Indicative measurements of air pollution in Ukraine within the limits of legal harmonization with european standards (using the example of Kharkiv and Kropyvnytsky cities)
Abstract
Purpose. To analyze the legal basis for indicative measurements of air quality in Ukraine and assess their effectiveness using the example of the cities of Kharkiv and Kropyvnytskyi in 2024–2025, taking into account the impact of military conditions.
Methods. System analysis, statistical.
Results. Compliance of national legislation with the requirements of Directive 2008/50/EC on indicative measurements of ambient air quality has been established. The EcoCity public network has become an effective tool for collecting data on ambient air quality in wartime. The study revealed significant differences in air quality between Kharkiv and Kropyvnytskyi due to the impact of hostilities. In Kharkiv, sharp peaks in PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were recorded, while in Kropyvnytskyi, traditional sources of pollution, in particular, transport and industry, with moderate PM2.5 indicators, prevail. The radiation background in both cities remained stable and safe, not exceeding the natural background. In Kropyvnytskyi, the average radiation background is higher than in Kharkiv, which is due to the geological features of the territory. In Kharkiv, short-term increases in NO₂ concentration lasting 2–5 days, typical of combat zones, were recorded. The variability of CO concentrations in Kharkiv is associated with seasonal factors, meteorological conditions, traffic intensity, industrial emissions and the impact of hostilities.
Conclusions. The legal framework for monitoring ambient air quality in Ukraine has been significantly improved over the past five years in accordance with European standards, in particular Directive 2008/50/EC. Military operations have caused a new type of air pollution with short-term but intense emissions, especially in frontline cities such as Kharkiv. Indicative measurements implemented through public networks, in particular EcoCity, have proven to be an effective tool for quickly determining air quality indicators in wartime.
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