Relationship Between Religious Stereotypes, Religious Identity and Religious Tolerance
Abstract
The article analyzes the concept of the stereotype of "sectarians" in Ukrainian society. It was shown that emotional and value assessment of "sectarians" is negative: they are disliked, disrespected, and avoided by others. The idea of representatives of non-traditional denominations as those who are actively trying to involve others in their views, meetings, communities, etc., is presented. It is also typical for society to perceive people who belong to non-traditional denominational groups as weak, insecure, dependent on the group leader, and so on. Peculiarities of religious identity and religious tolerance are studied: a fairly high level of religious tolerance in society has been confirmed, but there is a certain declarative identification with religious groups which is reflected, in particular, in the weakness of its manifestations at the behavioral level, in real religious life. It is proved that the general level of religious tolerance among the Orthodox, compared with atheists, is significantly higher: a more tolerant attitude is observed towards all religious groups, including "sectarians". There is also a significant difference in attitudes: Orthodox are more lenient with their "I", respect and value themselves more, while atheists are more critical of themselves. There are negative correlations between attitudes towards "sectarians" and certain characteristics of religious identity, in particular: the stronger the identification with one's religious group and the more a person likes his religious group, the worse the attitude towards "sectarians" is. However, the causal relationship, the real influence on the attitude towards "sectarians" is recorded only in one variable - the general level of religious tolerance: the higher the level of tolerance, the better the attitude towards those who are called "sectarians".
Downloads
References
Список посилань
Brown-Iannuzzi, J. L., McKee, S., & Gervais, W. M. (2018). Atheist horns and religious halos: Mental representations of atheists and theists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 147(2), 292-97.
Galen, L., Williams, T. & Ver Wey, A. (2014). Personality Ratings Are Influenced by Religious Stereotype and Ingroup Bias. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. 24(4), 282-297.
Gallup, R. (2012). Atheists, Muslims see most bias as presidential candidates. https://news.gallup.com/poll/155285/atheists-muslims-bias-presidential-candidates.aspx)
Harper, M. The Stereotyping of Nonreligious People by Religious Students: Contents and Subtypes. (2007). Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 4(46), 539-552.
Jensen, T., Reeh, N., Horstmann Nøddeskou, M. & Bulian G. (2018). Guidelines on Prejudices and Stereotypes in Religions. https://soraps.unive.it/files/2019/04/PROFREAD-IO1-Stereotypes-and-prejudices-Guidelines_V4-05_01_19-2.pdf
Svartvik, J. & Wiren, J. (2013). Religious Stereotyping and Interreligious Relations. Palgrave Macmillan US.
Rios, K., Cheng, Z. H., Totton, R. & Shariff, A. (2015). Negative Stereotypes Cause Christians to Underperform in and Disidentify With Science. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 9, 1-9. https://doi/org/10.1177/1948550615598378
Simpson, A. (2020). Stereotyping Religion. In J.T. Nadler & E.C. Voyles (Eds.), Stereotypes: The Incidence and Impacts of Bias (pp. 264-279). NY: Praeger Publishing.
Жуссипбек, Г. (2013). Светскость и религия: стереотипы, наблюдаемые в постсоветских и постатеистических обществах. В Влияние религии на современный мир. (с.17-23). Алма-Аты: Изд-во Института Философии, политологии и религиоведения.
Логинов, А.В. (2017). Возможна ли внутренняя религиозная толерантность? Социальная философия и социология, 4, 37-46. https://elar.urfu.ru/bitstream/10995/55395/1/iuro-2017-170-04.pdf
Павленко, В.Н. (2002). Соотношение формирования этнической и религиозной идентичности. Идентичность и толерантность: Сборник статей. М.: Старый сад, 49-68.
Павленко, В.Н. & Ваннер, К. (2004). Особенности психологии евангельских христиан-баптистов. Вопросы психологии, 5, 72-87.
Пронина, Т.C. (2015). Религиозная идентичность как психосоциальный феномен. Вестник Русской христианской гуманитарной академии, 2(16), 154-167.
Рыжова, С.В., Хухлаев, О.Е., Гриценко, В.В. & Константинов, В.В. (2018). Структура религиозной идентичности современной православной молодежи. Психологический журнал, 4 (39), 110-119.
Федорова, Ю.Е. (2014). Ислам в восприятии современного европейского сообщества: стереотипы и реальность. Философская мысль, 7, 99-125. https://doi/org/10.7256/2306-0174.2014.7.13036
Хухлаев, О.Е. & Шорохова, В.А. (2016). Социально-психологическое исследование религиозной идентичности у православной молодежи. Социальная психология и общество, 2(7), 35–50. https://doi/org/10.17759/sps.2016070203
Шмелев, В.Ю. & Cаженова, C.А. (2012). Религиозный стереотип: к постановке проблемы. Известия Иркутского государственного университета. Серия «Политология. Религиоведение», 2(9), 213–217.
Шорохова, В.А. (2014). Религиозная идентичность в зарубежных психологических исследованиях: теоретические модели и способы изучения. Социальная психология и общество, 4(5), 44–61. https://psyjournals.ru/files/72839/spio_4_2014_shorohova.pdf
Reference
Brown-Iannuzzi, J. L., McKee, S., & Gervais, W. M. (2018). Atheist horns and religious halos: Mental representations of atheists and theists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 147(2), 292-97.
Galen, L., Williams, T. & Ver Wey, A. (2014). Personality Ratings Are Influenced by Religious Stereotype and Ingroup Bias. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. 24(4), 282-297.
Gallup, R. (2012). Atheists, Muslims see most bias as presidential candidates. https://news.gallup.com/poll/155285/atheists-muslims-bias-presidential-candidates.aspx)
Harper, M. The Stereotyping of Nonreligious People by Religious Students: Contents and Subtypes. (2007). Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 4(46), 539-552.
Jensen, T., Reeh, N., Horstmann Nøddeskou, M. & Bulian G. (2018). Guidelines on Prejudices and Stereotypes in Religions. https://soraps.unive.it/files/2019/04/PROFREAD-IO1-Stereotypes-and-prejudices-Guidelines_V4-05_01_19-2.pdf
Svartvik, J. & Wiren, J. (2013). Religious Stereotyping and Interreligious Relations. Palgrave Macmillan US.
Rios, K., Cheng, Z. H., Totton, R. & Shariff, A. (2015). Negative Stereotypes Cause Christians to Underperform in and Disidentify With Science. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 9, 1-9. https://doi/org/10.1177/1948550615598378
Simpson, A. (2020). Stereotyping Religion. In J.T. Nadler & E.C. Voyles (Eds.), Stereotypes: The Incidence and Impacts of Bias (pp. 264-279). NY: Praeger Publishing,
Jussipbeck, G. (2013). Secularism and Religion: Stereotypes Observed in Post-Soviet and Post-atheistic Societies. In: The influence of religion on the modern world. (pp. 17-23). Almaty: Publishing house of the Institute of Philosophy, Political Science and Religious Studies.
Loginov, A.V. (2017). Is internal religious tolerance possible? Social philosophy and sociology, 4, 37-46. https://elar.urfu.ru/bitstream/10995/55395/1/iuro-2017-170-04.pdf
Pavlenko, V.N. (2002). The ratio of the formation of ethnic and religious identity. Identity and Tolerance: Collection of Articles. Moscow: Old Garden, 49-68.
Pavlenko, V.N. & Wanner, K. (2004). Features of the psychology of Evangelical Christians-Baptists. Psychology Issues, 5, 72-87.
Pronina, T.C. (2015). Religious identity as a psychosocial phenomenon. Bulletin of the Russian Christian Academy of Humanities, 2 (16), 154-167.
Ryzhova, S.V., Khukhlaev, O.E., Gritsenko, V.V. & Konstantinov, V.V. (2018). The structure of religious identity of modern Orthodox youth. Psychological Journal, 4(39), 110-119.
Fedorova, Yu.E. (2014). Islam as Perceived by the Modern European Community: Stereotypes and Reality. Philosophical Thought, 7, 99-125. https://doi/org/10.7256/2306-0174.2014.7.13036
Khukhlaev, O.E. & Shorokhova, V.A. (2016). Socio-psychological study of religious identity among Orthodox youth. Social Psychology and Society, 2(7), 35-50. https://doi/org/10.17759 / sps.2016070203
Shmelev, V.Yu. & Sazhenova, S.A. (2012). Religious stereotype: towards problem statement. Irkutsk State University Bulletin. Series “Political Science. Religious Studies, 2(9), 213-217.
Shorokhova, V.A. (2014). Religious Identity in Foreign Psychological Research: Theoretical Models and Methods of Study. Social Psychology and Society, 4(5), 44 61. https://psyjournals.ru/files/72839/spio_4_2014_shorohova.pdf
