Creation of breeding material based on genetic control of the fatty acid composition of flaxseed oil
Abstract
Purpose. To study the inheritance of the fatty acid composition of flaxseed oil for the successful development of new breeding material with varying levels of α-linolenic acid that is drought-tolerant.
Methods. Genetic analysis, individual selection, statistical analysis, gas-liquid chromatography.
Results. Crossbreeding was conducted between contrasting parental forms: the low-linolenic variety Soniachnyi and the high-linolenic lines M-17, IZ-2, M-28, and M-48. Intermediate inheritance of linolenic acid (ω-3) and linoleic acid (ω-6) was established in the F1 population. When determining true and hypothetical heterosis, the phenomenon was not detected. In the F2 populations, high heritability coefficients in the broad sense were calculated for unsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 and ω-6). Heritability in the narrow sense in the F3 populations also showed high values for the unsaturated fatty acids studied.
Conclusions. For the first time in Ukraine, genetic control of the fatty acid composition of flaxseed oil has been conducted. The results of genetic analysis of unsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 and ω-6) in the F1, F2, and F3 populations indicate the effectiveness of selection for unsaturated fatty acids. High heritability indices also demonstrate the additive effect of genes and independence from very arid growing conditions for oil flax. Effective selection for linolenic and linoleic acids made it possible to identify a number of breeding materials of high value and to create a new variety, “Nutritious,” intended for food use, with a linolenic acid content of up to 10%, whose oil is characterized by extended shelf life
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