The Influence of Joule Heating Effect and Thermal Stratification on MHD Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid in a Porous Medium over a Vertically Stretching Cylinder: A Numerical Investigation
Abstract
The aspects of flow in a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) ternary hybrid nanofluid consisting of suspended (Cu), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in water (H2O) were numerically investigated in this study. The effects of thermal stratification and Joule heating are incorporated by passing the nanofluid through a vertically extending cylinder in a porous medium. By implementing an appropriate transformation, the energy and boundary layer equations are simplified to a nonlinear ODE system. The resulting system is solved using MATLAB's fourth-order accurate bvp4c solver. from MATLAB is employed to solve the altered system. The effects are illustrated graphically the change in velocity and temperature and quantitatively tabulate the changes in friction factor, and heat transfer rate for important values of the dimensionless physical factors related to the problem. Crucial findings show that, hybrid nanofluids outperform nanofluids in terms of thermal conductivity. Temperature and velocity of the ternary hybrid nanofluid are both decreased when the heat stratification factor is present, as compared to the absence of stratification. There is a noticeable increase in the heat transfer rate when the ternary hybrid nanofluid is compared with the hybrid nanofluid, which in turn surpasses that of traditional nanofluids. The acquired results are valuable for applications in geothermal energy extraction, chemical processing, and materials synthesis.
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References
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