The effect of alkaline solution seepage on deformation appearances in the soil foundation of engineering structures
Abstract
Aim. This study aims to analyze the influence of static loading and descending seepage of concentrated alkaline solution on deformation appearances in the soil foundation and forming the construction tilt using the example of an overhead crane.
Methodology. The methodology of research included laboratory determination of the physico-mechanical and subsidence properties of soils focusing on alluvial-diluvial loam and groundwater chemical composition at the studied site, evaluation of leaching parameters of loam soil phase by an alkaline solution using the X-ray fluorescent spectrometer СЕР-01 ElvaX Plus, and variable-based calculations of soil subsidence based on the standard techniques applied in geotechnics taking into account partial dissolution of soil solid phase.
Findings. This study examined the case of an overhead crane with the foundation affected by the leakages of strong alkaline solutions from technological basins on the ground. Laboratory studies have established the components of Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, K2O soluble with strong alkaline solution and their share of 13,3% in the solid phase of the alluvial-diluvial loam sampled at the site. These compounds can transform into more soluble salts in a concentrated alkaline medium, which creates the conditions for the development of soil collapse and subsidence, with the chemically induced deformations being more significant in comparison to those in soils filled with a neutral pore solution.
Calculations of soil subsidence and collapse with and without taking into account the chemical impact on soils under the overhead crane foundation showed that the non-uniform critical deformations of 5...10 cm leading to an unacceptable tilt between the crane columns of 0.004 can be caused only by the long-term descending seepage of an alkaline solution and leaching the alluvial-diluvial loam. The calculated deformations and tilt correlate with the appeared deformations and the tilt between the crane columns that exceeded the maximum allowed value since 2016, which affected the operating conditions for this construction. Reducing the bearing capacity of soils due to the influence of alkaline solution occurred after engineering reclamation of soils performed prior to crane operation more than two decades ago.
Scientific novelty. The effect of strong alkaline solution that seeps through the upper soil layer loaded by constructions has been evaluated; the share of dissolved solid phase in the affected soil is estimated at 1-1,5%, which is in agreement with the dissolution parameters of soil influenced by strong alkaline solutions evaluated in this study and other researchers.
Practical value. The results obtained can be applied for long-term predicting the operational conditions and stability of buildings constructed on soils subjected to seepage of chemically aggressive solutions.
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