Застосування кількісних методів для оцінки стійкості до зсувів басейну річки Агсучай
Анотація
Азербайджан робить багато зусиль для зменшення впливу небезпечних геологічних процесів на природні геосистеми, проте вони все ще завдають величезної шкоди. Більшою мірою до таких процесів схильний регіон Великого Кавказу, а саме південний схил, де зустрічається весь спектр небезпечних геологічних процесів: землетрус (7-8 б і вище), обвали, зсуви, осипи, селеві потоки та ін. Усі вони є масштабними за збитками процесами – впливають на значні площі, призводять до економічних втрат. Мета дослідження – виявити основні чинники формування та поширення зсувів у басейні однієї з найбільш селеносних річок не тільки Азербайджану, а й Південного Кавказу – р. Агсучай, виявити умови їх утворення, дати оцінку ризику вразливості території до зсувних процесів, а також способи запобігання та захисту. Для оцінки зсувної вразливості та створення карт потенційного розвитку зсувів у басейні р. Агсучай нами було використано метод співвідношення частотностей (Frequency Ratio method – FR). На прикладі басейну р. Агсучай для мінімізації збитків від зсувів було проведено детальне вивчення факторів (гіпсометрія, кути нахилу (крутість схилів), експозиція схилів, геологічна будова (літологія), відстань від розломів, середньорічна кількість опадів, відстань до ерозійної мережі, відстань до доріг та землекористування), що визначають розвиток зсувних процесів з урахуванням механізму їх розвитку, а також аналіз отриманих значень зсувної вразливості та потенційного їх розвитку. Для цього в програмному середовищі ArcGIS за допомогою інструменту просторового аналізу «Калькулятор растру» підсумувавши кожен фактор утворення зсувів, перемножені на свою вагу, була отримана карта зсувної вразливості басейну р. Агсучай. Використовуючи метод класифікації природних кордонів у програмному середовищі ArcGIS, район дослідження був поділений на п'ять зон за потенціалом розвитку зсувів: дуже низький, низький, середній, високий та дуже високий. В кінцевому підсумку достовірність отриманих моделей була оцінена із застосуванням AUC ROC (площа під кривою помилок) аналізу, який показав високу результативність (82%) методу, що використовується.
Завантаження
Посилання
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