The Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series: International Relations. Economics. Country Studies. Tourism

Circular economy as a direction for implementing the concept of sustainable development

Vladyslav Varvashenko — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The article states that the circular economy is an integral part of the concept of sustainable development. It is aimed at creating an economic system where resources are used as efficiently as possible, with minimal impact on the environment. In the context of sustainable development, the circular economy acts as an innovative approach to achieving economic, environmental and social sustainability. The subject of the study is the circular economy as a key element in achieving sustainable development goals. The aim of the article is to study the experience of European countries in the application of the circular economy model and to justify the need for the domestic economy to transition to sustainable development practices. The dialectical approach is fundamental in the research process. In addition, a systemic, comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach was used; the method of analyzing scientific publications; methods of qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The following results were obtained. A comparative analysis of linear and circular models of the economy was performed. The practice of implementing the basic principles of the circular economy in the activities of European countries was considered. Conclusions. Currently, Ukraine is actively implementing the principles of the circular economy, which are a key component of the European Green Deal. The European Union has provided Ukraine with several funding programs to support the transition to a circular economy model. However, despite the presence of important program documents and active movement towards the implementation of sustainable practices, Ukraine has not yet developed a comprehensive policy to support the circular economy. Given that our country has begun the process of negotiations on joining the European Union, it is advisable to take the principles of the European Green Deal as a basis for formulating decisions aimed at ensuring sustainable recovery. Particular attention should be paid to the principles of the circular transition of the national economy.

Ming empire diplomatic expeditions as an example of economic diplomacy and geoeconomics initiatives of the People’s Republic of China

Bogdan Lohvynenko — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The historical hypostasis of the modern geoeconomic strategy of the People's Republic of China (PRC) is considered, using the example of the diplomatic expeditions of the 15th century by the Chinese travelers Zheng He, Yishiha, and Cheng Cheng in the prism of a political economic and historical materialist approach. The subject of the article is the historical process of Ming China spreading its influence throughout diplomatic missions and expeditions, as well as the modern model of economic diplomacy and geoeconomic strategy of the PRC. The aim is to conduct a comparative study of the geography and methods of influence of emissaries and ambassadors of Ming China with modern geoeconomic initiatives of the PRC in the international division of labor and the world market. The objectives of the work are to determine the geography of historical interests of the Chinese economy and state apparatus; to formulate the principles and features of conducting foreign economic policy of Ming and modern China; to deduce the objective reasons for the historical process and modern initiatives of China. The following results were obtained in the course of the study: the basis of the geoeconomic strategy of the modern PRC, the instruments of economic diplomacy and soft power of China in relations with its neighbors determined; the principles and mechanisms of the prerequisites for the emergence of modern Chinese initiatives on the world stage analyzed; the objective indicators of China's foreign trade cooperation with countries located in geographical proximity to China and the routes of the above-mentioned expeditions considered. Conclusions: the results obtained made it possible to objectively consider the origins of the geoeconomic initiatives of the modern PRC as a synergy of current institutional instruments of influence, objective trade and economic interests and bourgeois-based "national mythology".

Spanish cooperatives as a component of EU social economy

Heorhii Petrov — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The article is devoted to the study of Spanish cooperatives as an important element of the social economy of the European Union, in particular, their role in ensuring economic efficiency and social responsibility. The subject of the study is the functioning of Spanish cooperatives in the context of current socio-economic challenges, in particular, their impact on employment, development of local communities and implementation of sustainable development goals. The purpose of the article is to analyse the legal regulation, mechanisms of state support and integration of Spanish cooperatives into the European economic system. The objectives of the study are to examine the diversity of forms of cooperatives, their economic performance, and to assess their resilience during crises such as the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. The methods used in the article include the analysis of legislative acts, statistical data, as well as a review of scientific works of domestic and foreign researchers, which allows to form a comprehensive picture of the functioning of the cooperative sector. The results of the study show that Spanish cooperatives account for about 6% of the country's GDP and create more than 300,000 jobs, while demonstrating significant resilience during economic crises. In particular, during the COVID-19 pandemic, cooperatives retained most of their jobs and demonstrated high adaptability to new conditions. The conclusions of the article emphasise the importance of Spanish cooperatives as a model for social entrepreneurship in other EU countries, highlighting the need for further development of legal regulation and support mechanisms for this sector to ensure sustainable development and overcome social inequality. The article also offers recommendations for harmonising national legislation with European standards and developing international cooperation in the field of social economy.

Geoinformation analysis of the influence of repair and construction works on the investment attractiveness of real estate

Оlena Pomortseva, Volodymyr Pankiv, Sergiy Kobzan — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The article considers the actual problem of investing in the primary real estate market. The subject of the research is the residential real estate market in different regions of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to research residential real estate on the primary market of Ukraine, depending on its condition. The type of repair has a significant impact on the final cost of an apartment in a new building. The ratio of the cost of an apartment without repairs and the cost of further repairs, as well as the region where the apartment is located, can provide an answer to the expediency of investing funds by the stakeholder. Such a large number of factors cannot be taken into account without the use of geographic information systems, which enable both the accumulation and processing of large data sets and the use of spatial reference. The purpose of the article is to study the changes in the cost of renting and selling m2 of the primary market of residential real estate depending on the city of Ukraine and the impact of different types of repairs on the real estate value. As well as determination of the capitalization rate by regions that were studied. During the research, general scientific methods of system analysis and geostatistics methods were used to transform data from a discrete to a continuous form of representation when processing arrays of data on various types of real estate. The work uses the direct capitalization method to determine the rate of return. During the research, cartograms were constructed for different cities of Ukraine regarding the average cost and rental rate per m2 of real estate in the primary market. The influence of various types of repairs on the value of real estate was studied. The capitalization rate was determined for the regions studied. Conclusions were drawn regarding the prospects for investing in the residential real estate market, as well as options for investing in real estate in different cities of Ukraine and obtaining maximum returns. The results obtained by the authors will be useful to stakeholders, realtors, appraisers and other market specialists for calculating returns on the primary real estate market.

Priorities for the development of logistics infrastructure in Ukraine

Andriy Polivantsev — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The article explores the current state and prospects for the development of Ukraine's logistics infrastructure, focusing on its key components, challenges, and strategic directions for transformation under modern challenges such as war and economic instability. The primary goal of the study is to identify the priorities and strategic directions for the development of Ukraine’s logistics infrastructure to enhance its competitiveness and integration into global supply chains. The research employs a systematic approach, which includes analyzing the current state of logistics infrastructure and applying strategic planning methods to determine key development priorities. The analysis is based on the SWOT methodology, enabling the assessment of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for Ukraine’s logistics system. The article identifies three key strategic vectors for the development of the logistics sector: fostering economic growth by strengthening the domestic market, expanding the logistics services market, and realizing the country's transit potential. Particular attention is given to measures such as containerization of freight transport, integration of Ukraine’s railway network into the European system, development of multimodal transport hubs, modernization of internal infrastructure, and adaptation of logistics processes to the standards of the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T). The results obtained can be applied in the formation of a national strategy for the development of Ukraine’s transport and logistics infrastructure, as well as in the activities of enterprises engaged in international transportation and logistics services. The implementation of the proposed measures will contribute to Ukraine's integration into international supply chains, optimization of logistics costs, improvement of trade operations efficiency, and unlocking the country's transit potential. The proposed approach ensures a balance between immediate solutions and long-term infrastructure initiatives, which are essential for the stable development of Ukraine’s logistics system.

Features of cultural tourism development in China: experience for Ukraine

Hanna Haponenko, Olena Yevtushenko, Irina Shamara — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The article examines the features of the development of cultural tourism in the People's Republic of China (PRC), which is one of the leading countries in the world in the field of cultural heritage preservation and its integration into the tourism industry. The subject of the article is the features of the development of cultural tourism in China. The purpose of the article is to study China's success in the development of cultural tourism with a comprehensive study of potential opportunities for the Ukrainian tourism market. The tasks that were set to achieve the goal are as follows: to study the key factors contributing to the successful development of the tourism industry in the PRC, in particular, state policy, infrastructure projects, digitalization and protection of cultural heritage; to determine the role of projects such as "One Belt, One Road" in promoting cultural tourism at the international level and developing cultural exchange; to formulate recommendations for the implementation of successful Chinese practices in the Ukrainian tourism industry, including the development of infrastructure, digital technologies and cultural projects. The research methodology is based on historical-cultural, socio-cultural, comparative and statistical approaches. Main results of the study. The key factors of the successful development of cultural tourism in China are analyzed, in particular, state policy, strategic planning, infrastructure projects and active digitalization of the cultural sphere. Special attention is paid to the “One Belt, One Road” initiative, which promotes international cultural exchange and popularization of Chinese culture in the world. A comparative analysis is carried out between the Chinese experience and opportunities for Ukraine, where cultural tourism has significant potential. The prospects for implementing China’s best practices for the development of Ukrainian cultural tourism are determined. Conclusions. Ukraine has every chance of achieving similar results by adapting Chinese practices to its conditions. Investments in the preservation of cultural heritage, infrastructure development and the creation of thematic products will help our country become more attractive to international tourists.

Business tourism in Ukraine: development prospects in the post-war period

Hanna Haponenko, Olena Yevtushenko, Irina Shamara, Anton Sviatyi — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Modern business tourism is an important component of both business activities and the travel and tourism sector. Every day, millions of people travel for business purposes of various lengths and distances, and more than 100 million such business trips take place in the world every year. Associations, scientific and educational institutions, specialized publications and textbooks, as well as a stable organizational structure with professional management have been formed in this field. Countries focused on the development of tourism have developed and are actively implementing state support programs to stimulate business tourism. The main goal of business tourism is to increase business efficiency, expand market opportunities, stimulate innovation and strengthen business ties. The subject of the study is an analysis of the current state, problems and prospects for the development of business tourism in Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to identify business tourism as a promising direction for the development of tourism in Ukraine. General scientific research methods are used: systemic, descriptive, comparative and structural-logical analysis. The study yielded the following results: the main trends, problems and prospects for the development of business tourism in Ukraine were identified. According to the authors, after the war, Ukraine will become a center for holding numerous international conferences dedicated to recovery and reconstruction, economic cooperation and new technologies. Holding such events, in particular in the field of investment, renewable technologies, ecology and innovation, will help attract a wide range of international partners and promote the development of business tourism. Conclusions: the feasibility of developing ways to promote Ukraine as an attractive destination for business tourism is substantiated. Digital technologies can significantly facilitate the processes of organizing trips, reduce costs, increase efficiency and create new opportunities for international cooperation. Given these trends, Ukraine has the potential to become an important player in global business tourism if it manages to overcome existing barriers and implement innovations as effectively as possible.

Features of the innovative development of the spa industry

Solomiia Moroz — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Innovative development is a key factor in increasing the competitiveness of spa facilities. The development and implementation of innovations is a necessary prerequisite for those spa resorts that aim for successful operations. It has been determined that the introduction of various types of innovations into the activities of spa facilities will affect the competitiveness not only of individual facilities, but also of the economic development of the region and the country as a whole. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the features of the innovative development of the spa industry. To achieve the goal, the following research methods analysis and synthesis, comparative and generalization were used. It has been determined that innovations in the spa industry involve not only the development and implementation of advanced technologies, but also unique medical and health services and products that contribute to increasing the efficiency of the functioning of spa facilities. It has been established that today there is almost no innovative activity in the spa industry, with the exception of modern health complexes. In view of this, the introduction of innovations is an important element of the activity of spa facilities, the purpose of which is to increase their competitiveness. It has been determined that today a new innovative service is particularly popular a 3D tour or virtual tour, which helps attract potential clients and investors, promote and increase the competitiveness of both an individual health resort and the resort as a whole. It has been established that an important factor in the effective operation of spa facilities is the quality and level of service, which forms a certain image of the facility. Therefore, it is important to constantly improve the professional level of personnel. Thus, for the spa segment, innovation is a priority, and for the successful functioning of spa institutions, the implementation of innovations is necessary. The results of the research can complement and expand the specialized training courses of higher education institutions, where personnel are trained for the field of tourism.

Suicides of famous chefs of the past: François Vatel, James Hemings, and Clemens Wilmenrod

Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The article is devoted to the study of life, professional activity and reasons for suicide of such famous chefs as François Vatel (1631–1671), James Hemings (1765–1801) and Clemens Wilmenrod (1906–1967). It has been established that the Frenchman François Vatel committed suicide due to the fear of personal failure. According to Xavier Briffault and Margot Morgiève, his impulsive act can now be explained within the framework of suicidality, when it comes to perfectionism, burnout, insomnia, exhaustion, stress, shame, humiliation and lack of social support, depression, etc. François Vatel is remembered as an outstanding organizer of exceptional banquets linked to the history of France, although hereafter chefs have been reproaching him for losing control of himself and not being able to resist urgency. There is no reliable information about the causes of the tragic end of one of the creators of modern American cuisine, James Hemings, who received a culinary education in France. German television chef Clemens Wilmenrod, whose cookery programme “Bitte, in zehn Minuten zu Tisch” was wildly popular in the 1950s and 1960s, died after being diagnosed with stomach cancer. There was no suicide note. Clemens Wilmenrod was known as “Don Clemente”. He took into account the shortage of post-war products, used canned vegetables, instant sauces, and ketchup. His recipes reflected the desire of the Germans of that time to see the world and exotic countries. He accompanied his recipes with Munchausen-style invented stories and was remembered by the whimsical names of the dishes. Suicides have always been a difficult issue in the field of health care. Today, technology provides great opportunities for mental health intervention, enabling, among other things, real-time proactive actions for suicide prevention. Improving risk assessment, for example through computer-based testing and genetic screening, is at the centre of ongoing research. Perhaps, thanks to modern medicine and technology, these chefs could have avoided suicide.

Development of a psychological training program for conflict management at the enterprise «Vidpochinok na vsi sto»

Irina Shamara, Julia Kurdiukova — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In order to improve the efficiency of tourism enterprises, it is important to use modern approaches to conflict management that take into account the psychological aspects of interaction in the team. Conflicts that arise in this area can significantly affect the quality of services, the level of customer satisfaction and the internal climate of the organization. Therefore, special attention should be paid to methods of their prevention and resolution. The study analyzes the nature of conflicts in tourism enterprises, the main factors that determine them, and considers the possibilities of reducing their negative impact on the activities of the organization.The emphasis is on the application of psychological methods, such as the development of active listening skills, improving stress management strategies and creating a positive communication environment. The issue of resolving conflicts through mediation and coaching, which allows minimizing their escalation, is considered. The study is based on an integrated approach using the methods of system analysis, questionnaires, structural modeling and the descriptive method. As a result, practical recommendations were proposed for improving management decisions aimed at creating a favorable socio-psychological climate in the team and ensuring the stable development of the enterprise. The subject of the study is the psychological aspects of conflict management at the tourist enterprise «Vidpochinok na vsi sto». The purpose of the study is to develop measures to improve conflict management at the enterprise «Vidpochinok na vsi sto». General scientific research methods are used: systemic, descriptive, comparative and structural-logical analysis. The following results were obtained during the study: the psychological climate was analyzed and the main causes of conflict situations at the enterprise «Vidpochinok na vsi sto» were identified. Conclusions: the feasibility of developing a psychological training program to improve conflict management at the enterprise «Vidpochinok na vsi sto» is substantiated and the expected results of conducting a conflict management training program at the enterprise are determined.

In the language of works and tourist travels: to the 70th anniversary of doctor of economic sciences, professor Heorhiy Pavlovich Sklyar

Serhii Lyman — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The article examines the biography and scientific and pedagogical activity of the famous higher education teacher, professor, administrator, public figure G. P. Sklyar, who turned 70 this year. The scientist made his main contribution to science in such areas as tourism and the economic potential of consumer cooperative trade enterprises. This is the subject of G. P. Sklyar's fundamental research, including his doctoral dissertation "Economic conditions and contradictions in the development of consumer cooperation in a transition economy". G. P. Sklyar is an experienced administrator and manager, dean of the faculty of advanced training, director of the Intersectoral Institute for Advanced Training and Retraining of Specialists, head of the Department of Tourism and Hotel Business at the Poltava University of Economics and Trade. Longterm scientific, pedagogical, social, administrative activity of G. P. Sklyar contributed to the development of Ukrainian science and the training of new personnel for the economy and tourism sector of Ukraine.
science and the training of new personnel for the economy and tourism sector of Ukraine.