Event concept of EMPATHY in English juvenile fantasy prose
Abstract
The article deals with the research of lingual cognitive and pragmatic aspects of empathy in juvenile fantasy prose. It reveals the nature of empathy from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, linguistic emotiology, and pragmalinguistics. The properties of empathy verbalization in juvenile fantasy prose are researched, namely the lexical and grammatical means of verbalization of the corresponding concepts and empathic illocutionary types of psychological support in discursive contexts of the English juvenile fantasy prose. The implementation of both pragmatic and lingual cognitive research findings in the light of cognitive-discursive paradigm revealed the basis of empathy conceptualization and the multifaceted empathic context. The interpretation of empathy meaning is performed by means of schematic cognitive mapping, as well as via establishing the correlation of empathy determinants in discursive contexts which present the communicative strategy of empathy. The componential analysis of definitions of various affective and cognitive states and processes connected with empathy, such as compassion, understanding, sympathy etc., as well as their antonyms, and determination of weight, status and hierarchy of the corresponding semes in vocabulary definitions, showed that generally accepted and empirically proved division of empathy into affective and cognitive is reflected in the language. The analyses revealed affective (feeling, sympathy, sorrow) cognitive (knowledge, ability, understanding) semes in the definitions of empathy types attributing them to either affective or cognitive group. Types of empathy, which belong to the same affective or cognitive group, are not equal in the degree of empathy manifestation. The factor or driving force for upgrading (or downgrading) to a different level is action. While partly addressing social functioning, empathy is turned to cognition and emotion, thus being framed as a social psychological event concept. As an event concept empathy emerges in consciousness and in verbal behavior under the influence of human activity in a certain communicative-pragmatic situation, arising in a variety of constituents of the cognitive and affective parcels of the domain of empathy and unfolding in two scripts which reflect its active and passive manifestations.
Downloads
References
Anishchenko, А. А. (2015). Sposoby funktsyonirovaniya katehoriyi vezhlivosti v empatiinom rechevom akte ponimaniya [Means of functioning of politeness category in the empathic speech act of understanding]. Vestnik Bashkirskoho universiteta, 2(4), 1348–1351.
Chesnokov, I. I. (2009). Mest’ kak emotsional’nyy povedencheskiy kontsept (opyt kognitivno-kommunikativnogo opisaniya v kontekste russkoy lingvokul’tury) [Revenge as emotional behavioral concept]: avtoref. diss ...dokt. filol. nauk. Volgograd.
Clausner, T., & Croft, W. (1999). Domains and image schemas. Cognitive Linguistics, 10(1), 1–31.
Fillmore, Ch. (1982). Frame semantics. In Linguistics in the morning calm (pp. 111–137). Seoul: Hanshin Publishing Company. 23
Ivanotchak, N. I. (2017). Linhvokohnityvni i prahmatychni parametry empatii v anhlomovnii dytyachii prozi zhanru fentezi [Linguocognitive and pragmatic aspects of empathy in juvenile fantasy prose]. (Unpublished candidate dissertation). V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine. (in Ukrainian)
Lakoff, G. (2003). Metaphors we live by. London: The University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, G. (2001). Metaphors of terror. Retrieved from http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~rapaport/575/F01/lakoff.on.terrorism.html
Langacker, R. (2008). Cognitive grammar: a basic introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kravchenko, A. V. (2012). “Reprezentatsiya myslitelnykh struktur v yazyke” kak tema nauchnoho diskursa [“Thought structures representation in language” as the topic for scientific discourse]. Kohnitivnye issledovaniya yazyka, 12. Retrieved from http://www.univie.ac.at/constructivism/archive/fulltexts/828.pdf
Kuznetsova, A. А. (2010). Illokutivnuye tipy verbalnoho proyavleniya empatiyi [Illocutional types of empathy explication] In Vestnik Bashkirskoho universiteta, 15, 2, 360–363.
Martynyuk, A. P. (2016). Konitivno-komunikativnaya lingvistika: v poiskakh bazovykh printsipov i metodik analiza [Cognitive-communicative linguistics: in search of basic principles and methods of analysis] In Cognition, Communication, Discourse, 12, 17–35. https://doi.org/10.26565/2218-2926-2016-12-02
Minsky, M. (1975). A framework for representing knowledge (pp. 211–277). In P. H. Winston (Ed.), The psychology of computer vision. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Morozova, E. I. (2005). Lozh kak diskursivnoye obrazovaniye: linhvokohnitivnyi aspekt [Lying as a discourse formation: linguocognitive aspect]. Kharkov: Ekograf.
Nickerson, R. S., Butler, S. F., & Carlin, M. (2009). Empathy and knowledge Projection. In J. Decety, & W. Ickes (Eds.), The social neuroscience of empathy (pp. 43–56). Cambridge: MIT Press.
Nikitin, М. V. (2004). Razvernutye tezisy o kontseptakh [Extended issues on concepts]. Voprosy kohnitivnoi linhvistiki, 1(001), 53–64.
Prykhodko, A. M. (2008). Kontsepty i kontseptosystemy v kohnityvno-dyskursyvnii paradyhmi linhvistyky [Concepts and conceptual systems in cognitive-discursive linguistic paradigm]. Zaporizhzhya: Premyer.
Schwartz, W. (2013). The parameters of empathy: core considerations for psychotherapy and supervision. Advances in descriptive psychology, 10, 203–218.
Shevchenko, I. (2015). Kontsept kommunikativnogo povedenia i zhanr [The concept of communicative behaviour and genre] Zhanry rechi, 1, 24–30.
Shevchenko, I. S. (2014). Kontsepty kommunikativnoho povedeniya v kohnitivno-diskursivnoi paradihme [Communicative behavior concepts in cognitive-discursive paradigm]. Vestnik MHPU. Seriya “Filologiya. Teoriya yazyka. Yazykovoye obrazovaniye”, 1(13), 110–120.
Shnyakina, N. Yu. (2015). Arkhitektura cobytiinoho kontsepta (na primere verbalizirovannoi situatsii poznaniya zapakha). [Event concept architecture (on the example of verbalized situation of smelling comprehention]. Filolohicheskiye nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktiki, 10 (52), 201–204.
Stanger, N., Kavussanu, M., & Ring, Ch. (2012). Put yourself in their boots: effects of empathy on emotion and aggression. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 34, 208–222.
Tatsenko, N. V. (2015). Katehoriya empatii kriz’ pryzmu linhvistychnoyi emotiolohiyi [The category of empathy from the perspective of linguistic emotiology]. Filolohichni traktaty, 7, 1, 50–60.
Tatsenko, N. V. (2017). Realizatsiya empatii v suchasnomy anhlomovnomu dyskursi: kohnityvno-synerhetychyi aspect [Empathy realization in contemporary English discourse: cognitive-synergetic aspect]. Sumy: Sumskyi derzhavnyi universytet. 24
Zhabotinskaya, S. A. (2009). Onomasiologicheskiye modeli i cobytiinyie skhemy [Onomasiological models and event schemes]. Visnyk Kharkivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni V.N. Karazina, 837, 3–14.
Zhabotynska, S. A. (2013). Im’a kak tekst: konczeptual’naya set’ leksicheskogo znacheniya (analiz imeni emoczii) [The name as a text: conceptual network of lexical meaning (analysis of the name of emotion)]. Cognition, communication, discourse, 6, 47–76. https://doi.org/10.26565/2218-2926-2013-06-04
Copyright (c) 2020 Nataliia Ivanotchak, Oksana Doichyk
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors, who publish with this journal, accept the following conditions:
The authors reserve the copyright of their work and transfer to the journal the right of the first publication of this work under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Non-Derivs License (CC BY-NC-ND), which allows other persons to freely distribute a published work with mandatory reference to the authors of the original work and the first publication of the work in this journal.
Authors have the right to enter into separate additional agreements for the non-exclusive dissemination of the work in the form in which it was published by this journal (for example, to post the work in the electronic institutions' repository or to publish as part of a monograph), provided that the link to the first publication of the work in this journal is given.
The journal policy allows and encourages the authors to place the manuscripts on the Internet (for example, in the institutions' repositories or on personal websites), both before the presentation of this manuscript to the editorial board and during review procedure, as it contributes to the creation of productive scientific discussion and positively affects the efficiency and dynamics of citing the published work (see The Effect of Open Access).
