ВПЛИВ ШОКОВИХ ЗМІН ДОХОДІВ ТА СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ЗАХИСТУ НА ПРОДОВОЛЬЧУ БЕЗПЕКУ СІЛЬСЬКИХ ДОМОГОСПОДАРСТВ ПІД ЧАС ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-19 У ПОСТРАЖДАЛИХ ВІД КОНФЛІКТУ ШТАТАХ НА ПІВНОЧІ НІГЕРІЇ
Анотація
Соціальний захист є одним з основних інструментів політики, спрямованих на подолання вразливості домогосподарств до потрясінь з доходами та бідності в усьому світі. У Нігерії пандемія COVID-19 стала подвійною трагедією для сільських домогосподарств на півночі Нігерії через те, що до пандемії вони зазнали кількох шоків доходів та конфліктів. Тому в цьому дослідженні було проаналізовано вплив шокових змін у доходах та соціальному захисті на відчуття продовольчої незахищеності (ВПН). Дані були зібрані Продовольчою та сільськогосподарською організацією ООН (ФАО) в рамках моніторингу даних у надзвичайних ситуаціях (DIEM) від 4412 домогосподарств у двох раундах у 2021 та 2022 роках. Дані були проаналізовані за допомогою негативної біноміальної регресії та ефектів лікування за допомогою оцінювача регресії. Результати показали, що більшість респондентів є постійними мешканцями (94,88%), а найбільшими шоками для їхніх доходів були високі ціни на продукти харчування (34,00%), насильство (23,07%), високі ціни на паливо (20,24%) та втрата роботи (11,65%). Соціальну допомогу у вигляді продовольчих та грошових ваучерів отримали 5,92% та 2,61% відповідно. При легкому рівні продовольчої незахищеності 67,84% турбувалися про їжу, 71,48% їли менш здорову їжу і 71,62% їли мало їжі, тоді як при хронічному рівні 23,13% обходилися без їжі протягом цілого дня. Негативна біноміальна регресія показала, що рівень освіти, наявність чоловіка на чолі сім'ї, дохід та постійне місце проживання значно зменшують (p<0,05) очікувану кількість випадків ВПН. Середній ефект лікування (СЕЛ) показав, що втрата роботи, інші шоки для домогосподарств, високі ціни на продукти харчування, інші економічні шоки, хвороби тварин, насильство та незахищеність значно підвищили (p<0,05) ВПН, тоді як спалахи шкідників знизили його. Крім того, ті, хто отримував продовольство, мали значно вищі значення ВПН (p<0,05). Було зроблено висновок, що під час пандемії COVID-19 шокові зміни в доходах сприяли зростанню ВПН, тоді як соціальна допомога незначною мірою вирішила цю проблему. Рекомендовано, щоб зусилля, спрямовані на подолання продовольчої нестабільності, враховували гендерні аспекти, були спрямовані на захист життя та майна людей, а також сприяли просвітницькій роботі серед сільських домогосподарств.
Завантаження
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