• Retraction of an article is an official procedure that is used in cases of violations of academic integrity, publication ethics, or significant errors that affect the reliability of research results.
• Retraction is carried out in accordance with international standards (COPE Retraction Guidelines) and the journal's policy.\
• The decision to retract is made by the editorial board after a review.

Grounds for retraction of an article:

• plagiarism or misuse of other people's results is detected;
• falsification or fabrication of data is detected;
• the article is a double publication (without appropriate references or approval from the editors of other publications);
• copyright infringement is detected;
• the fact of incorrect determination of authorship (inclusion of "fictitious" authors or exclusion of real co-authors) is established;
• the published results contain significant scientific or technical errors that distort the conclusions;
• concealment of the facts of the use of artificial intelligence contrary to the journal's policy is detected.

Initiation of the procedure

The initiators of the retraction may be: the author(s) of the article; reviewers; readers; members of the editorial board; academic or educational institutions.

The complaint or appeal is submitted in writing to the editorial office, indicating the facts and evidence.

Consideration and decision-making

The editor-in-chief, together with the editorial board, conducts an initial review of the appeal. If necessary, independent experts are involved to assess the situation. The author(s) have the right to provide a written explanation. After analysis, the editorial board adopts one of the following decisions:

• reject the complaint as unfounded;
• correct the article by publishing a corrective note;
• officially retract the article with a published notice.

Retraction procedure

In the event of a decision to retract:

• an official notice of retraction is published on the journal website and in the relevant issue, indicating the reasons;
• the electronic version of the article is stored in the public domain with the mark “Withdrawn” on each PDF page and in the metadata;
• information about the withdrawal is sent to bibliographic databases (Scopus, Web of Science, etc.).

Notification of parties

The author(s) receive a written notification of the reasons and consequences of the withdrawal. The applicant (if he is not the author) receives information about the editorial decision.

Appeal

The author(s) have the right to file an appeal within 30 days of the notification of the withdrawal. The appeal is considered by the editor-in-chief and independent experts, whose decision is final.

Principles of the procedure

• Transparency - the notification of the withdrawal is public and accessible.
• Impartiality - all decisions are made on the basis of evidence and expert opinions.
• Responsibility - the authors bear full responsibility for the reliability and quality of the presented results.

Preservation of the scientific record – even retracted articles remain in the journal archive with appropriate tags.