Urban Anniversary Culture in Katerynoslav, Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Abstract
The article analyzes the culture of anniversaries and jubilees in Katerynoslav around the turn of the 20th century. Anniversary culture is defined by the author as a set of forms and norms for celebration of anniversaries and jubilees, used by society to develop a symbolic, ordered image of the past within the framework of a particular ideological discourse. The main criteria for the selection of events for analysis were their public appeal and engagement with the collective memory of the urban community. The case studies include one municipal anniversary (100th anniversary of the founding of Katerynoslav), two personal (100th anniversary of the death of A. Pushkin and 100th anniversary of the death of T. Shevchenko), and two historical (100th anniversary of the ‘Patriotic War of 1812’ and 300th anniversary of the House of Romanov). The study locates the anniversary at the intersection of the culture of urban leisure (anniversary as celebration) and historical culture (anniversary as commemoration). The author sets out to identify the public actors behind the organization of anniversary events; the composition and reaction of the audience; and the typical and unique in the program of celebrations. The purpose of the study is to trace, based on the analysis of the chosen varieties of the public anniversary, the changes in the latter’s function and role in the urban space of Katerynoslav. The study shows that, regardless of the type, the public anniversary was a powerful factor of horizontal (committees, societies) and vertical (spectators, participants) group interaction in a city with a dynamic ethno-confessional composition of the population. Furthermore, anniversaries served as catalysts for addressing the community’s needs and enacting its values. In the urban space of late 19th-century Katerynoslav, the anniversary scenario was designed to perform, along with a commemorative function, the function of cultural and moral enlightenment. That is why celebrations were accompanied by the opening of libraries, schools, literary societies, and shelters for the poor. In the early years of the 20th century, on the other hand, the anniversary became a tool of cultural nationalism, expected to stimulate the feelings of patriotism and loyalty to national values. Universal for anniversary culture during the entire period under study was a desire to expand the space of celebration, regardless of social and religious boundaries. One consequence of this aspiration was an increased demand for popular historical knowledge among the urban residents and educated public.
Downloads
References
Assmann, A. Prostory spohady. Formy ta transformatsii kulturnoi pamiati. Per. z nim. Kyiv, 2012. (In Ukrainian)
Bykov, N. Narodno-gumannye nachala poe'zii Pushkina. Dneprovskaya molva, no. 20, 26 maya 1899, s. 611–619. (In Russian)
Calhoun, K. Nacionalizm. Per. s angl. Moskva, 2006. (In Russian)
Chernov, E. Eshhe raz o nachale vremeni URBIS (datirovka Goroda kak problema istoricheskoj urbanistiki). V.: O. Zhurba (red.), Dnipropetrovs'kyj istoryko-arkheohrafichnyj zbirnyk [Dnipropetrovsk Historical and Archaeological Collection], vyp. 4. Dnipropetrovs'k, 2010, s. 72–85. (In Russian)
Cimbaev, K. Fenomen yubileemanii v rossijskoj obshhestvennoj zhizni konca XІX – nachala XX vv. Voprosy istorii [Questions of History], no. 11, 2005, s. 98–108. (In Russian)
Cimbaev, K. Rekonstrukciya proshlogo i konstruirovanie budushhego v Rossii XІX veka: opyt ispol'zovaniya istoricheskix yubileev v politicheskix celyax. V: A. Dmitriev (red.), Istoricheskaya kul'tura imperatorskoj Rossii: formirovanie predstavlenij o proshlom. Moskva, 2012, s. 475–488. (In Russian)
Chornyj, D. 100-richchia Vitchyznianoi vijny 1812 roku: zahal'nonarodne sviato chy propahandys'ka kampaniia (osoblyvosti urochystostej po mistam Livoberezhnoi Ukrainy). Visnyk Kharkivs'koho natsional'noho universytetu imeni V. N. Karazina. Seriia «Istoriia Ukrainy. Ukrainoznavstvo: istorychni ta filosofs'ki nauky» [V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University Bulletin ‘History of Ukraine. Ukrainian Studies: Historical and Philosophical Sciences’], vyp. 17, 2013, s. 46–53. (In Ukrainian)
Chornyj, D. Chy mozhlyvi novi pidkhody do vyvchennia istorii mist Ukrainy, abo Kharkiv iak dzerkalo urbanistychnykh studij. V: V. Kravchenko, S. Posokhov (red.), U poshukakh oblychchia mista: Praktyky samoreprezentatsii mist Ukrainy v industrial'nu ta postindustrial'nu dobu. Kharkiv, 2021, s. 86–91. (In Ukrainian)
Dabrowski, P. Commemorations and the Shaping of Modern Poland. Bloomington, 2004.
Doroshenko, D. Moi spomyny pro davnie mynule (1901–1914). Kyiv, 2007. (In Ukrainian) Д
Dović, M. Venerating Poets and Writers in Europe. From Hero Cults to Nineteenth-Century Nationalist Commemoration. Studies on National Movements, no. 3, 2015, pp. 1–32.
Ekaterinoslav, 9-go aprelya. Ekaterinoslavskij yubilejnyj listok, no. 1, 9 aprelya 1887, s. 2–3. (In Russian)
Ekaterinoslav, 9-go maya. Ekaterinoslavskij yubilejnyj listok, no. 15, 9 maya 1887, s. 130–131. (In Russian)
Ekaterinoslavskaya zhizn' (xronika za nedelyu). Dneprovskaya molva, no. 2, 10 yanvarya 1899, s. 51–53. (In Russian)
Ekaterinoslavskaya zhizn' (xronika za nedelyu). Dneprovskaya molva, no. 7, 14 fevralya, 1899, s. 52–53. (In Russian)
Ekaterinoslavskaya zhizn' (xronika za nedelyu). Dneprovskaya molva, no. 20, 26 maya 1899, s. 626–628. (In Russian)
Ekaterinoslavskaya zhizn'. Pushkinskij prazdnik v Ekaterinoslave 26–27 maya 1899 goda. Dneprovskaya molva, no. 21, 30 maya 1899, s. 652–654. (In Russian)
Evtushenko, A. Yubilej kak sociokul'turnyj fenomen. Avtoreferat dissertacii na soiskanie uchenoj stepeni kandidata kul'turologii. Moskva, 2012. (In Russian)
Feltcher, A. Public festivities and the making of a national poet: a case study of Alexander Pushkin's biography in 1899 and 1937. European Review of History, no. 19 (5), 2012, pp. 767– 788.
Hajduk, O. Brians'kyj zavod: promyslovyj performans Dnipra. Dnipro kul'tura, 11 sichnia 2022, https://www.dnipro.libr.dp.ua/zavod_bryanskiy. Data perehliadu: 12 travnia 2022. (In Ukrainian)
Hendrix, H. Petrarch Commemorations 1804–1904. Nation-Building and Glocal Identities. In: J. Leerssen, A. Rigney (eds.), Commemorating Writers in Nineteenth-Century Europe. Nation-Building and Centenary Fever. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, pp. 117–133.
Isaievych, Ya. Yuvilei mist: L'viv, Kyiv i znovu L'viv. Problemy istorii Ukrainy: fakty, sudzhennia, poshuky, vyp. 16, 2007, s. 75–87. (In Ukrainian)
K yubilejnym torzhestvam. Yuzhnaya zarya, no. 1976, 16 yanvarya 1914, s. 3. (In Russian)
K yubileyu Doma Romanovyx. Yuzhnaya zarya, no. 1980, 20 yanvarya 1914, s. 4. (In Russian)
Khrystan, N. Mista Ukrainy ta ikh iuvilei v radians'kij istorychnij dumtsi. Naukovyj visnyk Chernivets'koho universytetu imeni Yuriia Fed'kovycha. Istoriia [The Journal of Chernivtsi National University. Series: History], no. 2, 2016, s. 122–128. (In Ukrainian)
Kocherhin, I. Sviatkuvannia storichchia mista Katerynoslava iak element formuvannia impers'koi urbanistychnoi tradytsii. Naukovi zapysky. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats' molodykh vchenykh ta aspirantiv, vyp. 18, 2009, s. 231–238. (In Ukrainian)
Kollmann, C. Historische Jubiläen als kollektive Identitätskonstruktion. Ein Planungsund Analyseraster. Stuttgart, 2014.
Krupyanskij, V. Vospominaniya pomeshhika Verxnedneprovskogo uezda Ekaterinoslavskoj gubernii kapitana … ob uchastii ego v vojnax s Turciej i Franciej v period 1807–1814 gg. Ekaterinoslav, 1912. (In Russian)
Kul'bach, O. Budynok orhannoi i kamernoi muzyky u Dnipri. Dnipro kul'tura, 2 liutoho 2021, https://www.dnipro.libr.dp.ua/Dom_organ_muzik. Data perehliadu: 12 travnia 2022. (In Ukrainian)
L. A. Kasso o prazdnovanii v shkolax krest'yanskogo yubileya. Russkaya pravda, no. 1221, 19 yanvarya, 1911, s. 2. (In Russian)
Leonova, O. Pershyj iuvilej Katerynoslava iak istoriohrafichne iavysche. Istoriia i kul'tura Prydniprov'ia: Nevidomi ta malovidomi storinky [History and Culture of the Prydniprovia Region: Unknown and Little-Known Pages], no. 8, 2011, s. 193–201. (In Ukrainian)
Lokot', F. Stoletie Ekaterinoslavskoj klassicheskoj gimnazii 1805–1905. Kratkij istoricheskij ocherk. Ekaterinoslav, 1908. (In Russian)
Lupienko, А. Definitions and Theories of Public Sphere. City: History, Culture, Society, no. 8, 2020, pp. 97–116.
Mazanik, A. Kul'turnyj povorot i rossijskaya istoricheskaya urbanistika. V: A. Miller (red.), Proshlyj vek. Moskva, 2013, s. 223–240. (In Russian)
Münch, P. Jubiläum, Jubiläum. Zur Geschichte öffentlicher und privater Erinnerung. Essen, 2005.
Novickij, Ya. Rasskazy deda Kravca. Ekaterinoslavskij yubilejnyj listok, no. 23, 29 maya 1887, s. 217–220. (In Russian)
Otte, T. Centenaries, Self-Historicization and the Mobilization of the Masses. In: T. Otte (ed.), The Age of Anniversaries. The Cult of Commemoration, 1825–1925. London and New York, 2018, pp. 1–35.
Portnov, A., Portnova, T. Stolica zastoya? Brezhnevskij mif Dnepropetrovska. Neprikosnovennyj zapas [Untouchable Reserve], no. 5(97), 2014, s. 71–87. (In Russian)
Portnova, T. Mis'ke seredovysche i modernizatsiia: Katerynoslav seredyny ХІХ — pochatku ХХ st. Dnipropetrovsk, 2008. (In Ukrainian)
Ricciardelli, F. The Journey of Faith: The Jubilee from it’s Origin to the Present. San José, 2000.
Rozhdestvenskij, A. Kratkij istoricheskij ocherk 10-letnego suchestvovaniya Ekaterinoslavskogo 2-go … real'nogo uchilishha: 1901–1911. Ekaterinoslav, 1911. (In Russian)
Prazdnovanie 300-letiya Doma Romanovyx. Yuzhnaya zarya, no. 1990, 2 fevralya 1914, s. 3. (In Russian)
Programma prazdnovaniya stoletnyago yubileya g. Ekaterinoslava. Ekaterinoslavskij yubilejnyj listok, no. 12, 3 maya 1887, c. 102–103. (In Russian)
Savenko, A. 1812 god i nashe vremya. Russkaya pravda, no. 1667, 24 iyulya 1912, s. 1–2. (In Russian)
Silvanovych, S. Formuvannia miskoho panteonu Katerynoslava u druhii polovyni ХІХ — na pochatku ХХ st. (za materialamy periodychnykh dovidkovo-statystychnykh vydan). V: V. Kravchenko, S. Posokhov (red.), U poshukakh oblychchia mista: Praktyky samoreprezentatsii mist Ukrainy v industrial'nu ta postindustrial'nu dobu. Kharkiv, 2021, s. 312–329. (In Ukrainian)
Shandra, V. Ukrainske misto u skladi Rosiiskoi imperii XIX st.: ohliad suchasnoi vitchyznianoi istoriohrafii. V: O. Reient (red.), Vid muriv do bul'variv: tvorennia modernoho mista v Ukraini (kinets' XVIII – pochatok XX st.). Kyiv, 2019, s. 10–26. (In Ukrainian)
Silvanovych, S. (a). Pidkhody do vyvchennia iuvileiv v suchasnij ukrains'kij istoriohrafii. “Dniprovs'ki istorychni chytannia”: Materialy Vseukrains'koi students'koi naukovopraktychnoi konferentsii (20–21 kvitnia 2023 r.). Dnipro, 2023, s. 81–85. (In Ukrainian)
Silvanovych, S. (b). Shevchenkiv mif u miskomu publichnomu prostori Katerynoslava kintsia XIX – pochatku XX st. Ukraine Historical Journal, no. 2 (569), 2023, s. 79–95. (In Ukrainian)
Stoletie Otechestvennoj vojny. Poryadok prazdnovaniya v g. Ekaterinoslave. Russkaya pravda, no. 1693, 25 avgusta 1912, s. 3. (In Russian)
Uortman, R. Scenarii vlasti. Mif i ceremoniya russkoj monarxii. Tom 2: Ot Aleksandra II do otrecheniya Nikolaya II. Per. s angl. Moskva, 2014. (In Russian)
Vereitenova, T. Prazdnik kak fenomen i koncept antropologii kul'tury. Nauka. Iskusstvo. Kul'tura, [Science. Arts. Culture], no. 4(8), 2015, s. 150–167. (In Russian)
Vladimirov, M. Pervoe stoletie g. Ekaterinoslava 1787 – 9 maya – 1887. Ekaterinoslav, 1887. (In Russian)
Xronika. Ekaterinoslavskij yubilejnyj listok, № 13, 5 maya 1887, c. 142. (In Russian)
Xronika. Ekaterinoslavskij yubilejnyj listok, № 15, 9 maya 1887, c. 238. (In Russian)
Yubilejnye torzhestva v Ekaterinoslave. Russkaya pravda, № 1695, 28 avgusta 1912, s. 4–5. (In Russian)
Zhurba, O. Istoriia Katerynoslavs'koi istoriohrafii ХІХ – pochatku ХХ stolittia. Universum Historiae et Archeologiae [Universum of History and Archeology], no. 2, 2019, s. 214–222. (In Ukrainian)
Zvidomlennia pro diial'nist' Yuvilejnoho Shevchenkovoho komitetu v Katerynoslavi. Katerynoslav, 1915. (In Ukrainian)
Copyright (c) 2024 Serhii Silvanovych
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
