Eparchial Women’s Schools in Ukraine in the First Two Decades of the 20th Century: Reform vs Stagnation?
Abstract
The paper explores the history of eparchial women’s schools during the first decades of the 20th century. These institutions underwent certain changes in their educational practices during the second half of the 19th century. However, problems gradually accumulated, which led to their lagging behind other women’s secondary schools in a number of aspects. In the early 20th century, there were many initiatives to reorganize them and adapt them to the modern times. The article considers the complex process that eparchial schools went through in order to match the educational level of women’s gymnasiums. Examining the changes in the educational process that were introduced as a result of the active participation of students of theological schools in the revolutionary events of 1905–1907, the author notes the close similarity of the demands made by students of eparchial schools and seminaries, because they concerned the most basic features and functioning of the entire network of theological educational institutions. The paper analyzes the draft of the new 1915 statute of the eparchial schools and compares it with the statute of 1868. The 1915 statute was developed over several years; its articles were discussed at various meetings of the Educational Committee of the Holy Synod and a special commission set up to negotiate requirements and proposals for the reform of the eparchial women’s schools. Particular attention is paid to the articles devoted to the modernization of the educational process. The author considers the sessions of the All-Russian Congress of Teachers of Theological Institutions and the All-Russian Congress of Clergy and Laity, which took place in the spring of 1917 and discussed further ways to transform these institutions. Attention is given to the process of the gradual liquidation of the entire system of theological education after the Bolsheviks seized power. It is concluded that the eparchial women’s schools underwent a continuous process of reform during the first decades of the 20th century, but these changes did not solve all of the problems that had accumulated over their history.
Downloads
References
Chego mozhno zhelat’ ot eparkhial’nykh zhenskikh uchilishch. Tserkovnyi vestnik, no. 52, 1904, s. 1649-1650. (In Russian)
Dekrety Sovetskoi vlasti. T. 1: 25 oktiabria 1917 g. – 16 marta 1918 g. Moskva, 1957. (In Russian)
Dekrety Sovetskoi vlasti. T. 2: 17 marta – 10 iiulia 1918 g. Moskva, 1959. (In Russian)
Filevskii, I. K voprosu o preobrazovanii nyneshnego eparkhial’nogo zhenskogo uchilishcha. Iuzhnyi krai, 3 oktiabria, 1905, s. 4. (In Russian)
Golikov, A. O podgotovke vospitannits eparkhial’nykh zhenskikh uchilishch k uchitel’stvu v narodnykh shkolakh. Narodnoe obrazovanie, no. 9, 1896, s.5-22; no. 10, s. 57-67; no. 11, s.16-36. (In Russian)
Izvlecheniia iz predstavlennykh eparkhial’nymi preosviashchennymi sviateishemu Sinodu soobrazhenii sovetov eparkhial’nykh zhenskikh uchilishch po voprosu ob izmeneniiakh, zhelatel’nykh v stroe etikh uchilishch. Sankt-Peterburg, 1906. (In Russian)
Kapralova, E. O novoi zadachi dlia eparkhial’nykh uchilishch. Tserkovnyi vestnik, no. 35, 1904, s. 1100-1102. (In Russian)
Kobchenko, K. A. “Zhinochyii universytet Sviatoi Ol’gy”: istoriia Kyivskykh vyshchykh zhinochykh kursiv. Kyiv, 2007. (In Ukrainian)
Krasnov, M. Eparkhial’nye zhenskie uchilishcha. Obrazovanie, no. 12, 1892, s. 221-227. (In Russian)
Kuznetsov, A. Eparkhial’nye zhenskie uchilishcha (po povodu ispolnivshegosia sorokaletiia ustava etikh uchilishch). Tserkovnye vedomosti, no.3, 1909, s. 120-124; no. 4, 1909, s. 178-183; no. 5, 1909, s. 229-234; no. 6, 1909, s. 283-286; no. 7, 1909, s. 340-344; no. 8, 1909, s. 379-382; no. 10, 1909, s. 460-463; no. 11, 1909, s. 514-518. (In Russian)
K voprosu o nuzhdakh eparkhial’nykh zhenskikh uchilishch. Obrazovanie, no. 5-6, 1894, s. 512-521. (In Russian)
K voprosu o shtatakh prepodavatelei v eparkhial’nykh zhenskikh uchilishchakh. Tserkovnyi vestnik, no. 35, 1897, s. 1105-1109. (In Russian)
Lysenko, S. Eparkhial’ni uchylyshcha iak shliakh osvity ta sotsializatsii zhinok u XIX – na pochatku XX st. Molodʹ i rynok. Shchomisiachnyi naukovo-pedahohichnyi zhurnal [Youth And Market. Monthly Scientific-Pedagogical Journa]l, no. 1, 2013, s. 57-62. (In Ukrainian)
Novik, E. K voprosu ob otkrytii VII klassa pri Tavricheskom Eparkhial’nom zhenskom uchilishche. Tavricheskie eparkhial’nye vedomosti, no. 12, 1886, s. 661-665. (In Russian)
Nyzhnikova, S. V. Eparkhial’ni zhinochi uchylyshcha v Ukraini (druga polovyna XIX – pochatok XX st.). Kharkiv, 2018. (In Ukrainian)
Nyzhnikova, S. V. Eparkhial’ni zhinochi uchylyshcha v roky Ukrains’koi revoliutsii: problema statusu ta restrukturyzatsii. U: “Ivan Klymentiiovych Rybalka: zhyttia, tvorchist’, doslidzhennia”. Materialy naukovykh chytan’ pamiati profesora I. K. Rybalky (m. Kharkiv, 26 chervnia 2019 r.). Kharkiv, 2019, s. 65-67. (In Ukrainian)
Opredelenie Sv. Sinoda ot 23 avgusta – 5 sentiabria 1907 goda za № 5077, o nekotorykh izmeneniiakh v uchebnom kurse eparkhial’nykh zhenskikh uchilishchakh. Tserkovnye vedomosti, no. 36, 1907, s. 324-329. (In Russian)
Ot uchebnogo komiteta pri Sv. Sinode. Vserossiiskii tserkovno-obshchestvennyi vestnik, no. 79, 1917, 28 iiulia, s. 3-4. (In Russian)
Poletaev, N. K voprosu o peresmotre ustava eparkhial’nykh zhenskikh uchilishch. Tserkovnyi vestnik, no. 50, 1893, s. 789-790; no. 51, s. 805-806. (In Russian)
Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii. Sobranie 2. Sankt-Peterburg, 1885. (In Russian)
Polozhenie o sed’mom dopolnitel’nom pedagogicheskom klasse pri eparkhial’nykh zhenskikh uchilishchakh. Tserkovnye vedomosti, no. 41, 1907, s. 362-366. (In Russian)
Popova, O. D. V stenakh konvikta (Ocherki povsednevnoi zhizni zhenskikh eparkhial’nykh uchilishch). Riazan’. 2006. (In Russian)
Rosiis’kyi derzhavnyi istorychnyi arkhiv (RDIA), f. 802, op. 9, spr. 21. O sostavlenii normal’nykh programm po predmetam kursa shestiklassnykh eparkhial’nykh zhenskikh uchilishch, 669 ark. (In Russian)
RDIA, f. 802, op. 10, spr. 57A. Ob izmeneniiakh v uchebno-vospitatel’nom otnoshenii eparkhial’nykh zhenskikh uchilishch, 351 ark. (In Russian)
RDIA, f. 802, op. 10, spr. 76. O vremennom prekrashchenii uchebnykh zaniatii v eparkhial’nykh zhenskikh uchilishchakh, 51 ark. (In Russian)
RDIA, f. 802, op. 11, spr. 20. Po eparkhial’nym zhenskim uchilishcham (doklady i zhurnaly), 64 ark. (In Russian)
RDIA, f. 802, op. 11, spr. 80. O reforme eparkhial’nykh zhenskikh uchilishch, 159 ark. (In Russian)
Semenov, D. Eparkhial’nye zhenskie uchilishcha za pervoe piatidesiatiletie ikh sushchestvovaniia. Russkaia shkola, no. 9, 10, 1893, s. 26-37; no. 11, 1893, s. 29-48; no. 12, 1893, s. 12-17. (In Russian)
Shishatskii, D. VII pedagogicheskii klass pri Tavricheskom eparkhial’nom zhenskom uchilishche, kak sredstvo prakticheski podgotovit’ vospitannits k uchebno-vospitatel’nomu delu. Tavricheskie eparkhial’nye vedomosti, no. 8, 1886, s. 461-467. (In Russian)
Stepanenko, G. V. Zhinochi dukhovni shkoly v Ukraini y XIX – na pochatku XX st.: shliakh vid elementarnoi do fakhovoi pedagogichnoi osvity. Problemy istorii Ukrainy XIX–XX st. [Problems of the History of Ukraine of the XIX–XX Centuries], no. 13, 2007, s. 184-196. (In Ukrainian)
Vserossiiskii s”ezd pedagogov dukhovno-uchebnykh zavedenii. Vserossiiskii tserkovno-obshchestvennyi vestnik, no. 40, 1917, 3 iiunia, s. 2-3. (In Russian)
Zabytyi ugolok (K voprosu o polozhenii uchebno-vospitatel’nogo personala v eparkhial’nykh zhenskikh uchilishchakh). Russkaia shkola, no. 2, 1912, s. 84-97. (In Russian)
Copyright (c) 2021 Svitlana Nyzhnikova
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
