Ecological problems of irrigated soils in the south of Ukraine
Abstract
Problem formulation. Ecological quality of soils and agricultural products depends on the level of irrigation water mineralization. The quality of mineralized irrigation water has a negative impact on soils, agricultural products and ecosystems. This is especially negative in the conditions of Southern Ukraine within the Black Sea territories where the formation of irrigation waters in the Ingulets river basin depends on the influence of the Kryvyi Rih iron ore basin located in the river basin.
The aim of the article is to assess the impact of mineralized irrigation waters on soils and natural ecosystems.
Materials and methods. Field sampling of water and dark chestnut saline soils and southern chernozem soils to determine the impact of mineralized water quality on soils and ecosystems, statistical analysis of the obtained data.
Results. Discharges of highly mineralized mine waters into the river basin lead to a change in the flow velocity in the river from 4 m³/s to 20 m³/s, which negatively affects the flora and fauna living conditions. Depending on the chemical composition of the discharges, the mineralization of irrigation water varies from 1.393 g/dm³ to 1.7608 g/dm³, and sometimes reaches 4.349 g/dm³. In terms of chemical composition, irrigation water is formed as a hydrocarbonate-sulfate-chloride with almost the same content of sulfates and chlorides, calcium-magnesium-sodium with a significant advantage of sodium. The dynamics of irrigation water quality indicators during 2013-2021 testifies to an increase of the most dangerous indicators for soils: hydrogen index of soil solution (pH) from 7.7 to 8.4, chlorine ion content (Cl–) – from 9.52 to 10.77 meq/dm³ and sodium (Na+) from 9.52 to 13.33 meq/dm³. By means of correlation and regression analyzes, the regularities of water hydrochemical composition formation were revealed and a strong functional connection between mineralization and chlorine ions (r = 0.99) and sulfate ions (r = 0.99), between mineralization and hydrocarbonate ions was established (r = 0.47). As the mineralization of water increases, the content of chlorine ions and sulfate ions increases proportionally, and hydrocarbonate ions play a secondary role in the formation of the hydrochemical composition. To prevent the chlorine ions excess of more than 350 meq/dm³ and sulfate ions excess – 500 meq/dm³, irrigation water mineralization should not exceed 1500 mg/dm³, and to prevent the chlorine ions excess of more than 350 meq/dm³, water flow from the canal should be at least 9.0 m³/s.
Scientific novelty. New mathematical models of the irrigation water mineralization, its anionic composition, its chloride content dependence on water consumption from the Ingulets river and the interdependence between mineralization and cationic composition of water are offered.
Practical significance. The obtained results are of practical importance for the implementation of agro-ameliorative measures for soil and ecosystem conservation.
Downloads
References
Vozhehova R. A. ed. (2018). Scientific bases of adaptation of agricultural systems to climate change in the South-ern Steppe of Ukraine. Kherson: OLDI-PLUS, 752 [in Ukrainian]
Tukenova Z., Mustafayev M., Alimzhanova M., Akylbekova T. &Ashimuly K. (2021). Influence of pesticides on the biological activity of light chestnut soils in South-East Kazakhstan. Water and Land Development, 48 (I–III): 141–147. Available at: https://www.itp.edu.pl/JWLD/files/Tukenowa-Mustafayev-et-al-785.pdf
Kovalenko P. I. (2011). Actual problems of the use of water resources and reclaimed land at the current stage. Land reclamation and water management, 99, 5–16 [in Ukrainian]
Chandra A. Madramootoo. (2011). Water Management for Global Food Security/ McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21,111 Lakeshore Road Ste. Anne de Bellevue QC H9X 3V9, Canada. 136. Available at: https://www.mcgill.ca/macdonald/GFS_Seminar_Cafiero
Volochnyuk E. G. (2002). Formation of water quality of Ingulets irrigation system. Taurian Scientific Bulletin. Kherson, 21, 130-133. [in Ukrainian] Available at: https://www.google.com/search?q
Morozov O.V., KozlenkoYe.V., Morozov V.V. (2021). Modern problems of formation of water quality of the Ingulets Irrigation System in case of application of washing of the Ingulets river during April-August and ways of their de-cision. Agrarian innovations, 7, 53-59. [in Ukrainian]. Available at: http://agrarian-innovations.izpr.ks.ua/index.php/agrarian/article/view/145
Tukenova Z., Akylbekova T., Alimzhanova M., Ashimoly K.&Saparov A. (2020). Environmental assessment of the impact of technogenic factors on the soil mesofauna of the South-East of Kazakhstan and development bio indica-tive and indicative factors. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 15(22), 2706-2712. Available at: http://www.arpnjournals.org/jeas/research_papers/rp_2020/jeas_1120_8408.pdf
Mustafaev, F., Mustafaev, M. (2019). Water-salt regime in the melioration Soils of the Shriven Plan and there influ-ence on agricultural plants prod activity (Ujar Support Station). JOUR, 8, 258. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345028168_Water-salt_regime_in_the_meliorated_soils_of_the_Shirvan_Plain_and_their_influence_on_agricultural_plants_productivity_Ujar_Support_Station
Morozov O.V., Kozlenko Ye.V., Morozov V.V. (2021). Water-salt anthropogenic load on long-term irrigated soils of the Ingulets massif. Irrigation agriculture. 76, 43-48. [in Ukrainian]. Available at: http://izpr.ks.ua/arkhiv?id=89
Melashych A.V., Safonova O.P., Kokovikhin S. V., Pisarenko P.V. (2010). Comparative characteristics of the ecolog-ical condition of irrigated lands by the differentiation of the depth of groundwater. Irrigation agriculture. 53, 29-41. Available at: http://izpr.ks.ua/archive/2010/53/53_2010.pdf
Melashych A.V., Pisarenko P.V., Bidnina I.O.,Melashych T.A. (2011).Features of the soil-forming process in dark chestnut soil with different methods of irrigation. Irrigation agriculture. 55, 24-29. [in Ukrainian]. Available at: http://izpr.ks.ua/archive/2011/55/5.pdf
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and So-cial– European Commission (2014). Brussels, 16.4.2013.COM.216 final. 11. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2013/EN/1-2013-216-EN-F1-1.Pdf
Romashchenko М.I. (2020). The impact of modern climate change on water resources and agricultural production. Land reclamation and water management. 1, 5-22 [in Ukrainian]. Available at: https://mivg.iwpim.com.ua/index.php/mivg/article/view/235
Bucknall, J., Bucknall, I. Klytchnikova, J. Lampietti & M. Thurman J. Washington (2003). Irrigation in Central Asia: social, economic and environmental considerations. DC, 104. Available at: http://web.worldbank.org/archive/website00504/WEB/OTHER/176B6FDD.HTM?Opendocument
Global Water Partnership. Water Management and Ecosystems: Living with Change (2009). Technical Committee (TEC) Background Paper. Stockholm, 74. Available at: https://www.gwp.org/globalassets/global/toolbox/publications/background-papers/gwp_tec_19_web.pdf
Middle Willamette Agricultural Water Quality Management Area Plan. (2020). Oregon Dept. of Agriculture. 74. Available at: https://www.oregon.gov/oda/shared/Documents/Publications/NaturalResources/WillametteMiddleAWQMAreaPlan.pdf
Ayers, R.S., Westcot, D.W. (1985; access 07.09.2021). Water quality for agriculture. FAO Irrigation and drainage paper, 29, 1, 192. Available at: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-96190-3_5
Zaman, М., Shahid, Sh., Heng, L. (2018). Guideline for Salinity Assessment, Mitigation and Adaptation Using Nu-clear and Related Techniques. Irrigation Water Quality, 164. Available at: https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/fa591144-4b76-41b4-a297-791b27c51720/1007237.pdf
Zaman, М., Shahid, Sh., Heng, L. (2018). Guideline for Salinity Assessment, Mitigation and Adaptation Using Nu-clear and Related Techniques. FAO/IAEA. Irrigation Systems and Zones of Salinity Development, 91-111. Available at: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-96190-3_4
Ben-Gal, A. & Shani, U. (2002). Yield, transpiration and growth of tomatoes under combined excess boron and salinity stress. Plant Soil. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 6, 9. Available at: https://scirp.org/reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1496531
Bucknall, J., Klytchnikova, I., Lampietti, J., Lundell, M. fnd Thurman, M. (2003). Irrigation in Central Asia: social, economic and environmental considerations. Washington. The World Bank, 104. Available at: http://web.worldbank.org/archive/website00504/WEB/PDF/IRRIGATI.PDF
Chandra A. Madramootoo (2011). Water Management for Global Food Security. McGill Institute for Global Food Security Montreal, Canada, 136. Available at: https://www.mcgill.ca/macdonald/GFS_Seminar_Cafiero
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and So-cial–European Commission (2022). Council’s of the European Union. General Secretariat, 178 pp. Available at: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/60869/20213371_pdf_qc0221838enn_002.pdf
Global Water Partnership. Water Management and Ecosystems: Living with Change (2009). Technical Committee (TEC) Background Paper. Stockholm, Sweden, 23, 74. Available at: https://www.inbo-news.org/IMG/pdf/GWP-INBOHandbookForIWRMinBasins.pdf
Carter, C., Grieve, C., Poss, J., Suarez, D. (2005). Production and ion uptake of Celosia argentea irrigated with saline wastewaters. Scientia Horticultural, 106, 381–394. Available at: https://www.ars.usda.gov/arsuserfiles/20360500/pdf_pubs/P2021.pdf
Carter, C.T., Grieve, C.M. & Poss, J.A. (2005). Salinity effects on emergence, survival, and ion accumulation of Limonium perezii. Plant Horticultural, 28, 7, 1243–1257. Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1081/PLN-200063293
Lozovitskyi P., Shevel I. (2000). Chemical composition of irrigation water of Ingulets irrigation system. Water man-agement of Ukraine, 1–2, 6–9 [in Ukrainian].
Riabkov S.V., Usata L.H., Nоvаthоk, І.О. Nоvаthоk (2013). On the impact of drip irrigation, irrigation water quality and fertilizers on soil processes and productivity of orchards. [in Ukrainian]. Available at: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Vnuvgp_tekhn_2016_3_11
Ilnicki, P. (2014). Emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus into rivers from agricultural land – selected controversial issues Piotr. Journal of Water and Land Development, 23 (X–XII): 31–39. https://journals.pan.pl/dlibra/publication/104144/edition/90149/content
Attoui, B., Toumi, N., Messaoudi, S., Benrabah, S. (2016). Degradation of water quality: the case of plain west of Annaba (northeast Algeria). Journal of Water and Land Development, 31 (X–XII): 3–10. Available at: https://journals.pan.pl/dlibra/publication/116147/edition/100936/content
Marcinkowski, P., Piniewski, M., Kardel, I., Srinivasan, R., Okruszko, T. (2016). Challenges in modelling of water quantity and quality in two contrasting meso-scale catchments in Poland. Journal of Water and Land Develop-ment, 31 (X–XII): 97–111. Available at: https://journals.pan.pl/dlibra/publication/116156/edition/100945/content
DSTU 4077-2001 ISO 10523: 1994, MOD. (2003). Water quality. Determination of pH [Effective from 2003-07-01]. Kyiv, 16. (Nationalstandart of Ukraine) [in Ukrainian].
DSTU 7244:2011.(2012). Soil quality. Special raw material zones. General requirements. [Effective from 2012-01-01]. Kyiv. (Nationalstandart of Ukraine) [in Ukrainian]
DSTU 2730:2015 (2016). Quality of natural water for irrigation. Agronomic criteria. Kyiv: State Enterprise "Ukrainian Research and Training Center [in Ukrainian]
DSTU 7591:2014 (2015). Water quality for drip irrigation systems. Agronomic, ecological and technical criteria. Kyiv: State Enterprise "Ukrainian Research and Training Center, 16 [in Ukrainian]
DSTU 3866-99 (2000). Soils. Classification of soils according to the degree of secondary salinity. Kyiv: State En-terprise "Ukrainian Research and Training Center, 10 [in Ukrainian]
Shehzad, I., Sarwar, G., Manzoor, M., Zafar, A., Sher, M. and Murtaza, G. (2020). Effect of Saline Water Irrigation on Chemical Properties and Fertility Status of Soil Pakistan. Journal of Agricultural Research. 33, 3, 422-691. Available at: http://researcherslinks.com/current-issues/Effect-of-Saline-Water-Irrigation-on-Chemical-Properties-and-Fertility-Status-of-Soil/24/1/3141/html
Hajrasuliha, S. (1988). Accumulation and toxicity of chloride in bean plants. Plant Soil, 105, 55:133–138. Availa-ble at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02376785
Demir A.D., Sahin U. (2017). Effects of different irrigation practices using treated wastewater on tomato yields, quality, water productivity, and soil and fruit mineral content. National Center for Biotechnology Information, 24 (32), 24856−24879. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28916963/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0139-3
Wilson, L., New, S., Daron, J., Golding, N., (2021). Climate change impacts for in Ukraine. Devon, UK, 34. Availa-ble at: https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/assets/metofficegovuk/pdf/
