Large-scale geomagnetic field disturbances accompanied by the powerful explosion of the Tonga volcano on January 15, 2022.
Keywords:
Tonga volcano, geomagnetic field disturbance, aperiodic disturbance, quasi-periodic disturbance, time delay, apparent speed, types of waves
Abstract
Background. A number of authors have described the results of observations of variations in the geomagnetic field caused by the Tonga volcano explosion. The main attention was paid to the analysis of quasi-periodic processes, disturbance of the neutral wind system, ionospheric currents at the heights of the dynamo region of the atmosphere. Temporal variations of the geomagnetic field observed at a number of the Intermagnet network magnetic stations remote from the volcano were described. A more detailed analysis of the magnetic effect of the Tonga volcano is an urgent task.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the large-scale disturbances of the geomagnetic field caused by the powerful explosion of the Tonga volcano, which took place on January 15, 2022.
Techniques and Methodology. The data of measurements on the global network of Intermagnet magnetic stations were used for the analysis. These stations were located on different sides of the disturbance source. The X-, Y-, and Z-components of the geomagnetic field were subjected to analysis. The time resolution was 1 min, the error did not exceed 1 nT. Temporal variations of the geomagnetic field level from January 12 to January 18, 2022, were analyzed. The most magnetically quiet days were January 13 and January 17, 2022. They were used as reference days.
Results. As a result of the time variations analysis of the X-, Y-, and Z-components of the geomagnetic field registered at stations located at a distance from ~ 2000 to 8000 km from the epicenter of the Tonga volcano explosion, it was established that the geomagnetic effect was of a global nature. Six groups of geomagnetic field component disturbances that could have been caused by a volcanic explosion were identified. Speeds close to ~ 4 and 1.5 km/s are characteristic of MHD waves. A speed close to ~ 1 km/s is typical for a blast wave. A speed of ~ 500 m/s have atmospheric gravity waves. Disturbances with speeds of ~ 315 and 200 m/s apparently propagated by Lamb waves and tsunamis. The amplitude of quasi-periodic disturbances of the geomagnetic field was estimated to be 1–10 nT. These values are in good agreement with the observation results. Estimates of the magnitude of aperiodic disturbances gave a value of 30–60 nT, which also agreed with the measurement results.
Conclusions. It was confirmed that the powerful explosion of the volcano led to the disturbance of all subsystems in the Earth – atmosphere – ionosphere – magnetosphere system.
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References
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8. Chernogor LF, Shevelev MB. Statistical characteristics of atmospheric waves, generated by the explosion of the Tonga volcano on January 15, 2022. International Conference “Astronomy and Space Physics in the Kyiv University” in part of the World Science Day for Peace and Development. October 18 – 21, 2022. Kyiv, Ukraine. Book of Abstracts. P. 85-86.
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10. Matoza RS, Fee D, Assink JD, Iezzi AM, Green DN, Kim K, Toney L, Lecocq T, Krishnamoorthy S, Lalande JM, Nishida K, Gee KL, Haney MM, Ortiz HD, Brissaud Q, Martire L, Rolland L, Vergados P, Nippress A, Park J, Shani-Kadmiel S, Witsil A, Arrowsmith S, Caudron C, Watada S, Perttu AB, Taisne B, Mialle P, Le Pichon A, Vergoz J, Hupe P, Blom PS, Waxler R, De Angelis S, Snively JB, Ringler AT, Anthony RE, Jolly AD, Kilgour G, Averbuch G, Ripepe M, Ichihara M, Arciniega-Ceballos A, Astafyeva E, Ceranna L, Cevuard S, Che I-Y, De Negri R, Ebeling CW, Evers LG, Franco-Marin LE, Gabrielson TB, Hafner K, Harrison RG, Komjathy A, Lacanna G, Lyons J, Macpherson KA, Marchetti E, McKee KF, Mellors RJ, Mendo-Pérez G, Mikesell TD, Munaibari E, Oyola-Merced M, Park I, Pilger C, Ramos C, Ruiz MC, Sabatini R, Schwaiger HF, Tailpied D, Talmadge C, Vidot J, Webster J, Wilson DC. Supplementary Materials for Atmospheric waves and global seismoacoustic observations of the January 2022 Hunga eruption, Tonga. Science. 2022;377(6601). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abo7063
11. Poli P, Shapiro NM. Rapid Characterization of Large Volcanic Eruptions: Measuring the Impulse of the Hunga Tonga Ha’apai Explosion From Teleseismic Waves. Geophysical Research Letters. 2022;49(8):e2022GL098123.
12. Carvajal M, Sepúlveda I, Gubler A, Garreaud R. Worldwide signature of the 2022 Tonga volcanic tsunami. Geophysical Research Letters. 2022;49(6):e2022GL098153. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098153
13. Heidarzadeh M, Gusman AR, Ishibe T, Sabeti R, Šepić J. Estimating the eruption-induced water displacement source of the 15 January 2022 Tonga volcanic tsunami from tsunami spectra and numerical modelling. Ocean Engineering. 2022;261:112165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.112165
14. Imamura F, Suppasri A, Arikawa T, Koshimura S, Satake K, Tanioka Y. Preliminary Observations and Impact in Japan of the Tsunami Caused by the Tonga Volcanic Eruption on January 15, 2022. Pure and Applied Geophysics. 2022;179:1549-1560. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-022-03058-0
15. Kubota T, Saito T, Nishida K. Global fast-traveling tsunamis driven by atmospheric Lamb waves on the 2022 Tonga eruption. Science. 2022;377(6601):91-94. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abo4364
16. Lynett P. The Tsunamis Generated by the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcano on January 15, 2022. 16 March 2022, PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1377508/v1
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18. Tanioka Y, Yamanaka Y, Nakagaki T. Characteristics of the deep sea tsunami excited offshore Japan due to the air wave from the 2022 Tonga eruption. Earth, Planets and Space. 2022;74:61. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-022-01614-5
19. Terry JP, Goff J, Winspear N, Bongolan VP, Fisher S. Tonga volcanic eruption and tsunami, January 2022: globally the most significant opportunity to observe an explosive and tsunamigenic submarine eruption since AD 1883 Krakatau. Geoscience Letters. 2022;9:24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-022-00232-z
20. Chernogor LF, Shevelev MB. A statistical study of the explosive waves launched by the Tonga super-volcano on January 15, 2022. Space science and technology. 2022. (In press).
21. Carr JL, Horváth Á, Wu DL, Friberg MD. Stereo plume height and motion retrievals for the record-setting Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai eruption of 15 January 2022. Geophysical Research Letters. 2022;49:e2022GL098131. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098131
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Published
2022-10-27
Cited
How to Cite
Chernogor, L. F., & Holub, M. Y. (2022). Large-scale geomagnetic field disturbances accompanied by the powerful explosion of the Tonga volcano on January 15, 2022. Visnyk of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Series “Radio Physics and Electronics”, (37), 31-46. https://doi.org/10.26565/2311-0872-2022-37-03
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Original Article
