CIRCUMSTANCES OF EMERGENCE AND SEMANTICS OF THE ETHNONYM BULGAR

Keywords: Bulgar, hypothesis, ethnonym, semantics, five tribes, Byzantine sources

Abstract

The explanation of the origin of the ethnonym Bulgar is a scholar problem for a long time.In the 12th century an Arab traveler al-Gharnati claimed that Bulgar is an Arabized form of the local word balar, meaning «intelligent person». In the middle of the 19th century R. Charnock derived this ethnonym from the hydronym Volga. Bulgarian scholars also tried to explain the name of the Bulgarian people. So, Spyridon Gabrovsky derived it from the name of the ancestor Bolg, and Tsani Ginchev – from the name of the Bug river.Another etymology connects the origin of the ethnonym Bulgar with the Mongolian bulğarak – «separate» (O. Karatay). Some scholars believed that the ethnonym Bulgar could have originated from the Proto-Turkic word bulģha – «to mix» (G. W. Bowersock). B. Munkacsi, A. P. Novoseltsev and D. M. Dunlop tried to connect the ethnonym Bulgar with the Ugrians. However, all the proposed hypotheses do not correspond to historical realities and do not withstand criticism.

Therefore, it makes sense to support the assumption put forward by O. Pritsak and supported by P. Dobrev, O. Karatay and other researchers, according to which the term Bulgar was formed from the combination of the Proto-Turkic bel («five») and gur («arrow» in the sense of « tribe»).In our opinion, this hypothesis is most supported by the historical facts contained in the historical narrative. So, Theophanes mentions exactly the five tribes in Great Bulgaria.

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Published
2024-02-12
How to Cite
Bubenok, O. (2024). CIRCUMSTANCES OF EMERGENCE AND SEMANTICS OF THE ETHNONYM BULGAR. Drinovsky Sbornik, 16. Retrieved from https://periodicals.karazin.ua/drinov/article/view/23178