Дослідження тривимірного простору міського середовища через автоматизоване виокремлення об’єктів із хмар лідарних точок
Анотація
Стаття розглядає багатофункціональну методологію і практичну методику геообробки даних дистанційного лазерного (лідарного) зондування міського середовища у цілях його подальшого модельного відтворення та дослідження. Окремо підкреслюються як сучасні запити на залучення новітніх технологій до цих досліджень, так і виклики, що подібне залучення супроводжують. Докладний літературний огляд надає принципове розуміння головних положень автоматизованого виокремлення урбанізірованих об’єктів (АВУО) як головної складової геообробки хмар лідарних точок. Описуються окремі кроки АВУО як-то «визначення», «класифікація», «сегментація» та «реконструкція».
Представлене авторське програмне забезпечення (ПЗ) у вигляді веб-ГІС-застосування, призначеного для інтеграції різноманітних лідарних даних із наступною візуалізацією проміжних та кінцевих результатів їх обробки. Коротко розглянуті архітектурна схема цього веб-застосування як розподіленої інформаційної системи та його головні функціональності: Виокремлення будівель; Виокремлення будівель у сільській місцевості; Визначення змін у архітектурній морфології міста; Генерація топографічної поверхні. Детально розглядаються дві авторські модифікації альтернативних підходів у рамках АВУО – високополігональне та низькополігональне моделювання зі створенням «великовагових» та «низьковагових» моделей, відповідно.
Зокрема, пропонується низька оригінальних рішень за допомогою побудови діаграми Вороного на етапі реконструкції моделей будівель. Представлено веб-портал – геопортал авторського ПЗ, який надає доступ як до проектів із відтвореним міським середовищем по різних країнах, так і до відповідних інструментів обробки первинних лідарних даних користувача. У якості практичних прикладів називається декілька можливих сценаріїв користувача (use-cases – англ.) щодо реалізації функціональності геопорталу.
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