SLOW FACIAL SIGNS AND THEIR PSYCHODIAGNOSTIC VALUE
Keywords:
facial expression, slow facial signs, emotional traits, anxiety, depressiveness, aggressiveness, happiness
Abstract
The current study is devoted to the identifiation of the scientifi basis of permanent facial expression as a psychodiagnotic measure. The aim of the research is to investigate relationships between slow facial signs (SFS) and emotional personality traits with taking into account age and gender on the sample of
Eastern Ukrainians (201 participants). To that end, we measured participants’ personality traits levels and photographed their neutral faces in order to identify any SFS on the photographs of their faces. The test battery included the Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory, Taylor manifest anxiety scale, Buss Durkey hostility inventory, Vasserman social frustration questionnaire, Vasserman neuroticism scale, Personal differential inventory, “Draw-A-Person” and “Draw-A-Person-In-The-Rain” projective tests. We applied Facial Action Coding System (Ekman, Friesen, & Hager) to identify and interprete SFS on the photographs. We found that the most part of revealed SFS relates to anger (12) and sadness (11). The fewest number of revealed SFS
relates to disgust / contempt (5), fear (4) and happiness (4). The elder a person becomes the more increasing number of SFS of sadness (highest rates), anger (lower rates), fear (still lower) and happiness (lowest rates) is expected in one’s face. There are no signifiant differences in manifesting SFS between men and women. We found signifiant correlations between relevant SFS and traits anxiety, depression, and agressiveness (in its
guilt and resentment aspects).
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Bar, M., Neta, M., & Linz, H. (2006). Very fist impressions. Emotion, 6(2), 269-278.
Barabanschikov, V. A., & Nosulenko, V. N. (2004). Sistemnost’. Vospriyatie. Obschenie [Systems. Perception. Communication]. Moscow: IP RAN.
Berkowitz, L. (1983). Aversively stimulated aggression: Some parallels and differences in research with animals and humans. American Psychologist, 38, 1135-1144.
Borkenau, Brecke, Moettig C. (2009). Extraversion is accurately perceived after a 50-ms exposure to a face. Journal of research in personality, 43(4), 703-706.
Campbell, A. (2002). A mind of her own: The evolutionary psychology of women. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Carré, J. M., & McCormick, C. M. (2008). In your face: Facial metrics predict aggressive behaviour in the laboratory and in varsity and professional hockey players. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B, 275, 2651-2656.
Cattell, R. B., & Scheier, I. H. (1961). The meaning and measurement of neuroticism and anxiety. New York: Ronald Press.
Crivelli, C., Carrera, P., & Fernández-Dols, J. M. (2015). Are smiles a sign of happiness? Spontaneous expressions of judo winners. Evolution and Human Behavior, 36, 52-58.
Daros, A. R., Ruocco, A. C., & Rule, N. O. (2016). Identifying Mental Disorder from the Faces of Women with Borderline Personality Disorder. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 40, 255-281.
Davidson, R. J., & Begley, S. (2012). The emotional life of your brain. New York: Hudson Street Press.
Di Domenico, S. I., Matthew N. Quitasol, M. N., & Fournier, M. A. (2015). Ratings of Conscientiousness from Physical Appearance Predict Undergraduate Academic Performance. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. DOI: 10.1007/s10919-015-0213-9
Dill, J. C., & Anderson, C. A. (1995). Effects of frustration justifiation on hostile aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 21(5), 359-369.
Ekman, P. (1978). Facial signs: Facts, fantasies, and possibilities. In T. Sebeok (Ed.), Sight, sound and sense (pp. 124-156). Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press.
Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (2003). Unmasking the face: A guide to recognizing emotions from facial clues. Cambridge, MA: Malor Books.
Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., & Hager, J. C. (2002a). Facial action coding system. Salt Lake City, UT: Research Nexus division of Network Information Research Corporation.
Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., & Hager, J. C. (2002b). Facial action coding system investigator’s guide. Salt Lake City, UT: Research Nexus division of Network Information Research Corporation.
Ellgring, H. (1989). Facial expression as a behavioral indicator of emotional states. Pharmacopsychiatry, 22 (Suppl 1), 23-28.
Goetz, S. M. M., Shattuck, K. S., Miller, R. M., Campbell, J. A., Lozoya, E., Weisfeld, G. E., & Carré, J. M. (2013). Social status moderates the relationship between facial structure and aggression. Psychological Science, 24(11), 2329-2334.
Harrigan, J., Wilson, K, & Rosenthal, R. (2004). Detecting State and Trait Anxiety from Auditory and Visual Cues: A Meta-Analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(1), 56-66.
Hehman, E., Flake, J. K., & Freeman, J. B. (2015). Static and dynamic facial cues differentially affect the consistency of social evaluations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(8), 1123-1134.
Horstmann, G. (2002). Facial expressions of emotion: Does the prototypes represent central tendency, frequency of instantiation, or an ideal? Emotion, 2(3), 297-305.
Sile Hu, S., Xiong, J., Fu, P., Qiao, L., Tan, J., Jin, L., & Tang, K. (2017). Signatures of personality on dense 3D facial images. Scientifi Reports, 7: 73. DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-00071-5
Izard, C. E. (1991). The psychology of emotions. New York: Plenum Press.
Izard, C. E., Hembree, E. A., & Huebner, R. R. (1987). Infants’ emotion expressions to acute pain: Developmental change and stability of individual differences. Developmental Psychology, 23, 105-113.
Jones, A. L., Kramer, R. S. S., & Ward, R. (2012). Signals of Personality and Health: The Contributions of Facial Shape, Skin Texture, and Viewing Angle. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 38(6), 1353-1361.
Kaiser, S., & Wehrle, T. (2001). Facial expressions as indicators of appraisal processes. In K. R. Scherer, A. Schorr, & T. Johnstone (Eds.), Appraisal processes in emotions: Theory, methods, research (pp. 285-300). New York: Oxford University Press.
Kramer, R. S. S., King, J. E., & Ward, R. (2011). Identifying personality from the static, nonexpressive face in humans and chimpanzees: evidence of a shared system for signaling personality. Evolution and Human Behavior, 32, 179–185.
Kupriyanov, V. V., & Stovichek, G. V. (1988). Litso cheloveka: Anatomiya, mimika [Human face: Anatomy, facial expression]. Moscow: Medicine.
Lange, F. (1952). Die Sprache des menschlichen Antlitzes: eine wissenschaftliche Physiognomik und ihre praktische Verwertung im Leben und in der Kunst. Müchen: J. F. Lehmanns Verlag.
Levenson, R. W. (1992). Autonomic nervous system differences among emotions. Psychological Science, 3(1), 23-27.
Little, A. C., Jones, B. C., DeBruine, L. M., & Dunbar, R. I. M. (2013). Accuracy in discrimination of self-reported cooperators using static facial information. Personality and Individual Differences, 54, 507–512.
Malatesta, C. Z., Fiore, M. J., & Messina, J. J. (1987). Affect, personality, and facial expressive characteristics of older people. Psychology and Aging, 2, 64-69.
Mufson, M. J. (2008). Coping with anxiety and phobias. Harvard Health Publications.
Olivola, C. Y., & Todorov, A. (2010). Fooled by fist impressions? Reexamining the diagnostic value of appearance-based inferences. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(2), 315-324.
Oosterhof, N. N., & Todorov, A. (2008). The functional basis of face evaluation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 11087–11092.
Parrott W. G. (2011). Emotions in social psychology: Essential readings. Philadelphia: Psychology Press / Taylor & Francis.
Penton-Voak, I. S., Pound, N., Little, A. C., & Perrett, D. I. (2006). Personality judgments from natural and composite facial images: More evidence for a “kernel of truth” in social perception. Social Cognition, 24(5), 607–640.
Reisenzein, R., Meyer, W.-U. & Schutzwohl, A. (2003). Einfürung in die Emotionspsychologie, Band III: Kognitive Emotionstheorien. Bern: Huber.
Romanov, K., Varjonen, J., Kaprio, J., & Koskenvuo, M. (2003). Life events and depressiveness – the effect of adjustment for psychosocial factors, somatic health and genetic liability. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 107(1), 25-33.
Said, C. P., Haxby, J. V., & Todorov, A. (2011). Brain systems for assessing the affective value of faces. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 366(1571), 1660-1670.
Scott, N. J., Kramer, R. S. S., Jones, A. L., & Ward, R. (2013). Facial cues to depressive symptoms and
their associated personality attributions. Psychiatry Research, 208, 47–53.
Stirrat, M., & Perrett, D. I. (2010). Valid facial cues to cooperation and trust: Male facial width and trustworthiness. Psychological Science, 21(3), 349-354.
Wong, E. M., Ormiston, M. E., & Haselhuhn, M. P. (2011). A face only an investor could love: CEOs’ facial structure predicts their fims’ fiancial performance. Psychological Science, 22(12), 1478-1483.
Wu, Z., & Fang, Y. (2014). Comorbidity of depressive and anxiety disorders: challenges in diagnosis and assessment. Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry, 26 (4), 227-231.
Zajonc, R. B. (1985). Emotion and facial efference: A theory reclaimed. Science, 228, 15–21.
Zebrowitz, L. A. (2017). First Impressions From Faces. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 26(3) 237–242.
Barabanschikov, V. A., & Nosulenko, V. N. (2004). Sistemnost’. Vospriyatie. Obschenie [Systems. Perception. Communication]. Moscow: IP RAN.
Berkowitz, L. (1983). Aversively stimulated aggression: Some parallels and differences in research with animals and humans. American Psychologist, 38, 1135-1144.
Borkenau, Brecke, Moettig C. (2009). Extraversion is accurately perceived after a 50-ms exposure to a face. Journal of research in personality, 43(4), 703-706.
Campbell, A. (2002). A mind of her own: The evolutionary psychology of women. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Carré, J. M., & McCormick, C. M. (2008). In your face: Facial metrics predict aggressive behaviour in the laboratory and in varsity and professional hockey players. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B, 275, 2651-2656.
Cattell, R. B., & Scheier, I. H. (1961). The meaning and measurement of neuroticism and anxiety. New York: Ronald Press.
Crivelli, C., Carrera, P., & Fernández-Dols, J. M. (2015). Are smiles a sign of happiness? Spontaneous expressions of judo winners. Evolution and Human Behavior, 36, 52-58.
Daros, A. R., Ruocco, A. C., & Rule, N. O. (2016). Identifying Mental Disorder from the Faces of Women with Borderline Personality Disorder. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 40, 255-281.
Davidson, R. J., & Begley, S. (2012). The emotional life of your brain. New York: Hudson Street Press.
Di Domenico, S. I., Matthew N. Quitasol, M. N., & Fournier, M. A. (2015). Ratings of Conscientiousness from Physical Appearance Predict Undergraduate Academic Performance. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. DOI: 10.1007/s10919-015-0213-9
Dill, J. C., & Anderson, C. A. (1995). Effects of frustration justifiation on hostile aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 21(5), 359-369.
Ekman, P. (1978). Facial signs: Facts, fantasies, and possibilities. In T. Sebeok (Ed.), Sight, sound and sense (pp. 124-156). Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press.
Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (2003). Unmasking the face: A guide to recognizing emotions from facial clues. Cambridge, MA: Malor Books.
Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., & Hager, J. C. (2002a). Facial action coding system. Salt Lake City, UT: Research Nexus division of Network Information Research Corporation.
Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., & Hager, J. C. (2002b). Facial action coding system investigator’s guide. Salt Lake City, UT: Research Nexus division of Network Information Research Corporation.
Ellgring, H. (1989). Facial expression as a behavioral indicator of emotional states. Pharmacopsychiatry, 22 (Suppl 1), 23-28.
Goetz, S. M. M., Shattuck, K. S., Miller, R. M., Campbell, J. A., Lozoya, E., Weisfeld, G. E., & Carré, J. M. (2013). Social status moderates the relationship between facial structure and aggression. Psychological Science, 24(11), 2329-2334.
Harrigan, J., Wilson, K, & Rosenthal, R. (2004). Detecting State and Trait Anxiety from Auditory and Visual Cues: A Meta-Analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(1), 56-66.
Hehman, E., Flake, J. K., & Freeman, J. B. (2015). Static and dynamic facial cues differentially affect the consistency of social evaluations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(8), 1123-1134.
Horstmann, G. (2002). Facial expressions of emotion: Does the prototypes represent central tendency, frequency of instantiation, or an ideal? Emotion, 2(3), 297-305.
Sile Hu, S., Xiong, J., Fu, P., Qiao, L., Tan, J., Jin, L., & Tang, K. (2017). Signatures of personality on dense 3D facial images. Scientifi Reports, 7: 73. DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-00071-5
Izard, C. E. (1991). The psychology of emotions. New York: Plenum Press.
Izard, C. E., Hembree, E. A., & Huebner, R. R. (1987). Infants’ emotion expressions to acute pain: Developmental change and stability of individual differences. Developmental Psychology, 23, 105-113.
Jones, A. L., Kramer, R. S. S., & Ward, R. (2012). Signals of Personality and Health: The Contributions of Facial Shape, Skin Texture, and Viewing Angle. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 38(6), 1353-1361.
Kaiser, S., & Wehrle, T. (2001). Facial expressions as indicators of appraisal processes. In K. R. Scherer, A. Schorr, & T. Johnstone (Eds.), Appraisal processes in emotions: Theory, methods, research (pp. 285-300). New York: Oxford University Press.
Kramer, R. S. S., King, J. E., & Ward, R. (2011). Identifying personality from the static, nonexpressive face in humans and chimpanzees: evidence of a shared system for signaling personality. Evolution and Human Behavior, 32, 179–185.
Kupriyanov, V. V., & Stovichek, G. V. (1988). Litso cheloveka: Anatomiya, mimika [Human face: Anatomy, facial expression]. Moscow: Medicine.
Lange, F. (1952). Die Sprache des menschlichen Antlitzes: eine wissenschaftliche Physiognomik und ihre praktische Verwertung im Leben und in der Kunst. Müchen: J. F. Lehmanns Verlag.
Levenson, R. W. (1992). Autonomic nervous system differences among emotions. Psychological Science, 3(1), 23-27.
Little, A. C., Jones, B. C., DeBruine, L. M., & Dunbar, R. I. M. (2013). Accuracy in discrimination of self-reported cooperators using static facial information. Personality and Individual Differences, 54, 507–512.
Malatesta, C. Z., Fiore, M. J., & Messina, J. J. (1987). Affect, personality, and facial expressive characteristics of older people. Psychology and Aging, 2, 64-69.
Mufson, M. J. (2008). Coping with anxiety and phobias. Harvard Health Publications.
Olivola, C. Y., & Todorov, A. (2010). Fooled by fist impressions? Reexamining the diagnostic value of appearance-based inferences. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(2), 315-324.
Oosterhof, N. N., & Todorov, A. (2008). The functional basis of face evaluation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 11087–11092.
Parrott W. G. (2011). Emotions in social psychology: Essential readings. Philadelphia: Psychology Press / Taylor & Francis.
Penton-Voak, I. S., Pound, N., Little, A. C., & Perrett, D. I. (2006). Personality judgments from natural and composite facial images: More evidence for a “kernel of truth” in social perception. Social Cognition, 24(5), 607–640.
Reisenzein, R., Meyer, W.-U. & Schutzwohl, A. (2003). Einfürung in die Emotionspsychologie, Band III: Kognitive Emotionstheorien. Bern: Huber.
Romanov, K., Varjonen, J., Kaprio, J., & Koskenvuo, M. (2003). Life events and depressiveness – the effect of adjustment for psychosocial factors, somatic health and genetic liability. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 107(1), 25-33.
Said, C. P., Haxby, J. V., & Todorov, A. (2011). Brain systems for assessing the affective value of faces. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 366(1571), 1660-1670.
Scott, N. J., Kramer, R. S. S., Jones, A. L., & Ward, R. (2013). Facial cues to depressive symptoms and
their associated personality attributions. Psychiatry Research, 208, 47–53.
Stirrat, M., & Perrett, D. I. (2010). Valid facial cues to cooperation and trust: Male facial width and trustworthiness. Psychological Science, 21(3), 349-354.
Wong, E. M., Ormiston, M. E., & Haselhuhn, M. P. (2011). A face only an investor could love: CEOs’ facial structure predicts their fims’ fiancial performance. Psychological Science, 22(12), 1478-1483.
Wu, Z., & Fang, Y. (2014). Comorbidity of depressive and anxiety disorders: challenges in diagnosis and assessment. Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry, 26 (4), 227-231.
Zajonc, R. B. (1985). Emotion and facial efference: A theory reclaimed. Science, 228, 15–21.
Zebrowitz, L. A. (2017). First Impressions From Faces. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 26(3) 237–242.
Published
2019-01-21
Cited
How to Cite
Біда, С. О., & Луценко, О. Л. (2019). SLOW FACIAL SIGNS AND THEIR PSYCHODIAGNOSTIC VALUE. The Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. A Series of «Psychology», (65), 46-53. Retrieved from https://periodicals.karazin.ua/psychology/article/view/12240
