concentrations of chlorophyll-a in 2023 were higher than at the beginning of the 21st century (in 2001) in all lakes, which is an expected consequence of the replenishment of the lakes from large volumes of Danube water in the first half of 2023 after previous dry years. The greatest increase in concentrations occurred in Lake Kotlabukh.</p> <p><strong> Conclusions.</strong> It has been established that the SENTINEL-2 MSI satellite images processed with the C2X-COMPLEX processor can be successfully used for the ecological state monitoring of the Danube lakes, in particular, the operational assessment of the spatio-temporal variability of such water quality indicators as the concentration of chlorophyll-a, total suspended matter and degree water transparency with a spatial resolution of 20-60 m per pixel. The WISP-3 radiometer can be used for operational determination of water quality indicators in the Danube lakes during the environmental monitoring organization with the involvement of satellite information, in particular for the purpose of its verification based on field observation data.</p>Yu. S. TuchkovenkoV. А. OvcharukМ. О. MartyniukYe. І. GazyetovО. V. ZotovaV. M. KhokhlovD. JiangA. N. Tyler
Copyright (c) 2024 uchkovenko, Yu. S., Ovcharuk, V. А., Martyniuk, М. О., Gazyetov, Ye. І., Zotova, О. V., Khokhlov, V. M., Jiang, D., & Tyler, A. N.
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2024-11-282024-11-2842355010.26565/1992-4224-2024-42-03Conceptual basis for the search and eco-diagnostics of risk zones in watersheds
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/humanenviron/article/view/24669
<p><strong>Purpose.</strong> To develop and substantiate the conceptual basis of a new approach for ecological diagnostics of anthropogenic soil (land) pollution in “risk-critical zones” of ecological soil-water interactions within watersheds. This approach aims to optimize the integrated ecological management system, enhance nature protection, and improve environmental safety in Ukraine.</p> <p><strong>Methods.</strong> System analysis, comparative analysis-synthesis and evaluation to form a targeted spatial sampling; extrapolation and adaptive transfer of procedural-analytical approaches for diagnostic network selection; methods of conceptual design and visual representation.</p> <p><strong>Results.</strong> Based on a systematic analysis of publications from Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer, as well as domestic sources in the areas of soil and water pollution assessment with the identification of vulnerable (sensitive) territories and hot spots, priority management areas (APMA) and critical areas (CSA), an alternative conceptual basis for an approach to integrated environmental diagnostics of soil, surface and groundwater pollution is presented, which is preceded by an automated program search for hydrologically sensitive risk zones of ecological contact interaction of soil and water, which is important for ecological management and ecosystem restoration. The mechanism of spatial automated search of these zones is focused on the most vulnerable (hydrologically sensitive zones and territories), where the contact interaction of soil and water under conditions of soil pollution can create risks for the ecosystem and public health, starting from the scale of individual territorial communities.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions.</strong> Greater attention to hydrologically sensitive areas and soil-water interaction processes under conditions of pollution will allow controlling and reducing inter-environmental transfer of pollutants. The proposed concept in practical terms meets the goals of basin management and is designed to increase the environmental efficiency of land and water environmental policies as particularly important elements of managing the ecological safety of ecosystems.</p>M. T. Мykytsei
Copyright (c) 2024 Мykytsei, M. T.
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2024-11-282024-11-2842516910.26565/1992-4224-2024-42-04Assessment of the ecological and ameliorative condition of the soil and potential risks when using different types of irrigation of decorative plants
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/humanenviron/article/view/24671
<p><strong>Purpose.</strong> Assessment of the ecological and reclamation state of the soil and the probable risks when using different types of irrigation: traditional sprinkling and subsurface drip irrigation.</p> <p><strong>Methods. </strong>Field, laboratory analytical, Hakanson's method</p> <p><strong>Results. </strong>Diagnostic soil indicators characterizing soil degradation processes and the degree of their development were analyzed in the experimental plots of lawn and thuja, using sprinkling and subsurface drip irrigation. Regarding the state of the soil, it was determined: Both types of irrigation (drip and rain) have a positive effect on soil density; organic matter in the soil decomposes faster than it is formed; the fastest degradation of organic matter is observed under the lawn with drip irrigation, which indicates a lack of nitrogen available to plants; nitrogen is the main limiting factor for plant growth with both types of irrigation. It is also determined that it is necessary to regularly apply nitrogen fertilizers to the lawn, especially at the beginning of the growing season; small doses of nitrogen fertilizers in the spring are sufficient for thuja; complex microfertilizers of prolonged action are required to eliminate copper and zinc deficiencies. It is also necessary to monitor the quality of irrigation water to avoid soil contamination. The level of soil contamination with heavy metals is low.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions. </strong>Both types of irrigation have both positive and negative sides. To obtain optimal results, it is necessary to regularly conduct soil analysis and apply the necessary fertilizers. Particular attention should be paid to the quality of irrigation water. There is a small risk of increasing environmental risk over time.</p>O. O. Gololobova N. V. Maksymenko V. L. Bezsonnyi
Copyright (c) 2024 Gololobova, O. O., Maksymenko, N. V., Bezsonnyi, V. L.
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2024-11-282024-11-2842708210.26565/1992-4224-2024-42-05Parameters and environmental consequences of catastrophic fires in Ukraine: modeling, quantitative estimates
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/humanenviron/article/view/24672
<p>Climatic conditions and the intensification of hostilities in the east of Ukraine in 2024 (August and September) led to the burning of large areas of forests and grasslands. A quantitative assessment of their consequences is necessary.</p> <p><strong>Methods. </strong>System analysis, multifactorial analysis, mathematical modeling.</p> <p><strong>Purpose. </strong>Calculation of the main parameters of fires in the ecosystems of Ukraine, which took place in the summer-autumn of 2024, and assessment of their ecological consequences.</p> <p><strong>The results. </strong>The main energy parameters of forest and grass fires caused by the summer heat and military operations in Ukraine in 2024 were calculated. In late August - early September, virtually the entire east of Ukraine was burning. A total of about 43,000 hectares were engulfed in flames in Ukraine. About 500 kt of wood and 350 kt of grass burned. Emissions of smoke, soot, and nitrogen oxides exceeded the background values of the masses of these substances many times over. The injection of polyaromatic hydrocarbons exceeded the background values by 570, PM 2.5 microparticles by 14 times, and the power of acoustic radiation by 30 times. CO, SOx emissions did not exceed several tens of percent. The spread of fires in ecosystems<strong>, </strong>in addition to military operations, was facilitated by high air temperature, lack of rain and wind.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions. </strong>Calculations and mathematical modeling showed that the consequences of the burning of forests and grasslands in Ukraine in 2024 were catastrophic. It is substantiated that most of the fires were caused by military actions on the territory of Ukraine. The ecological situation became significantly more complicated under the influence of a dust storm that came from Kazakhstan and Central Asia. The short-term and long-term environmental consequences are very significant.</p>L. F. ChernogorA. N. NekosG. V. Titenko L. L. Chornohor
Copyright (c) 2024 Chernogor L. F., Nekos A. N., Titenko G. V., Chornohor L. L.
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2024-11-282024-11-2842839410.26565/1992-4224-2024-42-06Green innovations in urban landscape: opportunities to use Slovakia's experience
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/humanenviron/article/view/24673
<p><strong>Purpose.</strong> To analyze the results of an internship at the Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, which was aimed at studying the possibility of introducing green industrial innovations into urban landscapes under the project of the International Visegrad Fund "Green Innovations in Urban Landscape Ecology".</p> <p><strong>Results<em>.</em></strong> The experience of creating an interactive living laboratory of green innovations "ReImaGIne Living Lab" was studied and the possibilities of implementing this methodology in Kharkiv were analyzed. The scenarios of transformation of open space into a sustainable multifunctional city park are investigated. The project on the use of green and blue infrastructure elements in the construction of the Nivy bus station in Bratislava is analyzed and the availability of green infrastructure elements in Slovak cities is assessed.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> In order to implement green innovations in Ukraine, which are widely represented in Slovakia, it is necessary to modernize the training of specialists through new teaching models, as well as the introduction of the principles of sustainable development in the educational procesS.</p>N. V. Maksymenko M. Bihuňová
Copyright (c) 2024 Maksymenko, N. V., Bihuňová, M.
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2024-11-282024-11-28429511210.26565/1992-4224-2024-42-07Environmental threats and risks to protected areas in the context of war (case study of Molochnyi Lyman)
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/humanenviron/article/view/24680
<p><strong>Purpose.</strong> The study of the ecological state of Molochnyi Lyman, which is a state-level reserve, part of the Pryazovskyi National Nature Park, and a wetland of international importance protected under the Ramsar Convention.</p> <p><strong>Methods.</strong> System analysis, remote sensing data were used, specifically satellite images from Landsat 5, Landsat 8, Sentinel-2, and the software tool Google Earth Engine.</p> <p><strong>Results.</strong> The biodiversity of Molochnyi Lyman is characterized and the impact of the salinity level on its biodiversity is analyzed. Natural and anthropogenic factors affecting the ecological state of Molochnyi Lyman are examined. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the conditions ensuring water exchange with the Sea of Azov and the consequences of its absence for the biodiversity of the water body. The state and dynamics of commercial fish catches in the Sea of Azov (Zaporizhzhia region) and the factors influencing the state of fish resources are analyzed. The impact of the war on the ecological situation in Molochnyi Lyman is assessed, and ways and possibilities to overcome the crisis ecological consequences of the occupation of the territory at the stage of post-war recovery are identified.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions.</strong> The main ecological problems of Molochnyi Lyman are identified: increased salinity, reduced water surface area and biodiversity, as well as siltation of the channels connecting the lagoon with the Sea of Azov. It is proven that the preservation of the lagoon requires stable water exchange and optimal salinity levels, which will ensure favorable conditions for fish spawning and migration, as well as maintain high ecosystem productivity. With the onset of the war, the situation has become more complicated, with additional environmental challenges arising due to inaction, which will require further efforts to restore the biodiversity of Molochnyi Lyman and the Sea of Azov in the future.</p>L. A. Horoshkovа Y. D. Korniichuk
Copyright (c) 2024 Horoshkovа L. A., Korniichuk Y. D.
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2024-11-282024-11-284211313610.26565/1992-4224-2024-42-08Environmental safety of soils in conditions of intensive agricultural land use
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/humanenviron/article/view/24681
<p>For the sustainable functioning of agroecosystems and sustainable food supply of the population, the task of ensuring the ecological safety of soils in the conditions of using intensive technologies for growing agricultural crops is relevant.</p> <p><strong>Purpose.</strong>To determine the impact of intensive cultivation of oil crops on agrochemical indicators and environmental indicators of chernozem soils in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine</p> <p><strong>Methods.</strong> Field, laboratory-analytical, atomic absorption spectrophotometry method, statistical.</p> <p><strong>Results.</strong> The impact of intensive cultivation of oil crops on the seasonal dynamics of the content of biogenic elements (N, P, K) in chernozem soils (using the example of typical chernozems) was determined. A significant decrease in the content of mobile forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in chernozems typical of intensive cultivation of oil crops (sunflower and winter rapeseed) compared to winter wheat was established. It is noted that at higher levels of natural moisture, the intensity of nutrient removal increases for both oilseed crops and winter wheat. A significant increase in the concentrations of mobile forms of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd in chernozem soils when growing oilseed crops was established in comparison with their background concentrations under natural meadows and pastures. When the crop rotation is saturated with winter rapeseed, Cd and Cu accumulate more in the soil, and when sunflower predominates, Pb and Zn. Under conditions of higher moisture, the concentrations of mobile forms of all studied metals in the soil increase. The approach of the average Cd concentrations over the observation period to the normative value indicates a possible danger of accumulation and contamination of soils of field crop rotations with this metal.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions.</strong> Growing oilseed crops using intensive technologies poses a threat of soil deterioration from two aspects: a decrease in biogenic elements in the soil and an increase in the risk of soil contamination with heavy metals, especially Cd.</p>A. N. NekosO. I. KhripkoO. O. Bolotova
Copyright (c) 2024 Nekos, A. N., Khripko, O. I., & Bolotova, O. O.
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2024-11-282024-11-284213714610.26565/1992-4224-2024-42-09Changes in the agriculture specialization Cherkasy region over 10 years
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/humanenviron/article/view/24682
<p>Production typology of agriculture is the most recent direction of geographical research in agriculture, which has its roots in the 19th century. However, the decline in its popularity in recent decades is associated with an extremely complex and labor-intensive method that involves the processing of large data sets. Assessments of the ecological impact on landscapes of certain combinations of industries are extremely relevant. Assessments of environmental services provided by agro-ecosystems are also relevant today.</p> <p><strong>Purpose</strong>. Justification of ecologically tolerant specialization of farms from the standpoint of agro-ecosystem dynamics inherent in the conditions and resources of the region.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>. Field, cartographic, statistical, system analysis.</p> <p><strong>The results.</strong> The allocation of production types of farms in dynamics in the territory of Cherkasy region (2014-2024 years) allows to get closer to the evaluation of environmental services. In particular, the noted increase of almost sixfold in the number of farms in 2024 compared to 2014 allows us to state a tendency to decrease the area of an individual farm, which generally indicates the "incorporation" of land use into the existing structure of landscapes. However, hopes for real biodiversity support by the agro-ecosystems being formed in the Cherkasy region will remain futile for a long time to come. Among the selected types of agriculture, monocultures prevail. Probably, under the influence of the laws of the market economy, farmers try to get the maximum profit from the land. Separate measures to overcome these contradictions are proposed</p> <p><strong>Conclusions.</strong> In the conditions of ultra-intensive agriculture, the main theoretical approaches of the typology of agriculture can play with new, brighter colors. A possible way of "incorporating" the specialization of agriculture into existing natural landscapes and ecosystems can be, on the one hand, the reduction of the size of one farm, and on the other hand, the diversification of ecosystem relations through mixed sowing of grain mixtures (with legumes), increasing the share of hay and pastures.</p>I. O. Zozulia
Copyright (c) 2024 Zozulia I.O.
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2024-11-282024-11-284214716010.26565/1992-4224-2024-42-10Internships for young scientists at educational institutions in Sweden
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/humanenviron/article/view/24683
<p>The support of young scientists by Ukraine's partner countries during and after the war is key to the restoration and reconstruction of our country. Projects aimed at interaction between young and experienced scientists allow for a synergistic effect that drives the creation of new ideas. Participation in educational projects is the key to gaining new experience, developing new competencies that allow you to comprehensively cover the selected research topics, and look for new non-standard approaches to studying and solving problems. At the beginning of the new academic year, PhD students of the Department of Environmental Monitoring and Protected Areas Management took part in two projects at once. The first project was the Swedish project ‘Competence Aid For Ukraine (CAFU)’, which took place in two stages - remotely and in person with a study tour to Sweden. Associate Professor Anastasiia Klieshch and PhD student Alina Hrechko joined the project. The second project was CAPABLE (Common Academic Practices and Abilities in Learning for Research) of the SI Baltic Sea Neighbourhood programme, which also took place in two stages. Postgraduate students Polina Ponomarenko, Vadym Gololobov, and Ievgen Tertytskyi took part in this project. Teachers of the Karazin Institute of Environmental Sciences also joined both parts of this project. Among the faculty members involved were Professor Andrii Achasov, Associate Professor Ganna Titenko, Associate Professor Svitlana Burchenko, and Lecturer Anna Kot.</p>A. A. HrechkoP. R. PonomarenkoIe. P. TertytskyiV. V. Gololobov
Copyright (c) 2024 Hrechko, А. A., Ponomarenko, P. R., Tertytskyi, Ie. P., & Gololobov, V. V.
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2024-11-282024-11-284216116710.26565/1992-4224-2024-42-11