Head-on collision of flocks
Abstract
Relevance. The study of the collective behavior of flocks of intelligent agents by using the mathematical and numerical methods is related to the multi-agent systems and artificial intelligence, which are actively researched nowadays.
Goal. To reveal the patterns of flocks dispersion during their collision and to obtain the analytical ratios of flocks kinematics.
Research methods. The work is based on the methods of mathematical and numerical modeling of multi-agent systems.
The results. The main parameter that determines the flocks behavior during their interaction is the acceleration. When the impact parameter is increased, the changes in the characteristics of the flocks become less noticeable. The obtained dependence of the acceleration on the value of the aiming parameter resembles the dependence that is typical for phase transitions.
Conclusions. The main regularities of flocks dispersion are determined, as well as the analytical ratios of flocks kinematics, which are in good conformity with the simulation data.
Downloads
References
/References
T. Vicsek and A. Zafeiris. “Collective motion,” Physics reports, vol. 517, issues 3-4, 2012, pp. 71-140. URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1010.5017 (Last accessed: 01.02.2022).
C. Keys and L. Dugatkin. “Flock size and position effects on vigilance, aggression, and prey capture in the European starling“, The Condor, vol. 92, 1990, pp. 151-159. https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/condor/v092n01/p0151-p0159.pdf
K. Bhattacharya and T. Vicsek. “Collective decision making in cohesive flocks,” New Journal of Physics, vol. 12, 2010, 13 p. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/12/9/093019/pdf
J. Parrish and W. Hamner. “Animal Groups in Three Dimensions,” Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Phys. Rev. Ess, 1997, 378 p. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/animal-groups-in-three-dimensions/910F9DF579FCC43241F3560A2964E4F8
Y. Katz, K. Tunstrom, C. Ioannou, C. Huepe and I. Couzin. “Inferring the structure and dynamics of interactions in schooling fish,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 108, no. 46, 2011, pp. 18720-18725. https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1107583108
A. Ward, D. Sumpter, I. Couzin, P. Hart and J. Krause. “Quorum decisionmaking facilitates information transfer in fish shoals,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 105, no. 19, 2008, pp. 6948-6953. https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.0710344105
Y. Hayakawa. “Spatiotemporal dynamics of skeins of wild geese,” Europhysics Letters, vol. 89, no. 4, 2010, 48004 (6 p). https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1209/0295-5075/89/48004/meta
S. Bazazi, J. Buhl, J. Hale, M. Anstey, G. Sword, S. Simpson and I. Couzin. “Collective motion and cannibalism in locust migratory bands,” Current biology, vol. 18, issue 10, 2008, pp. 735-739. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982208005216
S. Bazazi, C. Ioannou, S. Simpson, G. Sword, C. Torney, P. Lorch and I. Couzin. “The social context of cannibalism in migratory bands of the mormon cricket,” PloS One, vol. 5, issue 12, 2010, 7 p. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0015118&type=printable
N. Bode, J. Faria, D. Franks, J. Krause and A. Wood. “How perceived threat increases synchronization in collectively moving animal groups,” Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 277, 2010, pp. 3065-3070. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2982070/pdf/rspb20100855.pdf
U. Erdmann, B. Blasius and L. Schimansky-Geier. “Active Motion and Swarming,” The European physical journal. Special topics, 2008, p. 157. https://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=20331961
C. Frederick, M. Egerstedt and H. Zhou. “Collective Motion Planning for a Group of Robots Using Intermittent Diffusion,” 2020, 18 p. URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.02804.pdf (Last accessed: 01.02.2022).
M. Raoufi, A. Turgut and F. Arvin. “Self-organized Collective Motion with a Simulated Real Robot Swarm,” 2019, 12 p. URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.03230.pdf (Last accessed: 01.02.2022).
K. Sugawara, R. Arai and M. Sano. “Collective motion of interacting simple robots,” IECON’01, 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (Cat. No.37243), Denver, CO, USA, vol.1, 2001, pp. 428-432. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/976520
G. Caprari, A. Colot, R. Siegwart, J. Halloy and J. Deneubourg. “Animal and Robot Mixed Societies - Building Cooperation Between Microrobots and Cockroaches,” IEEE Robotics and Automation Magazine, vol. 12, 2005, pp. 58-65. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3344719
J. Halloy, G. Sempo, G. Caprari, C. Rivault, M. Asadpour, F. Tache, I. Said, V. Durier, S. Canonge, J. Ame, C. Detrain, N. Correll, A. Martinoli, F. Mondada, R. Siegwart and J. Deneubourg. “Social integration of robots into groups of cockroaches to control self-organized choices,” Science. vol. 318, 2007, pp. 1155-1158. https://www.cns.nyu.edu/events/spf/SPF_papers/HalloyDeneubourgS07.pdf
S. Ramaswamy. “The Mechanics and Statistics of Active Matter,” Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, vol. 1, 2010, pp. 323–345. URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1004.1933.pdf (Last accessed: 01.02.2022).
M. Marchetti, J. Joanny, S. Ramaswamy, T. Liverpool, J. Prost, M. Rao and R. Aditi Simha. “Hydrodynamics of soft active matter,” Reviews of Modern Physics, vol. 85, no. 3, 2013, pp. 1143–1189. http://dspace.rri.res.in/jspui/bitstream/2289/5838/1/2013_RevModPhys_85_1143.pdf
I. Aoki. “A simulation study on the schooling mechanism in fish,” Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, vol. 48, issue 8, 1982, pp. 1081-1088. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/suisan1932/48/8/48_8_1081/_pdf/-char/en
C. W. Reynolds. “Flocks, herds, and schools: A distributed behavioral model,” Computer graphics, vol. 21, no. 4, 1987, pp. 25-34. https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/37401.37406
D. Shiffman. The nature of code. New York: Magic Book Project, 2012, 520 p. https://natureofcode.com/book
T. Vicsek, A. Zafeiris. Collective motion. Physics reports. 2012. Vol. 517, issues 3-4. P. 71-140. URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1010.5017 (Last accessed: 01.02.2022).
C. Keys, L. Dugatkin. Flock size and position effects on vigilance, aggression, and prey capture in the European starling. The Condor. 1990. Vol. 92. P. 151-159. https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/condor/v092n01/p0151-p0159.pdf
K. Bhattacharya, T. Vicsek. Collective decision making in cohesive flocks. New Journal of Physics. 2010. Vol. 12. 13 p. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/12/9/093019/pdf
J. Parrish, W. Hamner. Animal Groups in Three Dimensions. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Phys. Rev. Ess. 1997. 378 p. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/animal-groups-in-three-dimensions/910F9DF579FCC43241F3560A2964E4F8
Y. Katz, K. Tunstrom, C. Ioannou, C. Huepe, I. Couzin. Inferring the structure and dynamics of interactions in schooling fish. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2011. Vol. 108, no. 46. P. 18720-18725. https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1107583108
A. Ward, D. Sumpter, I. Couzin, P. Hart, J. Krause. Quorum decisionmaking facilitates information transfer in fish shoals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2008. Vol. 105, no. 19. P. 6948-6953. https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.0710344105
Y. Hayakawa. Spatiotemporal dynamics of skeins of wild geese. Europhysics Letters. 2010. Vol. 89, no. 4. 48004 (6 p.). https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1209/0295-5075/89/48004/meta
S. Bazazi, J. Buhl, J. Hale, M. Anstey, G. Sword, S. Simpson, I. Couzin. Collective motion and cannibalism in locust migratory bands. Current biology. 2008. Vol. 18, issue 10. P. 735-739. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982208005216
S. Bazazi, C. Ioannou, S. Simpson, G. Sword, C. Torney, P. Lorch, I. Couzin. The social context of cannibalism in migratory bands of the mormon cricket. PloS One. 2010. Vol. 5, issue 12. 7 p. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0015118&type=printable
N. Bode, J. Faria, D. Franks, J. Krause, A. Wood. How perceived threat increases synchronization in collectively moving animal groups. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2010. Vol. 277. P. 3065-3070. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2982070/pdf/rspb20100855.pdf
U. Erdmann, B. Blasius, L. Schimansky-Geier. Active Motion and Swarming. The European physical journal. Special topics. 2008. P. 157. https://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=20331961
C. Frederick, M. Egerstedt, H. Zhou. Collective Motion Planning for a Group of Robots Using Intermittent Diffusion. 2022. 18 p. URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.02804.pdf (Last accessed: 01.02.2022).
M. Raoufi, A. Turgut, F. Arvin. Self-organized Collective Motion with a Simulated Real Robot Swarm. 2019. 12 p. URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.03230.pdf (Last accessed: 01.02.2022).
K. Sugawara, R. Arai, M. Sano. Collective motion of interacting simple robots. IECON’01, 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (Cat. No.37243), Denver, CO, USA. 2001. Vol.1. P. 428-432. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/976520
G. Caprari, A. Colot, R. Siegwart, J. Halloy, J. Deneubourg. Animal and Robot Mixed Societies - Building Cooperation Between Microrobots and Cockroaches. IEEE Robotics and Automation Magazine. 2005. Vol. 12. P. 58-65. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3344719
J. Halloy, G. Sempo, G. Caprari, C. Rivault, M. Asadpour, F. Tache, I. Said, V. Durier, S. Canonge, J. Ame, C. Detrain, N. Correll, A. Martinoli, F. Mondada, R. Siegwart, J. Deneubourg. Social integration of robots into groups of cockroaches to control self-organized choices. Science. 2007. Vol. 318. P. 1155-1158. https://www.cns.nyu.edu/events/spf/SPF_papers/HalloyDeneubourgS07.pdf
S. Ramaswamy. The Mechanics and Statistics of Active Matter. Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics. 2010. Vol. 1. P. 323–345. URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1004.1933.pdf (Last accessed: 01.02.2022).
M. Marchetti, J. Joanny, S. Ramaswamy, T. Liverpool, J. Prost, M. Rao, R. Aditi Simha. Hydrodynamics of soft active matter. Reviews of Modern Physics. 2013. Vol. 85, no. 3. P. 1143–1189. http://dspace.rri.res.in/jspui/bitstream/2289/5838/1/2013_RevModPhys_85_1143.pdf
I. Aoki. A simulation study on the schooling mechanism in fish. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries. 1982. Vol. 48, issue 8. P. 1081-1088. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/suisan1932/48/8/48_8_1081/_pdf/-char/en
C. W. Reynolds. Flocks, herds, and schools: A distributed behavioral model. Computer graphics. 1987. Vol. 21, no. 4. P. 25-34. https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/37401.37406
D. Shiffman. The nature of code. New York: Magic Book Project. 2012. 520 p. https://natureofcode.com/book
