Technology for geoinformation assessment and mapping of the effectiveness of urban green spaces in motorway noise reducing
Abstract
Noise is one of the factors that determine the quality of life in cities. Motorways are the main sources of urban noise. Protecting the urban population from motorway noise is one of the leading functions performed by urban green spaces (UGS). However, not all UGSs have equal "efficiency" in performing this function, as their vegetation has different surface areas in contact with sound waves. Accordingly, an efficiency assessment is necessary to improve the comfort of living in the city, as it allows to identify those UGSs that require priority management decisions to ensure their optimal functioning. At present, there is a lack of technologies that are easy to use and can be used to determine the condition of green spaces and their effectiveness in performing this function. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to describe the technology of geoinformation assessment of the effectiveness of UGS in reducing motorway noise and mapping the assessment results.
Methodologically, the technology is a set of procedures for preparing and processing geodata to assess the effectiveness of UGS in noise reduction in accordance with the assessment algorithm. The procedures are composed of algorithmic chains graphically integrated into the automated calculation model Model_NOISE in the QGIS Model Designer. The components of the technology are a general assessment algorithm; an automated calculation model; and a geodatabase. The technology envisages inclusion of all aspects that determine the effectiveness of the UGS in the assessment and therefore includes procedures for geoprocessing of preliminary preparation of input data. The assessment workflow in Model_NOISE includes the following sub-processes: 1. determining the characteristics of the green space and its current state; 2. calculating the primary noise pollution field from motorways; 3. determining the "residual" noise level in the green space and its effectiveness.
As a result, using the proposed geoprocessing algorithms and calculation modules, we carried out: A). modelling the initial noise level - Cont_noise; B) modelling the current state of the green area - I_noise reduction; C) modelling the "residual" noise level in the green area - Noise; D) modelling the efficiency of urban green areas in reducing noise levels in cities - E_noise_reduction. The paper presents the results of mapping the indicators I_noise reduction, Cont_noise, Noise, E_noise_reduction for UGSs of Kyiv.
Thus, the paper solves the scientific task of creating a technology that makes it easy to determine the condition of green spaces and their effectiveness in reducing motorway noise. The technology is used to process spatially distributed, often limited information, which makes its use accessible not only to scientists but also to urban planners.
The technology, which is a "geoinformation embodiment" of the assessment methodology and the results of its cartographic presentation for the territory of Kyiv, are effective tools in urban planning practice, to improve the efficiency of urban green spaces and the comfort of living for its residents.
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