AI AND THE RECONSIDERATION OF WORKFORCES’ SKILLS

Abstract

Modern trends have clearly shown that artificial intelligence is no longer just a futuristic concept of the future. The dynamics of its development and the possibilities of practical application have already made it a powerful force that is fundamentally changing the way people work and function every day. Its impact on the labour market is growing day by day, it is redefining which skills are important, how these skills are formed, and what the future work ecosystem will look like. Many inaccessible tasks that were considered unattainable in the past are easily performed by algorithms and smart machines, which forces people to think about what makes work valuable in an era where technologies have gained more capabilities, speed, and often even lower costs.

This paper examines the changing global skills structure driven by artificial intelligence and what this could mean for developing countries like Georgia. Drawing on a wide range of international research, policy reports, and economic analysis, the article identifies five key trends that are already shaping the workforce of tomorrow.

First, there is the growing dynamic of skills polarization. Routine middle-level jobs, administration, predictable technical functions, basic data processing are increasingly at risk of automation, while highly skilled creative and low-skilled manual labour are relatively stable. Second, a new skills landscape is emerging, where not only technical competencies are becoming the most valuable, but also digital literacy, creativity, emotional intelligence, problem-solving skills, and the ability to adapt quickly. Third, the gap between the rapid development of technologies and the slow adaptation of human skills is widening. This creates a so-called “skills vacuum.” Fourth, education systems are increasingly out of step with the needs of the labour market, especially in countries like Georgia, where educational and vocational courses often fail to keep up with the digital and hybrid demands of the modern economy. Finally, the public policy response to all this is often fragmented and inconsistent. There are no long-term, national strategies whose main goal should be to prepare society for the transition period.

Such trends raise alarm bells, especially in countries where access to retraining and continuing education is limited, regional disparities are keeping people away from new opportunities, and public policies are not yet responding to the scale of technological transformation.

In Georgia, the above challenges are particularly alarming given the weak infrastructure and policies of the education system, where the involvement of labour market actors in the process is neglected, leading to inconsistent management of skills policies.

It provides a solid foundation for future research and highlights areas where timely action is vital to avoid negative impacts on the labour market. The article focuses on challenges that are not only caused by new technologies but are of a much deeper social, economic, and institutional nature. Preparing for the future requires a proactive and inclusive approach: better coordination between education and business, closer cooperation between the public and private sectors, wider access to lifelong learning, and a redefinition of which skills will be truly relevant in tomorrow’s world of work.