Plagiarism Prevention. The Journal rejects any submissions that fail to comply with anti-plagiarism requirements.

In accordance with the regulations governing the system for the prevention and detection of academic plagiarism in scholarly and educational works of staff members and higher education students at V.N.Karazin Kharkiv National University, the editorial board verifies all articles accepted for publication for the absence of academic plagiarism prior to their submission to the Faculty Academic Council of the University’s periodical scholarly publication. A formal report confirming the results of this verification is prepared and signed by the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal.

The following are considered forms of plagiarism:

• copying and presenting another author’s work as one’s own;
• verbatim copying of text fragments (ranging from a phrase to a series of sentences) from another work without proper citation;
• making minor modifications to copied material (such as rephrasing sentences or altering word order) without appropriate citation;
• excessive use of paraphrasing. Paraphrasing is understood as the restatement in one’s own words of another author’s ideas, concepts, or text; its essence lies in the substitution of words (symbols), set expressions, or sentences when using any scholarly work authored by others (whether preserved in electronic or print form, including materials available on the Internet).

Plagiarism after publication

If plagiarism is identified after publication, the editorial board conducts an investigation of the case. Should plagiarism be confirmed, the editorial office will contact the author. The pages containing plagiarized material will be marked in the PDF file. Depending on the extent of the plagiarism, the publication may also be retracted (removed).

Recommendations for avoiding plagiarism:

• use quotation marks for words reproduced verbatim from a source;
• do not alter any part of a quotation within the context of a sentence;
• use appropriate notation to indicate a quotation within a quotation;
• use an ellipsis (a space followed by three dots) to indicate omitted portions of a quotation;
• use brackets to insert your own words into a quotation;
• limit the use of direct quotations;
• whenever possible, paraphrase or synthesize information derived from various sources using your own words.

Authors are responsible for obtaining copyright permission for the reproduction of illustrations, tables, and figures taken from other authors and/or sources. Such permission must be indicated beneath each respective item.

All submitted materials undergo plagiarism screening using specialized software and the online plagiarism detection system StrikePlagiarism.com (owned by Plagiat.pl). The system determines Similarity Index 1 (the percentage of text indicating the level of overlap identified in specific sources, consisting of text fragments of at least five words) and Similarity Index 2 (the percentage of text indicating the level of overlap identified in specific sources, consisting of text fragments of at least twenty-five words).

The recommended thresholds of originality for articles are as follows:

• Similarity Index 1 – no more than 25%;
• Similarity Index 2 – no more than 10%.

The final decision regarding the presence of plagiarism or the legitimacy of overlaps identified by the plagiarism detection system rests with the Journal’s editorial board.