Розвиток геополітичної ситуації в Причорномор’ї після 1991 року
Ключові слова:
Причорномор’я, геополітична ситуація, посткомунізм, причорноморські держави, сепаратизм, військова агресія
Анотація
Статтю присвячено з’ясуванню причин, що зумовили розвиток геополітичної ситуації в причорноморському регіоні після закінчення холодної війни, краху світового комунізму та розпаду СРСР. Автор відмічає, що в цей період вона не тільки не покращилася, а навпаки стала більш конфронтаційною. Головною причиною посилення конфронтації є політика Росії, яка в своєму розвитку пройшла два основних етапи: консервативний та реваншистський. На першому етапі Росія, намагаючись зберегти свій контроль над пострадянським простором, дотримувалася тактики таємної підтримки сепаратистських рухів. Це призвело до виникнення придністровського, абхазького та південно-осетинського військово-політичних конфліктів, в яких безпосередньо брали участь російські військові формування. Результатом цих конфліктів стало створення на території Молдови та Грузії трьох самопроголошених державних утворень, які, хоча і не визнані Росією, повністю контролюються нею. На території України в цей період Росії вдалося лише підпорядкувати собі військово-морську базу в Севастополі, включаючи більшість кораблів Чорноморського флоту колишнього СРСР. На другому етапі Росія перейшла від політики збереження своєї присутності на територіях Молдови, Грузії (під приводом необхідності розміщення там «миротворчих сил») та України (завдяки створенню військово-морської бази в Севастополі) до прямої військової агресії. Новітніми явищами на другому етапі стали: офіційне визнання Росією самопроголошених державних утворень Абхазії та Північної Осетії як суверенних держав та безпосереднє включення частини території України (Криму) до складу РФ. Наголошується, що зміни зовнішньої політики були зумовлені трансформацією російського політично режиму від «делегативної демократії» до неототалітаризму.
Завантаження
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Посилання
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Shelest, H. 2012. Conflict Resolution Trends in the Black Sea Region. Euxeinos, No. 6, pp. 27−31.
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Bolgarskaya narodnaya armiya [Bulgarian People‘s Army]. Vooruzhennyye sily stran Varshavskogo dogovora. URL: https://id77.livejournal.com/1649386.html (Date of the application 15.11.2018). (In Russian).
Chekalenko, L. 2014. Zasady vzayemovidnosyn Ukrayiny i Rosiyi: Krym [Fundamentals of Ukraine-Russia Relations: Crimea.]. Viche, No. 6, s. 14−16. (In Ukrainian).
Chitadze, N. 2008. Security Trends in the Black Sea Region and Role of Georgia in the Energy Security of the Region. Monitor Strategic, No. 1−2, pp. 45−50.
Chopa, V. 2018. Svit prokynuvsya: holovnyy pidsumok rosiysʹko-hruzynsʹkoyi viyny [The World Woke up: the Main Outcome of the Russo-Georgian War]. URL: https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubricworld/2513222-svit-prokinuvsa-golovnij-pidsumok-gruzinorosijskoi-vijni.html (Date of the application 27.04.2019). (In Ukrainian).
Global Resrach 2011, 14 February. URL: https://www.globalresearch.ca/nato-s-eastern-anchor-24-nato-bases-in-turkey/23205 (Date of the application 02.11.2018).
Human Rights Watch Arms Project. 1995, No. 7, 60 p.
Karatnycky, А. 2005. Civic Power and Electoral Politics. Freedomin the World 2005. URL: https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world-2005/essay-civic-power-and-electoral-politics-0 (Date of the application 18.11.2018).
Kushniruk, B. 2008. Rosiysʹko-hruzynsʹkaviyna: prychynytanaslidky [The Russo-Georgian War: Causesand Consequences]. URL: https://www.unian.ua/politics/138458-rosiysko-gruzinska-viynaprichini-ta-naslidki.html (Date of the application 27.04.2019). (In Ukrainian).
Losyev, I. V. 2007. Rosiya pislya vidlyhy: spohady pro maybutnye [Russia After the Thaw: Memories of the Future]. Naukovi zapysky Natsionalʹnoho universytetu “Kyyevo-Mohylyansʹkaakademiyaˮ. Kyiv, Vol. 62 (ser. “Teoriya ta istoriya kulʹturyˮ), s. 46−50. (In Ukrainian).
Nationsin Transit 2004. N.Y., Washington, D.C.: Rowman & Little field Publisher, Inc., pp. 669.
Nations in Transit 2009. URL: https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/Ratings%20Tables_0.pdf (Date of the application 18.11.2018).
North Caucasus Red Banner Military District. URL: http://www.ww2.dk/new/army/gkv/skvo.htm (Date of the application 13.08.2018).
Odessa Red Banner Military District. URL: http://www.ww2.dk/new/army/gkv/odvo.htm (Date of the application 13.08.2018).
O‘ Donnell, G. 1994. Delegative Democracy. Journal of Democracy, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 55–69.
Postanovleniye 1993.09.07 VS RF №5359-I [Resolution of the RF Supreme Council from 09.07.1993 No. 5359-I]. URL: http://www.alppp.ru/law/konstitucionnyj-stroj/territorija/5/postanovlenie-vs-rf-ot-09-07-1993--5359-1.html (Date of the application 19.11.2018). (In Russian).
Prydnistrovsʹkyy konflikt [Transnistrian conflict]. URL: http://history-konspect.org/?content=3782 (Date of the application 16.11.2018). (In Ukrainian).
Romania Military 2013, 8 april. URL: https://www.rumaniamilitary.ro/armata-romana-ieri-si-astazi-22-de-ani-dupa (Date of the application 15.11.2018). (In Romanian).
Romanyuk, O. I. 2005. Postkomunistychni revolyutsiyi [The Postcommunist Revolutions.]. Politychnyy menedzhment. Kyiv, No. 4, s. 16−28. (In Ukrainian).
Romanyuk, O. I. 2014. Pro kharakter suchasnoho politychnoho rezhymu Rosiyi [On the Character of the Modern Political Regime of Russia]. Visnyk Natsionalʹnoho universytetu “Yurydychna akademiya Ukrayinyim. Yaroslava Mudrohoˮ (ser. filosofiya, filosofiyaprava, politolohiya, sotsiolohiya). Kharkiv, No. 4, s. 152−159. (In Ukrainian).
Romanyuk, O. I. 2015. Revolyutsiya hidnosti [The Revolution of Dignity]. Politolohichnyy entsyklopedychnyy slovnyk / Ed. by M. Trebin. Kharkiv: Pravo, s. 610−612. (In Ukrainian).
Rosiysʹko-hruzynsʹkaviyna (2008) [Russian-Georgian War]. URL: https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_(2008)#cite_note-43 (Date of the application 08.11.2018). (In Ukrainian).
Rumynskaya narodnaya armiya [Romanian People’s Army]. Vooruzhennyye sily stran Varshavsko godogovora. URL: https://diletant.media/blogs/62451/37989598 (Date of the application 15.11.2018). (In Russian).
Shelest, H. 2012. Conflict Resolution Trends in the Black Sea Region. Euxeinos, No. 6, pp. 27−31.
Snyhir, O. 2018. Komparatyvnyy analiz ekspansionist·sʹkoyipolitykyRosiyi u Prydnistrov’yi, na Donbasi i v Krymuta v Abkhaziyi i Pivdenniy Osetiyi: paralelitavidminnosti: analitychnazapyska [A Comparative Analysis of Russia’s Expansionist Policy in Transnistria, the Donbass and the Crimea, and Abkhazia and South Ossetia: Parallels and Differences: An Analytical Note]. URL: http://da.mfa.gov.ua/wpcontent/uploads/2018/04/PP-Frozen-Conflicts-ukr.pdf (Date of the application 27.04.2019). ( In Ukrainian).
Turkish Land Forces. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Land_Forces (Date of the application 03.11.2018).
Agreement 1992 July, 21 on Principles of Peace Settlement of the Armed Conflictin the Transnistrian Region of the Republic of Moldova. URL: http://www.operationspaix.net/DATA/DOCUMENT/1651~v~Accord_de_cessez_le_feu_entre_la_Transnistrie_et_la_Moldavie_du_21_juillet_1992_-_document_en_russe_anglais_roumain.pdf (Date of the application 16.11.2018).
The World Factbook: List of Countries by Length of Coastline / Central Intelligence Agency (US). URL: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html ( Date of the application 31.10.2018).
Transnistria War. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria_War (Date of the application 13.08.19).
Transcaucasus Red Banner Military District. URL: http://www.ww2.dk/new/army/gkv/zakvo.htm (Date of the application 13.08.2019).
TSN 2019, 27 hrudnya (December 27). URL: https://tsn.ua/ato/komanduvach-oos-nazvavkilkist-rosiyskih-viyskovosluzhbovciv-yaki-voyuyut-na-donbasi-1272315.html ( Date of the application27.04.2019). (In Ukrainian).
Uhoda 1992.03.08 mizh Ukrayinoyu i Rosiysʹkoyu Federatsiyeyu pro pryntsypy formuvannya VMS Ukrayiny ta VMF Rosiyi na bazi Chornomorsʹkoho flotu kolyshnʹoho SRSR [Agreement between Ukraine and the Russian Federation on the Principles of Formation of the Ukrainian Navy and the Russian Navy on the Basis of the Black Sea Fleet of the Former USSR]. URL: http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/643_020 (Date of the application 07.11.2018). (In Ukrainian).
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Опубліковано
2020-12-08
Як цитувати
Романюк, О. (2020). Розвиток геополітичної ситуації в Причорномор’ї після 1991 року. Дриновський збірник, 13, 157-169. https://doi.org/10.7546/DS.2020.13.17
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