Institutional innovation in European security, and the rise of ethical-analytical centres
Abstract
Problem: Existing approaches to European security governance remain fragmented, focusing either on traditional deterrence or on sector-specific risk management. Such compartmentalization fails to capture the systemic complexity of hybrid threats, strategic volatility, and democratic vulnerabilities. Subject: This article examines the institutional design and function of ethical-analytical centres, focusing on the International Security Competence Center (ISCC) in Vienna and the Centre for Security Studies (CSS) in Kraków as innovative nodes within the evolving European security architecture. This perspective is enriched by insights from collaborating institutions such as the Military Institute of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, the Hayek Institute (Vienna), the University of Southern Denmark, the University of Alaska Fairbanks, Ivan Franko National Universities (Lviv and Poltava), and the UN U4SSC initiative in Vienna, forming a transnational reference frame that links ethical education, systems modelling, governance diagnostics, and resilience research. Goal: The goal is to conceptualize an integrated framework that combines ethical governance–value orientation, narrative competence, democratic legitimacy–with systems-based foresight, including policy simulation, resilience modelling, and governance diagnostics. Objective: Specifically, the study addresses the lack of a unified institutional model that translates foresight outputs into operational procedures while safeguarding democratic principles and proposes a pathway to close this translation gap. Methods: The analysis applies system analysis to map cross-sector vulnerabilities, narrative analysis to examine the role of ethical literacy and public trust in crisis leadership, and comparative institutional analysis to assess complementarities between ISCC and CSS. Results: The article identifies key gaps in operational metrics for ethical and narrative competence, cross-domain integration, and the education-to-policy pipeline. It demonstrates how hybrid institutions like ISCC and CSS can address these deficits by embedding ethical reflection and systems analysis into European security governance. Conclusions: The proposed framework positions ethical-analytical centres as prototypes for anticipatory, value-coherent, and operationalizable security governance, offering measurable dimensions – readiness, legitimacy, and narrative integrity–to guide future research, education, and policy implementation.
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AIV. (2024). Hybrid threats and societal resilience (Netherlands). Advice Council report. Retrieved from https://www.adviesraadinternationalevraagstukken.nl/binaries/adviesraadinternationalevraagstukken/documenten/publicaties/2024/06/04/hybride-dreigingen-en-maatschappelijke-weerbaarheid/aiv-hybrid-threats-and-societal-resilience-4jun2024.pdf
Bjørge, N., & Høiby, M. (2024). Contemporary research on hybrid threats. In Preparing for hybrid threats to security (pp. 13–35). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032617916-3
Building resilience to hybrid threats: Best practices in the Nordic-Baltic region (Hybrid CoE Working Paper 31). (2024). Hybrid CoE. Retrieved from https://www.hybridcoe.fi
Centre for Security Studies, ETH Zurich. (2025). About us. Retrieved from https://css.ethz.ch/en/center.html
Centre for Security Studies, Kraków University of Economics. (2025). About us. Retrieved from https://css.uek.krakow.pl/about-us/
Geneva Centre for Security Policy. (2024). Executive education and summer programmes. Retrieved from https://www.gcsp.ch
Genini, D. (2025). Countering hybrid threats: How NATO must adapt (again). SAGE Open, 13, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/2336825X251322719
International Security Competence Centre GmbH (ISCC Austria). (2021, August 4). Dr. Rüdiger Stix: Mord darf sich nicht lohnen. Retrieved from https://iscc.at/2021/08/04/dr-ruediger-stix-mord-darf-sich-nicht-lohnen/
International Security Competence Centre GmbH (ISCC Austria). (2021, August 4). Militär Ethik im Judo. Retrieved from https://iscc.at/2021/08/04/militaer-ethik-im-judo/
International Security Competence Centre GmbH (ISCC Austria). (2023, February 24). Interview: Assoc. Prof. Salvatore Giacomuzzi – AustriaPub Radio vom 04 02 2022. Retrieved from https://iscc.at/2023/02/24/interview-austriapub-radio-vom-04-02-2022/
International Security Competence Centre GmbH (ISCC Austria). (n.d.). Ausgangslage. Retrieved from https://iscc.at/ausgangslage/
International Security Competence Centre GmbH (ISCC Austria). (n.d.). Kooperationen. Retrieved from https://iscc.at/kooperationen/
International Security Competence Centre GmbH (ISCC Austria). (n.d.). Leitbild. Retrieved from https://iscc.at/leitbild/
International Security Competence Centre GmbH (ISCC Austria). (n.d.). Cursor consortium overview. Retrieved from https://cursor-project.eu/the-team/consortium/iscc/
Jungwirth, R., et al. (2023). Hybrid threats: A comprehensive resilience ecosystem (CORE model) (Science for Policy report, EUR 31104 EN). EU Joint Research Centre. https://doi.org/10.2760/37899
Kaunert, C., & Léonard, S. (2023). Resilient states versus democratic vulnerabilities: Conceptualizing security and resilience in EU studies. Journal of European Public Policy, 30(6), 823–841. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2023.2241021
King’s College London. (2024). Department of War Studies – Summer Programmes. Retrieved from https://www.kcl.ac.uk/warstudies
Menkiszak, M. (2014). The Putin doctrine: The formation of a concept. OSW Studies. Centre for Eastern Studies. Retrieved from https://www.osw.waw.pl/sites/default/files/the_putin_doctrine_0.pdf
Mumford, A. (2023). Hybrid warfare: The continuation of ambiguity by other means. European Journal of International Security, 8(2), 192–206. https://doi.org/10.1017/eis.2022.19
NATO Defense College. (2024). Senior course and research fellowships. Retrieved from https://www.ndc.nato.int
Nilsson, N. (2025). Hybrid threats and the intelligence community. Journal of Intelligence and National Security, 38(3), 274–291. https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2024.2435265
Olech, A. (2025). Hybrid threats to critical infrastructure in the European Union: Selected Hybrid CoE analyses. Terrorism – Studies, Analyses, Prevention, Special Issue, 133–158. https://doi.org/10.4467/27204383TER.25.017.21520
Reis, J. (2024). European Union defense and security strategy for space. Acta Astronautica, 204, 57–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.4995
Ruohonen, J. (2024). The incoherency risk in the EU’s new cyber security policies. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.12043
Trump, B. D., Mitoulis, S., Argyroudis, S., Kiker, G., Palma-Oliveira, J., Horton, R., Pescaroli, G., Pinigina, E., & Trump, J. (2025). Threat-agnostic resilience: Framing and application for critical infrastructure. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2501.01318
Usewicz, T. (2023). Hybrid actions and their effect on EU maritime security. Journal on Baltic Security, 9(1), 45–63. https://doi.org/10.2478/jobs-2023-0005
Yigit, Y., Ferrag, M. A., Sarker, I. H., Maglaras, L. A., Chrysoulas, C., Moradpoor, N., … Janicke, H. (2024). Critical infrastructure protection: Generative AI, challenges, and opportunities. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.04874
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