Effects from the June 10, 2021 solar eclipse in the ionosphere over Kharkiv: results from ionosonde measurements
Keywords:
solar eclipse, ionosphere, ionosonde, virtual height, electron density, maximum decrease, quasi-periodic oscillation
Abstract
Background. Ionospheric effects from solar eclipses (SEs) have been studied for over a century. The studies intensified in the 1960–1970, when rockets, satellites, ionosonde networks, and incoherent scatter radars became actively involved in the investigations. The following basic features of SEs displayed in the ionosphere have been established: a decrease in the electron density and the electron, ion, and neutral temperatures, changes in the dynamics of the ionosphere, and the generation of acoustic and atmospheric gravity waves. The recurring regular features are observed together with the features pertaining to each individual SE. Therefore, the study of the effects of each new solar eclipse is an urgent task.
The purpose of this paper is to present the results of analysis of the ionogram measurements acquired by the digisonde located at the Radiophysical Observatory, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University.
Techniques and Methodology. The observations of the state of the ionosphere were made using the digisonde specifically developed by the V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University and located at the V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University Radiophysical Observatory (49°38' N, 36°20' E). The data processing included the following. First, the time series of critical F2-layer frequencies, foF2, of the minimum frequency, fmin, observed on an ionogram, and of the virtual height were plotted. Second, the trends and the differences between the initial series and the trends were calculated. Third, given the foF2(t) values, the electron densities N(t) and their increments ΔN(t) were calculated, and fourth, the systems spectral analysis of ΔN(t) dependences was conducted to determine the spectral content.
Results. A maximum decrease of 3.7–3.8% in the F2 peak electron density has been detected. This value agrees very well with the calculated value of 3.5–3.8%. The time delay between the minimum in the electron density observed and the maximum value of the phase of the solar eclipse was determined to be 12.5 min, which is in good agreement with the calculated value of 12.8 min. The time delay suggests that the linear loss coefficient was 1.3´10–3 s–1 and the production rate was (3.8–3.9)×108 m–3∙s–1. The SE was associated with the generation of quasi-periodic oscillations in the electron density and the F2 layer virtual height, within the period range of 10–15 min, and with amplitudes of 1.7–4% and 9.1–11.4%, respectively. The fluctuations in the minimum frequency observed on the ionograms showed a factor of 3–4 times decrease in the course of the SE. In addition, a decrease in the averaged values was observed to occur from 3 to 2.85 MHz (by 5%), which suggested that the radio wave attenuation by absorption decreased due to a decrease in the lower-ionosphere electron density below 100 km altitude. This decrease was estimated to be about 2%, while the decrease determined from the observations gave 2.2%.
Conclusions. The partial solar eclipse with a very small value of the maximum magnitude (0.112) and obscuration of 4.4% acted to produce a few effects observed in the ionosphere with the ionosonde.
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References
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3. Vasiliev KN, Veleshin AS, Kosenkov AR. Ionospheric effects of the solar eclipse of February 15, 1961, according to the Moscow observations. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 1961;1(2):277-278. (In Russian).
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6. Sukhanova RD. Ionospheric effects of the solar eclipse of February 15, 1961, on observations to the Salekhard. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 1961;1(6):1066-1067. (In Russian).
7. Shapiro BS, Shashunkina VM. Movement in the F region of the ionosphere over Tbilisi during the eclipse of February 15, 1961. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 1961;1(5):760-765. (In Russian).
8. Shashunkina VM, Turbin RI. Preliminary observations of ionospheric effects of solar eclipse of February 15, 1961. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 1961;1(5):835-838. (In Russian).
9. Evans JV. An F region eclipse. J. Geophys. Res. 1965;70(1):131-142. https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ070i001p00131
10. Klobuchar JA, Whitney HE. Ionospheric electron content measurements during a solar Eclipse. J. Geophys. Res. 1965;70(5):1254-1257. https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ070i005p01254
11. Hunter AN, Holman BK, Feldgate DG, Kelleher R. Faraday rotation studies in Africa during the solar eclipse of June 30, 1973. Nature. 1974;250:205-206. https://doi.org/10.1038/250205a0
12. Afraimovich EL, Palamartchouk KS, Perevalova NP, Chernukhov VV, Lukhnev AV, Zalutsky VT. Ionospheric effects of the solar eclipse of March 9, 1997, as deduced from GPS data. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1998;25(4):465-468. https://doi.org/10.1029/98GL00186
13. Afraimovich EL, Perevalova NP. GPS-monitoring of the Earth upper atmosphere. Irkutsk: Solar–Terrestrial Pysics Institute SD RAS: SI SC RRS ESSC SD RAMS; 2006. 479 p. (In Russian).
14. Bertin F, Hughes KA, Kersley L. Atmospheric waves induced by the solar eclipse of 30 June 1973. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 1977;39(4):457-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(77)90153-2
15. Sen Gupta A, Goel GK, Mathur BS. Effect of the 16 February 1980 solar eclipse on VLF propagation.
J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 1980;42(11/12):907-909. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(80)90107-5
16. Cohen EA. The study of the effect of solar eclipses on the ionosphere based on satellite beacon observations. Radio Sci. 1984;19(3):769-777. https://doi.org/10.1029/RS019i003p00769
17. Salah JE, Oliver WL, Foster JC, Holt JM. Observations of the May 30, 1984, annular solar eclipse at Millstone Hill. J. Geophys. Res. 1986;91(A2):1651-1660. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA091iA02p01651
18. Cheng K, Huang YN, Chen SW. Ionospheric effects of the solar eclipse of September 23, 1987, around the equatorial anomaly crest region. J. Geophys. Res. 1992;97(A1):103-111. https://doi.org/10.1029/91JA02409
19. Huang CR, Liu CH, Yeh KC, Lin KH, Tsai WH, Yeh HC, Liu JY. A study of tomographically reconstructed ionospheric images during a solar eclipse. J. Geophys. Res. 1999;104(A1):79-94. https://doi.org/10.1029/98JA02531
20. Borisov BB, Yegorov DA, Yegorov NE, Kolesnik AG, Kolesnik SA, Melchinov VP, Nagorskiy PM, Parfenov SS, Reshetnikov DD, Smirnov VF, Stepanov AE, Tarashchuk YE, Telpuhovskiy ED, Tsybikov BB, Shinkevich BM. A comprehensive experimental study of the reaction of the ionosphere on solar eclipse March 9, 1997. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2000;40(3):94-103. (In Russian).
21. Gokov AM, Chernogor LF. Processes in Lower Ionosphere during August 11, 1999 Solar Eclipse. Radio phys. radio astron. 2000;5(4):348-360. (In Russian).
22. Kostrov LS, Chernogor LF. Processes in Bottomside Ionosphere during August 11, 1999 Solar Eclipse. Radio phys. radio astron. 2000;5(4):361-371. (In Russian).
23. Chernogor LF. Magnetosphere Electron Precipitation Induced by a Solar Eclipse. Radio phys. radio astron. 2000;5(4):371-376. (In Russian).
24. Uryadov VP, Leonov AM, Ponyatov AA, Boiko GN, Terent’ev SP. Variations in the Characteristics of a HF Signal over an Oblique Sounding Path during the Solar Eclipse on August 11, 1999. Radiophys. Quant. El. 2000;43:614-618. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004801201847
25. Farges T, Jodogne JC, Bamford R, Roux YLe, Gauthier F, Vila PM, Altadill D, Sole JG, Miro G. Disturbances of the western European ionosphere during the total solar eclipse of 11 August 1999 measured by a wide ionosonde and radar network. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 2001;63(9):915-924. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00195-4
26. Akimov LA, Grigorenko EI, Taran VI, Tyrnov OF, Chernogor LF. Integrated radio physical and optical studies of dynamic processes in the atmosphere and geospace caused by the solar eclipse of August 11, 1999. Zarubezhnaya radioelektronika. Uspekhi sovremennoi radioelektroniki. 2002;(2):25-63. (In Russian).
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Published
2021-12-29
Cited
How to Cite
Chernogor, L. F., Mylovanova, L. I., Mylovanov, Y. B., Tsymbal, A. M., & Luo, Y. (2021). Effects from the June 10, 2021 solar eclipse in the ionosphere over Kharkiv: results from ionosonde measurements. Visnyk of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Series “Radio Physics and Electronics”, (35), 60-78. https://doi.org/10.26565/2311-0872-2021-35-06
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Original Article
