Social economics

SOCIOECONOMIC POLICY EVALUATION: PARTISANSHIP AND PARTISAN BIAS EFFECT

Tamara Merkulova — 2023-07-11

Public support of socioeconomic reforms is one of the most important factors for their successful implementation, and conversely, lack of public approval doesn’t allow achieving the expected effect and may result in negative externalities. In this regard, it is relevant to study the origins of people’s opinions and factors affecting their evaluation of social and economic policies. This paper is devoted to the following aspects of this multidimensional problem as partisanship and partisan bias. Their research has been actively promoted by foreign scientists, but so far presented extremely limited in Ukrainian literature. In this paper the critical review of foreign scientific papers devoted to this topic is presented; the main hypotheses about the influence of party identification on public opinion and the effect of partisan bias are highlighted; features of the methodology are noted and research results are summarized. The methodology used by foreign specialists for research of this problem is based on experimental methods, among them the main place belongs to laboratory experiments. A laboratory experiment means observing people’s behavior (participants’ behavior) under strictly controlled conditions when the influence of uncontrolled factors is limited to a minimum. In foreign studies of partisan bias and its influence on citizens' evaluation of socioeconomic policies, laboratory experiments serve as the main tool for testing hypotheses. The results of the research give evidence, on the one hand, that the partisan bias mechanism provides wide possibilities to manipulate the people’s opinion and public opinion in general, on the other hand, that correct objective information about the policy content and goals can significantly weaken the partisan bias effect. Foreign studies prove that party signal influence depends on the people’s properties, policy content, political systems, and party characteristics. In Ukraine, there is a lack its own research in this field, however, as democratic institutions, civil society, and people’s political consciousness and activity develop, these studies become more relevant to the political and economic life in Ukrainian society.

THE IMPACT OF INTELLECTUAL MIGRATION ON THE COUNTRY`S INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT

Olena Oliinyk — 2023-07-11

In the scientific article, the author investigated the approaches of domestic and foreign scientists to the definition of "intellectual migration" and its impact on the innovative development of the country. The author analysed the dynamics and structure of the number of issued first employment permits for migrants from Ukraine in the countries of the European Union. The share of first permits for intellectual migrants from Ukraine (EU Blue Card, highly qualified workers and researchers) on average for 27 EU countries was 0.25% in 2021. The structural analysis in the regional section made it possible to assert the priority of employment of highly educated Ukrainians in 2021 in such EU countries as Cyprus, the Netherlands, Austria, and Luxembourg. In order to analyse trends in intellectual migration in Ukraine, the author used the indicators "Brain gain" and "Brain retention" in The Global Talent Competitiveness Index, "Human Flight and Brain Drain" in The Fragile States Index. The value of the indicators and their dynamic analysis made it possible to position Ukraine as a donor country of intellectual migrants for other countries. The author investigated the relationship between indicators of intellectual migration and innovative development of the country, the basic indicator of which is The Global Innovation Index. The obtained values of pairwise correlation coefficients demonstrate a close relationship between intellectual migration and innovative development of the country, as the calculated values exceed |0.7|. The obtained results proved the negative effect of the departure of highly qualified persons abroad on the innovative capacity of the native country (-0.838) and the positive effect of the arrival of intellectual migrants to the country of destination (0.731). In order to detail the relationship, the author developed an economic-mathematical model of the form y=-4.5662х+60.153, which proves that with the increase in the value of the indicator "Human Flight and Brain Drain" in The Global Talent Competitiveness Index, the value of the Global Innovation Index decreases.

THE INTELLECTUAL POTENTIAL ECONOMIC ESSENCE AS AN OBJECT OF THE ENTERPRISE’S INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY MANAGEMENT

Halyna Ostrovska — 2023-07-11

The article examines the intellectual potential economic essence as an object of the enterprise’s innovative management in the of the knowledge-based economy formation. We studied the conditions that limit the development of economic system subjects intellectual potential. We note that in the context of substantiating the enterprise’s intellectual potential, we focuse attention on two aspects at the same time: the set of knowledge holders – people who are oriented towards cognitive and transformative activity, and the set of knowledge presented in material and technical forms. The study carries out periodization of scientific ideas development regarding intellectual potential. We substantiate modern approaches to the enterprise’s intellectual potential concept definition and highlight a number of differences that complicate the development of practical recommendations in the context of increasing the business entities competitive advantages in relation to other market participants.The study establishes a conceptual boundary regarding the categories of intellectual resources, intellectual capital, intellectual property and intellectual activity at the microeconomic level. We expand the classification of socio-economic factors that affect the modern enterprises intellectual potential reproduction and carry out the personal intellectual potential structuring in the context of human activity based on the enterprises’ innovative activity realities. We prove that each personal intellectual potential element is a set of possibilities, as a result of their interaction, a synergistic effect achievement. The inner nature of the intellectual potential reveales through the functions it performs. The study characterises intellectual potential levels in the context of the relationship with institutional and organizational structures and determines the main means influencing its formation and development. We developed a comprehensive methodological approach to the study of intellectual potential essence, taking into account the knowledge-based economy specifics.

DIGITAL SERVICES AND PORTALS FOR MIGRANTS IN THE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM

Iryna Sushyk — 2023-07-11

The purpose of the study is to show the features of the digital transformation of society and the social sphere, in particular, using digital services and portals for migrants in the social security system. The following tasks have been set to achieve the goal: to find and analyze regulatory and legal documents that regulate and accompany the process of digital transformation of society and social sphere in particular. We proved the need for digital transformation of the social sphere as a way to improve social support for citizens in war conditions, including migrants, to justify the reasons for the sharp increase of Ukrainian migrants in the world and to determine their needs for social protection and social security. We analyzed official web portals, digital services and applications for migrants in terms of providing them with electronic services.

The work uses such research methods as content analysis, comparison, synthesis, method of systematization of scientific statements, statistical methods (index method, method of statistical grouping, analysis of dynamic series). We monitored and analyzed social networks in order to obtain and structure data. In particular, the resource approach made it possible to analyze the content of social networks, to analyze the network content focused specifically on the category of migrants, to classify it and to draw conclusions. We conducted web analytics of the official state portals of the Ministry of Social Policy, Ministry of Digital Affairs, Ministry of Reintegration, international and public organizations according to parameters such as information content with useful content, convenient navigation, design, analysis of site visit statistics, etc.

The study finds the importance of using digital services and portals for migrants in the social security system. We noted how the demand for digital transformation of the social sphere is a way to improve social support for citizens in war conditions, including migrants. The study analyzes the legal framework, in particular the Strategy of Digital Transformation of the Social Sphere (2020), the Law on the Unified Information System of the Social Sphere (2021), the Concept of Development of the Digital Economy and Society of Ukraine for 2018-2020, etc.

The article drew attention to a number of documents of the government and the Ministry of Social Policy regarding the simplification and reduction in time of the process of receiving social benefits and services for citizens, solving many social issues through access to the computer network, the use of digital services, portals and platforms.

The study provides data on internal and external migration and substantiates the reasons for the sharp increase in the number of Ukrainian migrants in the world caused by the global migration crisis and the Russian-Ukrainian war.

Ukraine recorded the largest number of internally displaced persons in Europe since the end of the Second World War, the eighth place in terms of internally displaced persons in the world. The active phase of the Russian-Ukrainian war since February 2022 became a pushing factor and led to the emergence of a new numerical category of the population - war refugees.

Examples of a large number of digital services, portals, applications and with useful information for migrants from Ukraine regarding their faster adaptation and obtaining the necessary e-services in the countries of Poland, the Czech Republic, and Lithuania are given.

The article demonstrates the joint efforts and effective steps of the Ministry of Digital Affairs and the Ministry of Social Policy regarding the digital transformation of the social sphere and analyzes the official web portal of the State Migration Service of Ukraine in terms of providing electronic services. Statistics of citizens' appeals confirms the effectiveness of digital electronic services. The article notes Ukraine's global innovations regarding the use of digital documents (e-passports) in the Diya application, which have the same legal force as their physical counterparts - a plastic ID card and a paper passport, despite some limitations. The action continues to develop, generating new applications e-Notary, e-Property, e-Migration, e-IDP, etc. Currently, 14 digital documents and 25 services are available in the application, and more than 90 services are available on the portal. The Ministry of Digital Affairs communicates with countries in Europe, Africa and Asia, which are interested in Ukraine's digital experience. The importance of migration forecasting using new analytical tools of Big Data, Google Trends, statistics of social network platforms (YouTube, Instagram, FB, Twitter) was noted, which can be used to assess and forecast flows of forced emigration of refugees from Ukraine, understanding their needs, intentions and plans.

The study expresses a warning that massive waves of migration caused, including the war in Ukraine, could become a destabilizing factor within the European Union community and proves on the example of domestic and foreign experience that global migration processes will require taking interests of migrants into account, as a large and growing community in the world, in the policy of providing electronic services and electronic governance of the host countries. The conclusion formulates that for world balance and security of individual regions and countries, the migration policy should contain digital tools for information and social security of migrants.

MANAGING THE ASSORTMENT OF THE MANUFACTURER`S CONSUMER GOODS

Viktor Rozhko — 2023-07-11

The article is devoted to certain aspects of the activities of product manufacturers in modern conditions - the development of recommendations for improving the management of the assortment of consumer goods. The stages of formation of a model for managing the assortment of a consumer goods manufacturer are defined, starting with the formation of an information base for management of the distribution policy, until the selection of the final strategy for managing the assortment of the enterprise. A study of the distribution channels of Kharkiv Meat Factory LLC and Kharkiv Dairy Factory PJSC shows that the main volume of products is sold through several intermediaries. At the same time, the increase in the final sale price is the result of the promotion of consumer goods through several intermediaries. It is proposed to reduce the chain of goods movement due to the creation of a joint distribution center by the manufacturer and the trade network. The process of modeling the company's assortment is very complex, which requires the use of a comprehensive approach. A comprehensive approach to the development of an assortment model consists in taking into account the elements of the company's assortment policy based on the application of heuristic methods of forecasting the sales volume of consumer goods, which predict the influence of external factors. Therefore, the article developed methodological recommendations for the construction of a management model for the process of forming the assortment of a consumer goods manufacturer as a system of theoretical and methodological views on understanding and defining the essence, content, goals, tasks, principles of forecasting sales volumes and distribution management methods, as well as organizational practical approaches to the formation of the mechanism of their implementation in the specific conditions of the operation of the enterprise. The proposed approach based on a flexible, competitive assortment model will allow to increase the competitiveness of domestic manufacturing enterprises and retail enterprises, which is absolutely necessary in the conditions of Ukraine's accession to the WTO.

INNOVATIONS OF BUSINESS PLANNING IN THE MARKET ECONOMIC SYSTEM

Svitlana Babych — 2023-07-11

The purpose of this article is to identify the latest trends in business planning. In order to achieve the defined goal, the research envisages solving the following tasks: providing a description of the traditional, classical approach to business planning; definition of modern trends in entrepreneurial activity and highlighting ways of adapting the business planning system to new challenges. business planning in the context of a traditional approach loses its effectiveness in the face of a changing business environment and new social trends. Transnational companies, companies with a complex subordinate structure should take into account the existence of a relationship between the processes of business planning and the coordination of the activities of divisions, including not only of a hierarchical nature, but also in the horizontal plane. Interaction between units outside the hierarchy takes place according to the "facilitation" pattern. Digitization has added a new DAM digital asset management strategy to the strategic planning of global enterprises, which allows you to avoid pitfalls in the joint use of a digital asset by structural divisions of the enterprise. Each company that chooses a DAM strategy for itself within the business plan should evaluate the future benefits according to three vectors: efficiency; avoiding unnecessary expenses; additional income. The traditional approach in business planning is suitable for the implementation of projects in a predictable environment, at the same time, for the launch of startups, where the plan is based on numerous assumptions, for now, discovery-driven planning is best. Prospects for further research on the topic of this article are related to the assessment of qualitative and quantitative parameters of the effectiveness of business planning in Ukraine.

SCIENCE-POLICY INTERFACE IN REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: CASE OF HELCOM IN THE BALTIC CONTEXT

Uyanga Tsenddorj — 2023-07-11

The regional environmental cooperation in the Baltic Sea is the leading and “forerunner” model for managing environmental challenges at the regional level. The Baltic case is very often emphasized from the perspective of the successful implementation of non-binding recommendations toward marine environment management and the political will of contracting countries toward regional environmental cooperation. Despite four decades efforts, the Baltic region is a peculiar and unique case where long-term human-induced pressures and its fragile ecosystem cause even more challenges for regional states. In this study, we investigated the Baltic case from the perspective of the science-policy interface and used data from HELCOM (Helsinki Commission) Stakeholders Conferences organized from 2006 to 2022. The science-policy is regarded as the key processes in environmental protection and management. We conducted the qualitative research based on the document review tracing down interactions and activities of major stakeholders. We found that the Baltic case has led a long-term traditional science-policy processes where there has been a strong presence of scientific community aiming at providing the best available scientific knowledge for marine environment protection and management, and developing the database for decision-making. The Baltic regional cooperation has recently progressed towards involving citizen science, deliberation, and participatory approaches. The stakeholders agreed that to implement the ambitious BSAP into practice and concrete actions, the further development of civil councils, public participation, and multi-sectoral involvement is crucial for robust knowledge production in regional environmental management. From the institutional perspective, the working groups within the HELCOM can facilitate the mediation of scientific communities and societal actors. These groups can serve as boundary organizations in the science-policy interface.

DIAGNOSTICS OF FINANCIAL SECURITY IN THE INTERNAL AUDIT SYSTEM OF THE ENTERPRISE

Inna Berzhanir — 2023-07-11

The purpose of writing the article is to diagnose the indicators that characterize the level of financial security of the enterprise, as well as to analyze the factors that influenced their change. In the process of research, it was established that the financial security of enterprises is a determining factor contributing to their effective functioning. We established that financial security determines the limit state of financial stability in which the enterprise must be in order to implement its strategy, characterized by the enterprise's ability to resist external and internal threats.

We examined that the situation that has developed in recent years at the enterprise contributed to the improvement of its financial condition and provision of financial resources. One of the most significant problems of ensuring the financial security of modern enterprises is the lack of analytical work to assess its reliability and level. The inability to assess existing threats to financial security leads to the impossibility of eliminating them, which ultimately causes the inefficiency of the company's financial activities.

We substantiated that the main tasks of financial security are: building reliable financial control over compliance with the main parameters of financial security; creation of a favorable investment climate; creation of a unified state information field regarding threats to financial security; gradual introduction of indicators - benchmarks of financial security; transferring payments exclusively to monetary form and modernizing the functioning of the payment structure; promoting the increase of export of products; activation of development of financial and credit infrastructure, etc.

We established that in order to ensure financial security at the enterprise and the ability to predict risks, there must be a system of financial security management bodies that must diagnose the state of the enterprise, forecast possible threats and take measures that will contribute to ensuring the stability and economic security of the enterprise as a whole.

MAIN TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGULATORY LANDSCAPE OF RESPONSIBLE INVESTMENT IN THE WORLD

Anna Vorontsova — 2023-07-11

The development of the responsible investment market is an undoubted trend that has swept the world in recent years and is only gaining strength. In connection with this, the question arises of the appropriate regulatory regulation of this sector of activity, which will help ensure the transparency and efficiency of the activities of investors. This contributes to the formulation of the purpose of this study, which consists in conducting an analysis of existing trends in the regulatory regulation of responsible investments and outlining possible prospects for their development. In order to achieve the set goal, the present state of development of responsible investment is analyzed in the work in accordance with the data of the UN Principles for Responsible Investment project. The results indicate a positive growth trend in the number of regulatory instruments of responsible investment, although certain imbalances depending on the geographical region have been identified so far. This indicates an increased focus on responsible investing, with governments and other concerned regulatory bodies actively developing rules and frameworks to promote responsible investment practices. At the same time, China, Germany, Italy and Spain are the most active countries in terms of regulatory regulation of responsible investment. Analysis of the main types of regulatory instruments of responsible investment also shows their uneven development. The most common today are the mandatory instruments of disclosure of ESG information for investors, corporate disclosure of ESG information and integration of ESG information for investors. This is due to increased transparency and reporting requirements, as well as the requirements of most regulators to disclose ESG-related risks, opportunities and performance. The obtained results made it possible to confirm the assumption about the need to unify the regulatory landscape of responsible investment in the world for further progress in this sector and to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.

FEATURES OF MARKETING ACTIVITIES IN THE SERVICE MARKET

Anastasiia Kovalenko — 2023-07-11

The article discusses the essence and distinctive features of marketing activities of an enterprise operating in the service sector, demonstrates the need to study its specifics, as well as analyze the marketing tools used. Marketing is a system of organizing and managing the production and sales work of an enterprise, analyzing the market in order to develop and meet the demand for products and services, as well as generating income. The main principles follow from the essence of marketing, namely, taking into account the needs of the market, the state and dynamics of demand, as well as market conditions when making economic decisions, creating conditions for adapting production to market conditions, to the structure of demand, influencing the market, the consumer, along with supporting all available means, primarily advertising. To date, the main task of the company's marketing activities in the service sector is to attract the maximum number of customers, which is achieved through a well-thought-out promotion program.

The ability to predict further development prospects, determine tactics and develop strategies is one of the main sources of building a new type of enterprise activity. A significant number of strategic developments are carried out on the basis of marketing decisions. At the present stage, such types of marketing as traditional (external) marketing, internal marketing and interaction (relationship) marketing are used in the service sector. The service market successfully uses both traditional and innovative marketing tools, primarily various internet technologies. The company's own website, presence in social networks, use of chatbots and video blogs is a necessary prerequisite for promoting services and attracting as many customers as possible. In addition, it is concluded that the problem of the effectiveness of marketing activities of organizations is also becoming more and more relevant for non-production organizations.

BUSINESS IDEA FOR SELF-EMPLOYMENT OF AN INDIVIDUAL ENTREPRENEUR

Oksana Svatiuk — 2023-07-11

The authors assert that young people must initiate their own entrepreneurial ideas and develop a business plan to begin their employment journey. Motivated students can become individual entrepreneurs as early as sixteen years old. Knowing the key elements of their future activities can help entrepreneurs anticipate, analyze, monitor, and evaluate the success of their enterprise before executing their idea-project. A business plan allows for adjusting planned or actual indicators to achieve income.

The development process of a business plan includes analyzing the enterprise’s market environment, assessing the target audience’s needs, new sait, determining the organizational structure, identifying financial risks, and estimating income and expenses. The primary obstacles to starting one’s own enterprise include the Russian-Ukrainian war and its consequences, reduced potential customers due to lower incomes, limited financial and credit resources, and high advertising and marketing costs.

The authors calculated the costs of starting a business with four employees. The Silhouette studio’s operation shows that it requires expensive equipment and a long payback period for a small enterprise. Risks in this area include purchasing low-quality equipment, lack of funds for unforeseen expenses, poor quality of services, ineffective advertising campaigns, excessive rent increases, too many workshops in the market, and poor location choice.

The industry’s unique feature is a relatively short production cycle of one to two months for manufacturing complex products, making it a profitable investment, especially for working capital, providing quick returns. The planned payback period for the Silhouette studio is two to three years of operation, but it may happen sooner. The enterprise’s profit depends on advertising coverage, the income of the local population, and other aspects that affect the enterprise’s profit. A tailoring and repair shop is a distinctive institution providing quick, efficient services tailored to individual or inclusive needs.