Remote action as a type of legally significant action
Abstract
Introduction. In the article, the system-forming subject of research is remote action as a type of lawful actions of legal entities, which is understood as the direct opposite of contact action, the criterion for distinguishing which is their method of implementation in space. The concepts, signs of contact and remote actions, as well as the classification of the main types of remote actions are represented. The purpose of the article involves, first of all, the characterization of remote action from the standpoint of general theoretical jurisprudence, the definition of its concept with the justification of its terminological form and internal logic.
Summary of the main research results. According to the method of implementation in space, it is necessary to distinguish between contact actions and remote (non-contact) actions, which become lawful actions in the case when the hypothesis of the rule of law provides for the relevant action as a legal fact, as a result its "legal consequences" (positive, negative). The main features of remote action are "instrumental" feature (a special way of implementing the action) and "spatial" feature (remoteness in the physical space of the subject of action in relation to a particular object, subject). The basic concepts of the author's definition of remote action: "mode of action", "remoteness (significant, insignificant) in space", "subject of action", "object (subject) of influence (interaction)". According to the method of implementation there are remote actions: verbal, physical (body-moving): insignificant, symbolic; using: natural (modified, unmodified) means; artificial means ("technical", "robotic" - non-autonomous, autonomous). By types of technical means there are remote actions with the use of technical means: non-electronic, electronic; the latest (using technology with artificial intelligence technology), historical and traditional.
Conclusions. The term "remote action" is ambiguous, the phrase "remote action" may be related to such legal categories as "subjects of law (legal relations)", "objects of law (legal relations)". Legally significant "remote action" should be defined as a rule provided by the rules (principles) of law, which is carried out in a way that allows a certain significant or insignificant distance in the space of the subject of action and its object (subject) of influence (interaction). Today, first of all, there is a need to distinguish between remote actions using artificial means (technical, robotic - non-autonomous, autonomous), as well as - physical, using the Internet, electronic remote actions.
Downloads
References
/References
Нотаріальна палата України. URL: https://npu.ua/news/websymposium/
Удаленные нотариальные действия. URL: https://notariat.ru/ru-ru/remote/
Тлумачний словник сучасної української мови / за ред. проф. В.С. Калашника. Харків: Белкар-книга, 2005. 800 с.
QR code changes Subway station to Supermarket. URL: https://medium.com/civic-analytics-2019/qr-code-changes-subway-station-to-supermarket-218bbcedacfa
Великий тлумачний словник сучасної української мови / уклад. і голов. ред. В.Т. Бусел. Київ; Ірпінь: ВТФ Перун, 2001. 1440 с.
Спеціальні технічні засоби отримання інформації. URL: https://ips.ligazakon.net/document/TM023321
Словник української мови: в 11 томах. / ред. тому: П. Й. Горецький [та ін.]. Том 1: А-В. Київ: Наук. думка, 1970. 799 c.
Exploring Biodigital Convergence. URL: https://horizons.gc.ca/en/2020/02/11/exploring-biodigital-convergence/
Converging Technologies for Improving Human Performance. URL: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/bioecon-%28%23%20023SUPP%29%20NSF-NBIC.pdf
Родзин С.И., Титаренко И.Н. Конвергенция нано-, био-, инфо-, когнитивных технологий и электронная культура // Открытое образование. 2014. №3. С. 10-17.
Словник української мови: в 11 томах. / ред. тому: П. П. Доценко, Л. А. Юрчук. Том 2: Г-Ж. Київ: Наук. думка, 1971. 550 c.
Глазьев С.Ю. Доклад о глубинных причинах нарастающего хаоса и мерах по преодолению экономического кризиса. URL: http://www.fa.ru/Documents/Glaziev_Chaos.pdf
Словник іншомовних слів / за ред. чл.-кор. АН УРСР О.С. Мельничука. Київ: Гол. ред. УРЕ, 1974. 775 с.
Сурнин В. На пороге дистанционных войн. URL: // http://old.redstar.ru/2004/10/06_10/3_06.html
Органи чуття. Українська Вікіпедія. URL: https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Органи_чуття
«Насекомые-союзники»: создают ли США биологическое оружие под видом научных проектов. URL: https://russian.rt.com/world/article/561425-biologicheskoe-oruzhie-ssha
Шульга А. М. Співвідношення поведінки робота і людини: первинні правничі термінопоняття. Вісник Харківського національного університету імені В. Н. Каразіна. Серія «Право». 2018. Випуск 26. С. 156-160.
Правовые вопросы ближайшего будущего: роботы-убийцы. URL: https://pravo.ru/review/view/94866/
Первушин А. И. Дистанционная война. URL: https://military.wikireading.ru/3741
What happens when a software bot goes on a darknet shopping spree? URL: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/dec/05/software-bot-darknet-shopping-spree-random-shopper
Кузьмичева А.А. Материальное и идеальное пространства Вестник ИрГТУ. 2013. №4 (75). С. 261-267.
Корсун К. Цифровой апокалипсис в Украине. Как приложение "Дія" может отобрать у вас все. URL: https://focus.ua/opinions/486428-cifrovoy-apokalipsis-v-ukraine-kak-prilozhenie-diya-mozhet-otobrat-u-vas-vse
Что такое QR-коды и как их сканировать. URL: https://www.kaspersky.ru/resource-center/definitions/what-is-a-qr-code-how-to-scan
Електронне голосування. URL: https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-other_news/2445172-elektronne-golosuvanna.html
Інструкція по голосуванню за проєкти бюджету участі. URL: http://kam.gov.ua/ua/povidomlenja/pg/50620708976338_p18/print/page/
Сноуден: спецслужбы дистанционно управляют смартфонами. URL: https://www.bbc.com/russian/science/2015/10/151005_snowden_smartphones
Птичкин С. Чекисты сканировали мысли Мадлен Олбрайт. URL: https://rg.ru/2006/12/22/gosbezopasnostj-podsoznanie.html
Bowart W.H. Operation Mind Control. Lulu.com. 2017. 687 p.
Назаров Д.В., Ахмедзянов В.Р. Психотронное оружие. Воздействие скрытых команд на подсознание человека Вестник РУДН, серия Экология и безопасность жизнедеятельности. 2008. № 4. С. 49-54.
Диспарантное видео. Об этом способе зомбирования не знает почти никто. URL: http://www.pravda-tv.ru/2009/07/24/1729
Notary Chamber of Ukraine. (2021, December). Retrieved from https://npu.ua/news/websymposium/ (In Ukrainian)
Removed notarial acts. (2021, December). Retrieved from https://notariat.ru/ru-ru/remote/ (In Russian)
Kalashnikov, V. S. (2005). Explanatory Dictionary of the modern Ukrainian language. Kharkiv: Belkar-book. (In Ukrainian)
QR code changes Subway station to Supermarket. (2021, December). Retrieved from https://medium.com/civic-analytics-2019/qr-code-changes-subway-station-to-supermarket-218bbcedacfa
Bysel, V. T. (2001). Large explanatory dictionary of the modern Ukrainian language. Kyiv: WTF Perun. (In Ukrainian)
Special technical means of obtaining information. (2021, December). Retrieved from https://ips.ligazakon.net/document/TM023321/ (In Ukrainian)
Goretsky, P.Y. (1970). Dictionary of the Ukrainian language. Kyiv: Science opinion. (In Ukrainian)
Exploring Biodigital Convergence. (2021, December). Retrieved from https://horizons.gc.ca/en/2020/02/11/exploring-biodigital-convergence/
Converging Technologies for Improving Human Performance. (2021, December). Retrieved from https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/bioecon-%28%23%20023SUPP%29%20NSF-NBIC.pdf
Rodzin, S.I., Titarenko I.N. (2014). Convergence of nano-, bio-, info-, cognitive technologies and electronic culture. Open education, 3, 10-17/ (In Russian)
Dotsenko P. P., Yurchuk L. A. (1971). Dictionary of the Ukrainian language. Kyiv: Science opinion. (In Ukrainian)
Glazyev, S.Yu. (2020). On the Underlying Causes of Growing Chaos and Measures of the Economic Crisis Overcoming. Eurasian integration, 2, 11-22. Retrieved from http://www.fa.ru/Documents/Glaziev_Chaos.pdf/ (In Russian)
Melnichuk, O.S. (1974). Dictionary of foreign words. Kyiv: Goal. ed. URE. (In Ukrainian)
Surnin, V. (2004). On the Threshold of Distance Wars. Retrieved from http://old.redstar.ru/2004/10/06_10/3_06.html/ (In Russian)
Organi chutta. (2021, May). Retrieved from https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Органи_чуття. (In Ukrainian)
"Allied insects" is the US developing biological weapons under the guise of scientific projects. (2018, October). Retrieved from https://russian.rt.com/world/article/561425-biologicheskoe-oruzhie-ssha. (In Russian)
Shulga, A. M. (2018). The ratio of robot and human behavior: primary legal terms. Law series, 26, 156-160. (In Ukrainian)
Legal issues for the near future: killer robots. (2013, November). Retrieved from https://pravo.ru/review/view/94866/ (In Russian)
Pervushin, A. I. Distant warfare. Retrieved from https://military.wikireading.ru/3741/ (In Russian)
What happens when a software bot goes on a darknet shopping spree? Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/dec/05/software-bot-darknet-shopping-spree-random-shopper
Kuzmicheva, A. A. Material and ideal space. Bulletin of ISTU, 4 (75), 261-267/ (In Russian)
Korsun, K. Digital Apocalypse in Ukraine. How Diya can take everything from you. (2021, June). Retrieved from https://focus.ua/opinions/486428-cifrovoy-apokalipsis-v-ukraine-kak-prilozhenie-diya-mozhet-otobrat-u-vas-vse/ (In Russian)
What are QR codes and how to scan them. (2021, November). Retrieved from https://www.kaspersky.ru/resource-center/definitions/what-is-a-qr-code-how-to-scan (In Russian)
Electronic voting. (2021, December). Retrieved from https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-other_news/2445172- elektronne-golosuvanna.html
Instruction on voting for draft participation budgets. (2021, December). Retrieved from http://kam.gov.ua/ua/povidomlenja/pg/50620708976338_p18/print/page/ (In Ukrainian)
Snowden: Intelligence agencies remotely control smartphones. (2021, December). Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/russian/science/2015/10/151005_snowden_smartphones/ (In Russian)
Ptichkin, S. Security officers scanned Madeleine Albright's thoughts. (2006, December). Retrieved from https://rg.ru/2006/12/22/gosbezopasnostj-podsoznanie.html (In Russian)
Bowart, W. H. (2017). Operation Mind Control. Lulu.com.
Nazarov, D. V. Akhmedzyanov V.R. (2008). Psychotronic weapons. Impact of hidden commands on the human subconscious. RUDN Bulletin, series Ecology and life safety, 4, 49-54. (In Russian)
Dispatch video. Almost no one knows about this method of zombification. (2009, July). Retrieved from http://www.pravda-tv.ru/2009/07/24/1729. (In Russian)
Copyright (c) 2022 Анатолій Шульга
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.