Man and Environment. Issues of Neoecology

Forecast of changes in the beach condition of the Yuzhne city under the influence natural factors

S. M. Yurasov — 2023-11-27

The study of the factors of degradation and the forecast of the state of recreational areas of the coast to prevent their negative changes is relevant.

Purpose. Forecast of changes in the condition of the Yuzhne beach, provision of general proposals for its protection from degradation.

Methods. Mathematical statistics, linear analysis and mathematical modeling, comparative analysis, cartographic and grapho-analytical studies.

Results. The beach of Yuzhne is located on the coast of the Black Sea. Its length is approximately 700 m. The southern direction in the sector 180±22.5⁰ is dangerous for waves. The distance from the beach to the opposite shore (wave acceleration) is 540-610 km. The boundary between the shallow and deep water zones is at a distance of approximately 200 km with a depth of 75 m.

With southerly winds, recurring once every 25 years, on the approach to the shallow water zone with a depth of 50-75 m, a developed disturbance with extreme wave parameters is formed, which, transforming in the shallow water zone, significantly affects the coast. A profile of relative dynamic equilibrium with a length of 1,200 m and a depth at this distance of 11.2 m is formed during the calculated disturbance. From the water cut, the boundary between the near-cut and surf zones is located at a distance of 220 m with a depth of 3.6 m.

Regardless of the standing water level, the calculated storm destroys the original shore at the extreme parts of the beach. When the sea level is high, the disturbance moves the destroyed material with the beach material into the cut-off zone, while the water cut at the 0.0 m BS mark does not change its planned location. The amount of beach material on the upper part of the coastal slope may decrease significantly. At an average level of the sea, the washing away of destroyed and beach material is accompanied by the advance of the water cut toward the sea for a distance of up to 20 m, but at the same time, a decrease in beach material on the above-water part of the coastal slope is also observed.

Conclusion. Without taking special protection measures, the beach of the Yuzhne city will degrade in the future. In areas of the beach, in order to prevent its erosion, it is necessary to erect a retaining wall with a backfilling layer. An option for an active method of protection can be the construction of permeable bunkers on the beach or an intermittent breakwater at a distance from the shore. Such protection will not impede the alongshore transport of sand. Dunes or waves will contribute to the accumulation of sand on the beach. At the same time, after strong storms from the southern direction, with high sea level, episodic additions of sand to the beach are necessary

Remote monitoring of the influx of military activities on forest landscapes of the Kharkiv region

N. V. Maksymenko — 2023-11-27

Russia's armed aggression against Ukraine has significant consequences for forestry - 2.9 million hectares of forests have different levels of damage. Taking into account the territories of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Luhansk and Donetsk oblasts, which were occupied until 2022, about 1 million hectares of forests are currently under occupation or are affected by active hostilities.

Purpose. To record and visually analyze the manifestation of military actions within the forest landscapes of the Kharkiv region caused by a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

Methods. Remote sensing methods, using Sentinel 2 L2A satellite images and Google Earth Pro software. Information on the dynamics of the occupation boundaries, including the forest landscapes of the Kharkiv region, was collected using QGIS software in the format of a vector layer.

Results. The forest landscapes that were under occupation in 2022 at the maximum occupation of the territory of Kharkiv region covered 1177,082 km². In the process of gradual liberation of the territory, the area of forests directly affected by hostilities decreased. The forest landscapes that were under occupation for different time periods (3, 4, 7, 8 months and more than 1 year) were identified. Since part of the region is still occupied, the last time category has no time limit. Based on the materials of the remote sensing of land cover, the authors identified the areas of destroyed forest as a result of logging and fires. Areas where fortifications were built and destroyed not only stands, but also the soil cover and made changes to the relief were identified. At the same time, forest landscapes were affected even without being occupied as a result of shelling, bombing and remote mining. The affected forest landscapes are part of the region's forestry enterprises, nature reserve fund objects, water protection and recreational areas.

Conclusions. Monitoring the area of forest landscapes by means of remote sensing made it possible to identify the foci of the most affected areas, to periodize and establish the main components of the impact of military operations on forest landscapes: forest fires caused by explosions; damage to vegetation and soil due to bombing; felling of trees and destruction of soil cover for the construction of fortifications. The disadvantages of remote sensing include.

Zoning of highways of the Cherkasy region according to the degree of formation of ecosystem relations

S. P. Ogilko — 2023-11-27

The research is due to the great attention paid to the preservation and restoration of biodiversity in the countries of the European Union.

Purpose. Carrying out zoning of the Cherkasy region according to the degree of completeness of the formation of roadside landscapes ecosystemsю

Methods. From a methodological point of view, zoning is considered as one of the main methods of geographical analysis a nd synthesis. Zoning performs the function of a general geographic method of organizing spatial diversity in the geographic envelope and systematizing territorial formations at the regional level, which makes it an essential element of a systematic approach in geography.

Results. The monitoring parameters of the infrastructure components of the main highways of the Cherkassy region (Kyiv-Odesa and Vinnytsia-Uman) used by us can be used for zoning, provided they are combined into logically formed factor groups. In particular, we combined all the initial parameters into the following groups of factors: natural-geographic factor: geolocation (geographic coordinates), air temperature and humidity, natural radiation background; degree of anthropogenic impact: noise level, dustiness, some geochemical indicators, proximity (or remoteness) of the road surface from agricultural land; the degree of manifestation of ecosystem relations: the number of plant species and their recurrence, the presence of invasive species and those that are indicators of salinity and waterlogging, the presence of species included in the National Catalog of Biotopes of Ukraine. Based on the list of main groups of factors, the main indicator of zoning will be the degree of completeness of the formation of roadside ecosystems.

Conclutions. Taking into account the activation of ruderal flora at the exits from gas stations, or on remote sections of highways, it can be asserted that in these locations the Le Chatelier-Brown principle is fully in effect, according to which the biosphere compensates for the harmful effects from the outside with its diversity. The author sees prospects for further research in the expansion of the list of objects, in particular, it will be very interesting to investigate the formation of ecosystem relations on secondary communication routes.

Pollutants emissions dynamics by stationary and mobile sources of pollution within Ukraine

S. G. Melnychenko — 2023-11-27

Due to the current rapid socio-economic development of both the world as a whole and Ukraine in particular, the level of anthropogenic load on the environment is increasing. In this context, the analysis of emissions of pollutants from various sources of pollution is quite relevant, as it allows to identify the dynamics of pollution and develop the necessary measures to improve the quality of the air basin.

Purpose. Analysis of the dynamics of emissions of pollutants by stationary and mobile sources of pollution within Ukraine.

Methods. Statistical, graphic, comparison.

Results. The dynamics of emissions of pollutants for the period 2016-2020 were analyzed. It was found that the number of emissions of hazardous substances into the atmospheric air has significantly decreased, stationary sources of pollution account for a much larger number of emissions than mobile sources. However, the highly urbanized and industrialized regions of Ukraine are still suffering from the toxic effects of substances. It was found that according to the types of economic activity, the largest amount of emissions into the atmospheric air falls on the electric power industry, extractive and processing industry; significantly less - for agriculture, water supply and transport.

Conclusions. Most regions of Ukraine with a high level of industrial development continue to suffer from atmospheric air pollution. Taking into account modern global challenges in the field of nature management, the priority directions for reducing the negative impact on the air basin of Ukraine are: popularization of alternative energy sources; modernization of transport; promoting the development of green spaces and zones, etc

Anthropogenic communication of the Cherkasy oblast as an ecosystem-forming component of the region modern landscape structure

I. V. Kravtsova — 2023-11-27

Purpose. To investigate the anthropogenic communication of the Cherkasy oblast as an ecosystem-forming component of the modern landscape structure of the area of research. Research materials and methods.

Methods. On the principle of natural-anthropogenic coexistence general scientific and specific scientific research methods were applied.

Results. The peculiarities of natural conditions and natural resources are determined by the geographical location within the borders of the Dniester-Dnieper and Left Bank-Dnieper forest-steppe regions of the East European plain country. The class of road landscapes of the study area is formed by the following types of roads, namely: automobile, dirt, forest and field roads, railways. In the landscape structure of Zvenyhorod district, the length of highways, unpaved roads, field and forest roads, railways. Uman district and Cherkasy district have the highest index of connectivity in terms of road length. The lowest indicators of the index of communication in terms of the length of highways in Zolotoniskyi district. Uman district has the highest index of communication in terms of the length of dirt roads, and Zvenigorodsky district has the lowest. Zolotoniskyi district and Cherkasy district have the highest index of communication in terms of the length of field and forest roads. The lowest indicator is Zvenigorodsky district, Uman district. Cherkasy district has the highest communication index in terms of railway length and Zvenigorodsky district has the lowest.

Conclusions. The Zolotonisky district of Cherkasy region has the highest index of general anthropogenic communicability, i.e. it has the highest degree of anthropogenic transformation of the territory and anthropogenic load

Revitalization of regular landscapes of the Arboretum exposition zone of the State Biotechnology University

V. V. Gololobov — 2023-11-27

Purpose. To substantiate the concept of revitalization of regular landscapes of the exposition zone of the dendrological park of the State Biotechnological University.

Methods. Field, laboratory, geoinformation, computer modeling (QGIS 3.28.3-Firenze 2022-08-31, Realtime Landscaping Architect 2023.02, Trial Free Version and Sketchup).

Results. The historical context of the creation of the arboretum, the agro-ecological status of the elements of soil fertility, its trace element status, the ecological-ameliorative and ecological-toxic state were studied. The selection of introducers was carried out for the 5A climatic zone of winter hardiness (USDA-zone). Geoinformation modeling of the studied space was carried out, relief isolines were created. A revitalization project of regular landscape compositions of the exposition zone of the dendrological park has been developed. Taking into account the soil and climatic conditions in the formation of plant compositions requires the use of introducers that do not require a high level of available nitrogen compounds, but respond well to an increased content of mobile phosphorus and potassium, do not lose decorativeness when grown without irrigation or with the use of minimal soil protective irrigation, with high resistance against diseases and pests and will serve to increase the biological diversity of the urban landscapes of Kharkiv and other cities of Ukraine located in the 5th winter hardiness zone (USDA zone).

Conclusions. It is proposed to preserve the approach proposed by the founders of the dendrological park, that is, to restore the decorativeness and expressiveness of plant compositions, but in the context of making nature-oriented decisions, to enrich this approach with an ecological feature.

The "Knyagynya" tract as a center for the preservation of the phytological identity of the Eastern Podillia

O. V. Mudrak — 2023-11-27

Purpose. To describe the phytodiversity of the "Knyaginya" Tract - a complex natural monument of national importance.

Methods. Field, cartographic, analytical, descriptive, comparative, expeditionary, bioindicative, statistical, systemic, biomonitoring.

Results. The diversity of phytocenoses of the "Knyaginya" Tract - a complex natural monument of national importance with an area of 53 hectares, located within the boundaries of the Pischanska settlement territorial community of the Tulchyn district of the Vinnytsia region - was established. The importance of the object of the nature reserve fund for the formation of the regional econetwork of Eastern Podillia was clarified. The species richness of various phytocenoses of the relatively small area of the studied object is substantiated. 527 species of higher vascular plants were identified, of which 440 are autochthonous and 87 are adventitious, which is 43.5% of the total phytodiversity of Eastern Podillia, which includes 1210 species. In terms of the number of species, the studied area is one of the most valuable reference areas of the region's plant gene pool.

Conclusions. In order to preserve the rare phytodiversity of Eastern Podillia, it is proposed to expand the boundaries of the complex natural monument "Knyaginya" Tract.

Environmental conservation based on Mamar system as local wisdom of West Timor, East Nusa Tenggara

G. Lewoleba — 2023-12-10

Purpose. To analyze the environmental conservation practices based on the Mamar system as local wisdom and related social structures as a mechanism for environmental conservation in West Timor, East Nusa Tenggara.

Results: Mamar system has persisted since the 17^th century since it is applied with mechanisms and approaches to the needs of local communities for the preservation of natural resources in the long and sustainable term. This system is applied by cultivating land for perennials, food crops, fodder crops, and livestock rearing.. Environmental conservation is implemented on the basis of the local principles such as Bua, Nuni, and Bunu. The local customary regulations were set and supervised by the guards called Mataf and Ketiut Po’an, in which the individuals who violated the regulations will get a sanction called Tasane. By adhering to the local belief system, the community naturally consider that their action in taking a use of natural resources wisely is part of maintaining the sustainability. Besides, the local community also pursue the harmonious relationship with the inhabitants of a particular forest area or spring through ritual ceremonies.

Conclusions: Practically, Mamar can be interpreted as an “artificial oasis: built by Amarasi local community in West Timor as a strategy to adapt in the adverse environmental conditions. Mamar system sustained the socio-economic and cultural life of the Amarasi community through its’ ecological, economic and social variables. The conservation based on Mamar system is carried out and maintained by applying the local values that are authentic, straightforward and measurable in accordance with the situation and conditions of the community

Round table «War resilience and post-war recovery in Ukraine: challenges for and capacity building needs of research and higher education»

N. V. Maksymenko — 2023-11-27

A Round table was held at the Karazin Institute of Environmental Sciences with the participation of international experts, where representatives of the permanent partners of the Ukrainian part of the consortia - V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, ODEKU and the Carpathian Ecology Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Postgraduate students of the Karazin Institute of Environmental Sciences spoke about their experience of participating in Summer Schools and other events of international projects. European partners presented their vision of further cooperation for the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine.