The Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series: International Relations. Economics. Country Studies. Tourism

The influence features of individual factors on EU countries’ energy markets

Vladyslav Honcharenko — 2023-12-31

The energy consumption impact is an important factor in the development of countries' economies. The European region is energy-dependent due to a significant shortage of energy carriers and an energy crisis. The energy dependence weakens the energy market and increases its vulnerability to external influences. The subject of research in the article is the characteristics, objective laws, and trends of the development of energy factors that are relative to other influence factors on the economic development of European countries. And the purpose is to analyze and assess important factors influencing the energy markets on the modern economic development of European countries. The task is to analyze the current state of traditional energy resource consumption, to determine the specifics of the impact of energy markets on macroeconomic indicators. To assess the influence degree of energy market indicators on macroeconomic development, which allows to identify the important factors for analysis and to indicate the general position of energy markets in the economy there are used following general scientific methods: systematic, logical and descriptive; analysis and synthesis; statistical; economic-mathematical modeling, namely the construction of a correlation-regression model. Based on the conducted analysis, it was established that the energy markets of the EU have a general feature of increasing dependence, and therefore their sensitivity on external factors, which is associated with a significant decrease in domestic production, as well as a weak differentiation of markets. The production of the main energy resources in Europe has a downward trend for all energy markets, which leads to the increased importance of imports. The influence of energy market factors on the macroeconomic indicators of EU countries is determined. The conducted correlation analysis confirmed the significant impact of the oil market on the GDP growth rate in the EU. The high energy dependence of the EU countries indicates the increased dependence on external factors but no direct correlation between energy dependence and economic development was found. The high dependence of the EU on the import of energy resources is a significant problem, and the energy security factor is also important for investors in the EU. Conclusions: energy factors do not have a significant impact on the development of EU GDP at the current stage, and the quality use of energy resources is more important than their consumption, which emphasizes the importance of efficient use of resources for the further development of the EU economy.

Some issues of global problems in the changing system of values of the modern world

Natalia Hrushchynska — 2023-12-31

The article analyzes the peculiarities of global problems in the modern world system, their transformation, identification of more acute issues, taking into account the urgent issue of the security of each country, food security against the background of the growth of the total population of the planet. Issues of environmental protection and climate change. Modifications of global problems, taking into account wars and their consequences, along with the active phase of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the development of artificial intelligence, which leads to the emergence of new professions, new forms of employment of the population, the development of humanity in general and, of course, affects the changes in the values of every society. The article analyzes the historical perspective of economic and social changes and the influence of technological processes, assesses the impact of the war on the economic and demographic components of society. It is noted that the results of the fourth industrial revolution, the emergence and development of artificial intelligence are a breakthrough for the survival of mankind. Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming various industries, and environmental protection and climate change are no exception. The modern world transforms a person's way of life, forms of communication, changes the characteristics of relationships, views on the same things, manners of communication, and ultimately, values. In the articles of philosophers, economists, and psychologists who are engaged in researching the problems of forming the society of the future, the emergence of the technological structure of psychotechnologies and technologies related to moral responsibility is noted. Changes in the technological stages of society are accompanied by changes in society itself. Values influence people's desire to realize themselves and, accordingly, the sphere of employment. In the context of world transformations, there are changes in the values of society. Values can be divided into groups and everyone determines their priority (material, spiritual values (vital, moral, aesthetic), social, family values, the value of pleasure, health. Each person takes his place in society, which determines social values that depend from the environment, from needs, from goals, and they can change during life.Self-discovery is the deepest way of assessing one's values.

Сreative industry 4.0: trends and transformations in the era of digitalization

Iryna Shkodina — 2023-12-31

In the contemporary world, creativity has emerged as a pivotal factor in the development of international economic relations. This article explores the development of the global creative industry 4.0, shaped by the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0). The study aims to examine the trends influencing the creative industries, molded by the intensification of digitization, fostering fundamental changes and transforming them into the creative industry 4.0. The research employs a combination of general scientific and specialized methods, including a systemic approach to justify the main trends in the transformation of creative industries, analysis and synthesis to identify the impact of digital technologies on their evolution, and expert assessment methods to develop approaches for enhancing the development of creative industries 4.0. Results indicate that the digitization of the creative economy has expanded its scale and societal impact. Creative industries are becoming digital not only in terms of services but also in the realm of products. Artificial intelligence, virtual reality, big data, and other digital technologies facilitate the production, scaling, and consumption of creative services and products. The application of digital technologies enhances production efficiency, unlocks unlimited creative potential, improves design, personalization, interactivity, and consumer properties of creative goods and services. The trend of merging entertainment with e-commerce is expected to intensify. The development of the creative economy is crucial for achieving sustainable development goals, stimulating small business growth, and creating new employment opportunities, especially for women, youth, and other vulnerable population groups. The article identifies how Industry 4.0 technologies transform creative industries and proposes ways to leverage these new technological trends for the economic recovery of Ukraine.

Effect of bank’s sizes and age on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria

Abass Adekunle Adewale — 2023-12-31

This research explores the impact of bank size and age on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. DMB are crucial for allocating funds from savers to investors and managing financial risks. The study aims to determine how bank size and age influence ROA and ROE. Data analysis is conducted using ex post facto research design and panel data analysis. The study reveals a significant strong relationship between bank size and age with ROA and ROE for Nigerian deposit money banks during the period from 2015 to 2021. Increased bank size and age are associated with improved financial performance. The research concludes that bank size and age have a significant impact on the performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria during the specified period. Thus, the study recommends that listed deposit money banks should consider expanding their firm size through strategic expansion initiatives to enhance financial performance. Further research should encompass a broader selection of listed firms in Nigeria and employ diverse analytical tools to validate and expand upon these findings.

Sustainable development of the company on the basis of soft total quality management

Yuliia Prus — 2023-12-31

The article is concerned with studying the impact of soft components of total quality management (TQM) on the company’s environmental and social sustainability. The subject of the research is a set of theoretical, methodical and practical recommendations for implementing the concept of total quality management to ensure sustainable development of a company. The purpose of the article is to theoretically substantiate and develop practical recommendations for identifying the impact of soft TQM on the sustainable development of a company. Achievement of this goal is ensured by fulfilling the following interrelated tasks: to summarise the existing soft TQM practices in the research of scientists, to allocate the features of soft TQM functioning in Ukrainian companies and their success in achieving environmental and social sustainability, to develop recommendations for improving the level of environmental and social sustainability of companies through the implementation of soft TQM practices. The research used general scientific and special methods of cognition: structural-logical, systemic and process approaches, the method of generalisation and comparison, questionnaires, methods of correlation and regression analysis, logical method, method of tabular presentation of data, scientific generalisation. The following results have been obtained: having analysed the work of scientists on the research’s subject, the work of the European Foundation for Quality Management, the aspects of TQM that cover the company’s business activities, as well as the problems that are specific to each of them, have been identified. To identify the level of implementation of detailed issues, a questionnaire was developed and completed by the heads of 68 Ukrainian companies between November 2022 and March 2023. It included a Likert scale assessment of each of the soft TQM dimensions (business management system, HR practices, continuously evolving processes, leading procurement procedures, stakeholder identification, and product competitiveness) based on 28 statements. Five hypotheses were proposed based on the literature on the research topic and our own analytical developments. The data obtained in the course of the survey were analysed using correlation and regression analyses. The results show that two practices – business management systems and human resource management practices – are related to environmental sustainability, while only the business management system is related to social sustainability. The article provides recommendations for supporting the sustainable development of the company. Conclusions. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of TQM practices in ensuring the sustainability of a company’s activities. The business management system affects both environmental and social sustainability of the company. Human resource management practices have a positive impact on environmental sustainability, but not on social sustainability, i.e. organisational factors are key to achieving environmental sustainability. Raising awareness of sustainability is the best way to promote the implementation of procedures that contribute to sustainability. Other TQM practices, such as continuously evolving processes, leading procurement procedures, stakeholder identification, and competitive products, do not affect a company’s environmental and social sustainability. The article raises topics for future research: why human resource management practices and continuously evolving processes do not affect sustainability. It is appropriate to deepen the case studies to identify the mechanisms by which TQM practices contribute to both environmental and social sustainability.

Ecologization of tourist activities as a factor of sustainable development of the regions of Ukraine

Hanna Haponenko — 2023-12-31

The article is devoted to the problem of sustainable development of Ukraine's regions, since competitive regions are a source of balanced and sustainable development of the entire country. It was emphasized that the development of the development management strategy of any region of Ukraine should be based on the environmental safety policy, the current norms and requirements of which must be adapted in accordance with European standards. The subject of the study is the greening of tourist activity as a factor in the sustainable development of the regions of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to build a model of sustainable development of regional tourism based on the ecosystem restoration of security of the tourist and recreational potential of Ukraine in the post-war period. Tasks that were set to achieve the goal: to investigate the management mechanism of sustainable development of regional tourism; to analyze the impact of military actions on the ecological state of the regions of Ukraine; to propose a program model for the sustainable development of tourism in Ukraine. In accordance with this direction of research, the author chose and applied the following methodological approaches: systemic and institutional when considering the interrelationships of actors at both the national and regional levels. Within the framework of the system approach, the functioning of the tourism industry of Ukraine was investigated within the framework of new ecological realities. Thanks to the institutional approach, the necessary legal framework for the sustainable development of tourism was considered. The following results were obtained. The authors proposed the formation of a model of sustainable development of tourism, which emphasizes the sustainability of ecological, economic, cultural and social spheres, taking into account the ranking of factors of sustainable development depending on the level of sustainability. The proposed model takes into account an important aspect - after the war, it will be necessary to ensure different levels of sustainability for individual regions of Ukraine.

Suicides of famous chefs of today: stories and reasons

Oksana Nykyha — 2023-12-31

Suicide and suicidal behavior are one of the key issues for public policy and health care. Well-known American psychiatrist Somya Abubucker states that according to the WHO, a death by suicide occurs every 40 seconds in the world and “there are indications that for every adult person who died by suicide, there could be more than twenty others who attempted to commit it”. Restaurants remain a highly stressful environment, with the chef profession ranking among the top 10 most nerve-racking jobs in the world. The aim of the article is to present the life story and professional activity of the world’s most famous chefs and restaurateurs who committed suicide over the past 30 years, as well as the analysis of the probable reasons for their actions. To achieve the declared goal, the following research methods were used: historical, descriptive, comparative, systematization and generalization. The chefs in question used to work in the best restaurants in the United States, Canada, France, Italy, Switzerland, Great Britain and Australia. They made a significant contribution to the development of world gastronomy, their establishments have been transformed into truly cult locations, awarded stars from «Michelin» and evaluations from «Gault & Millau», which have been operating for several decades and offering the most exquisite dishes. It was established that the reasons for their suicides were mostly depression, emotional exhaustion and burnout, economic crisis, a drop in profits and lower ratings, loss of a loved one / close person, influence of reality shows, constant pressure, irregular work schedule, unjustified accusations. It was found that among the methods of suicide, it is, in particular, hanging, use of firearms, drowning and suffocation, medicine and drug overdose. The motives of the actions of some of them remained a mystery, since not even suicide notes were found. Priorities for suicide prevention include increasing specialized mental health programs, restricting access to weapons, and strengthening surveillance to detect signals / reports / information that a person is exhibiting suicidal intent. The obtained results make it possible to supplement and expand specialized training courses in higher education institutions of Ukraine, where personnel are trained for the field of tourism, hotel and restaurant industry, as well as medicine (in particular, psychology, psychiatry, addictionology and rehabilitation).

Еvaluation of the development strategy of the hotel and restaurant industry of Ukraine

Olha Nikolaichuk — 2023-12-31

In modern conditions, the development of the domestic hotel and restaurant industry is accompanied by significant problems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the full-scale war with the Russian Federation, which necessitates the search for promising directions of development and the development of plans for its recovery in the post-war period. The subject of research in the article is the development strategy of the hotel and restaurant industry of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is assessment of the strategy for the development of the hotel and restaurant industry of Ukraine and its infrastructure on this basis of the approach to the implementation of the strategy for the development of galusia in the minds of military renewal. Research methods: dialectical method, fundamental scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, taxonomic analysis, systematization, formalization (for analysis of the research object), abstract-logical method (for formulating concepts), graphical and tabular methods (for analysis of the results of the investigation). The following results were obtained: A model of taxonomic analysis of the development strategy of the hotel and restaurant industry is proposed. The taxonomic coefficients of the development strategy of the hotel and restaurant industry of Ukraine have been determined. Cyclicality in the development of the hotel and restaurant industry of Ukraine has been recorded. Especially negative changes in the industry were recorded in 2022 as a result of a full-scale. Conclusions: the conducted research made it possible to propose strategic directions for the development of the hotel and restaurant industry of Ukraine in the post-war period. The above-mentioned measures will make it possible to implement the necessary strategic changes in the hotel and restaurant industry, will contribute to the reconstruction of the national economy and the generation of additional financial flows, which will make it possible to strengthen the impact of industry restoration projects on the socio-economic development of the state.

Global market of business tourism: development problems and prospects

Yuri Opanashchuk — 2023-12-31

An important role in the development of global international tourism is played by business tourism, or corporate tourism, aimed at meeting the needs of business travelers and forming specific trends in the development of the global tourism industry. The study of problems and prospects for the development of the global market of business tourism is aimed at the understanding by market players of its dynamics and the adoption of effective strategic solutions for its future development. The subject of research in the article is the theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of the business tourism global market development. The goal is to analyze the current state and identify trends and prospects for the business tourism global market development. The objective is to research the problems and prospects for the business tourism global market development. General scientific methods are used: systematic analysis - to determine the features of the business tourism global market development, comparative analysis - in the analysis of existing approaches to the definition of business tourism. The following results were obtained: based on the analysis of the dynamics of changes in the main indicators of the business tourism global market, the main problematic aspects and trends of its development were determined. Conclusions: business tourism is one of the most relevant industries for the tourism destination development, as it can bring significant income to the local budget. The process of business tourism development requires prior planning and preparation, including the construction or restoration of infrastructure, which requires cooperation between enterprises of different industries.