Practical Aspects of Definition of High-tech Industries and Products of Ukraine
Abstract
The article accounts for the main approaches to determination and the components of the definition of high-tech industries and products in Ukraine. For this, existing versions in OECD and Eurostat countries are analyzed, where this indicator is common for determining the level of «advanced economies». Constant «leaders» were identified, who were in the group of «high-tech» industries to identify priority indicators. Among them is the production of pharmaceutical products; production of spacecraft and airborne vehicles; computer production; a system for creating and transforming (growing) material objects, including a 3D printer; infusion technologies, the importance of which increases; perspective methods of surface treatment and work from thermoplastics (key are growth technologies); materials, are effective at creation of perspective executive devices for growth technologies: composite and those which show their properties in small-sized structures. Thus, the necessity of defining this concept for Ukraine was justified. It is stated that in the normative legal and program acts the term «high-tech industries products» does not contain a special list of criteria, but only a list of such branches related to high-tech industries. Consequently, the definition of a related category allows us to propose the application for legislative regulation of exports, in addition to the concept of high-tech products, the broader concept of «the production of advanced production technologies», which includes the products of the basic branches of the economy and those which form a significant part of GDP.
To determine the place of Ukraine in the world on the criterion of high-tech, the article examined the export-import structures of the industry. As a result, it was determined that Ukraine today is primarily an importer on the world market of high-tech products, because the foreign trade in high-tech goods is characterized by low shares of high-tech goods in total exports and a significant negative balance.
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