EU strategy for the electric mobility development in the context of the green economy transition

Abstract

The global automotive industry is undergoing a profound transformation, driven by the urgent need for decarbonization, energy security, and technological advancements. Electric vehicle (EV) production has become a central element of this transformation, emerging not only as a technological challenge but also as a critical arena for international industrial competition. This article examines the European Union’s strategy for electric mobility development within the context of the green economy transition, particularly focusing on the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead for EV production in the EU. The goal of this study is to define the EU's current position in the global electric mobility landscape, identify key policy gaps, and develop scientifically grounded recommendations for enhancing EV production. The methodological framework of this study is built upon a qualitative approach, emphasizing comparative and structural analysis of key factors influencing the development of electric mobility within the EU. The research employs systems analysis and contextual evaluation to understand how innovative technologies are integrated into EU transportation policies and the broader context of the green economy transition. The findings reveal that, despite long-term regulatory frameworks like the 2035 internal combustion engine (ICE) phase-out and the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR), short-term policy volatility and market fragmentation persist as significant challenges. The slowdown in battery electric vehicle (BEV) market share, particularly in Germany, underscores the need for continued and stable policy incentives to maintain adoption momentum. The success of the EU’s electric mobility transition will depend on three critical dimensions: sustained policy coherence, equitable infrastructure development, and maintaining industrial competitiveness in a shifting global market. The article identifies the main challenges and opportunities related to the integration of green energy technologies into the EU's transport system and their impact on shaping a sustainable future of mobility. It highlights the role of electric vehicle production as a central component of the EU’s green economy transition, addressing both technological and strategic aspects in the context of decarbonization and energy security. The study proposes scientific and practical recommendations for enhancing electric vehicle production within the EU, focusing on the development of policies that ensure long-term stability and effective implementation of green energy technologies. These recommendations aim to overcome the challenges associated with market fragmentation and policy volatility, which threaten the adoption of EVs, especially in the face of a slowdown in the BEV market share, particularly in Germany. The practical implication of this research lies in providing a robust framework for EU policymakers to accelerate the integration of green technologies into the transport sector, thereby boosting the competitiveness of Europe in the global electric vehicle market. The results offer insights into necessary interventions for achieving climate neutrality and securing technological sovereignty within the EU, while also promoting economic growth and job creation in a low-carbon future. Governments must engage in active, long-term policy interventions to foster industrial ecosystems that support clean mobility, economic competitiveness, and technological sovereignty. The proposed recommendations provide a framework for government action that, if successfully implemented, will not only accelerate the transition to electric mobility but also contribute to the EU’s broader goals of climate neutrality, technological innovation, and inclusive economic growth. Future research should focus on further refining the strategies for cross-border collaboration, the integration of renewable energy into EV infrastructure, and the evolution of consumer behavior in response to policy measures. Ultimately, the EU’s strategy for electric mobility development will determine its ability to lead in the global transition to sustainable transportation.