Священник с. Исерлия Димитрий Чакир: жизнь, деятельность и особенности идентификации
Анотація
В данной статье на основе различных источников, в том числе архивного материала, освещается жизнь и деятельность гагаузского религиозного деятеля XIX – начала ХХ в. Д. Г. Чакира, всю жизнь прослужившего в болгарском селе. Он немало сделал не только для религиозно-нравственного и культурного развития болгар и гагаузов, но и в целом для развития образования в Бессарабии. По мнению автора, длительное невнимание к личности и работам Димитрия Чакира со стороны гагаузоведов в значительной степени связано со сложностью объяснения особенностей его этнической идентификации, заключающейся в том, что он причислял себя и всю фамилию Чакир к славянскому роду. В связи с этим автор предпринял попытку объяснения причин данного явления.
В результате проведенного исследования автор делает вывод о том, что для бессарабских гагаузов XIX в. понятие болгары было производным от названия прежней страны их проживания – Болгарии. Столь четкий акцент на болгарском происхождении у Д. Чакира, представленный в его очерке, в определенной степени является отражением официальной точки зрения по вопросу о происхожде- нии гагаузов, характерной для русской администрации. Кроме того, он всю свою жизнь прослужил в болгарских приходах; общался с прихожанами и произносил поучения на болгарском языке. Он воспринимал эту среду как родственную и испытывал мощное воздействие болгарской идентичности.
Автор обращает внимание и на следующий важный фактор. Именно на рубеже XIX–XX вв. стремительно протекали процессы трансформации в области самосознания гагаузов. А Димитрию Чакиру довелось жить и писать свои очерки тогда, когда процессы в области гагаузского самосознания еще не переросли из количества в качество. Однако он свой работой по родословной Чакиров
также способствовал усилению гагаузской идентичности, в том числе и у самого М. Чакира.
Завантаження
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Посилання
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Blagodarnost D. G. Chakiru…, 1912. Blagodarnost D. G. Chakiru ot Kishinevskogo dukhovnogo eparhialnogo popechitelstva, 1912. [Gratitude D. G. Chakir from Chisinau Spiritual Diocesan Guardianship]. KEV, № 43, s. 362. (In Russian)
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Grigorov, G. 2008. Proizkhod i rodina na gagauzite v tvorchestvoto na otets Dmitriy Chakir [Origin and homeland of the Gagaus in the work of Father Dmitry Chakir]. Bolgarskiyat ezik v Moldova. Materiali ot osmata mezhdunarodna nauchna konferentsiya na tema «Funktsioniraneto na bolgarskiya i drugite ezitsi i literaturi v konteksta na ezikovata situatsiya v Republika Moldova», 16 maya 2008 g. Komrat, № 8, s. 89–93. (In Bulgarian)
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Draganov, P. D. 1911. Uchenaya, literaturnaya i hudozhestvennaya Bessarabiya: Alfavitnyy bibliograficheskiy ukazatel [Academic, literary and artistic Bessarabia: Alphabetical bibliographic index]. Sostavil P. D. Draganov. Kishinev, Tipo-litografiya F. P. Kashevskogo. 242 s. (In Russian)
Iz otcheta…, 1912. Iz otcheta Bessarabskogo tserkovnogo istoriko-arkheologicheskogo obshchestva [From the report of the Bessarabian Church Historical and Archeological Society]. KEV, № 28–29, s. 27. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 1995. Gagauzskiy religioznyy deyatel D. Chakir: zhizn i deyatelnost [Gagauz religious figure D. Chakir: life and work]. Ştiinţa, Chişinău, № 12, s. 6. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2002. Gagauzskiy narodnyy calendar [Gagauz people’s calendar]. Chişinău: Pontos. 184 s. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2005. Gagauzy Moldovy i Bolgarii (Sravnitelnoe issledovanie kalendarnoy obryadnosti, terminov rodstva i folklora) [Gagauz of Moldova and Bulgaria (Comparative study of calendar rites, kinship and folklore terms)]. Kishinev: Pontos. 308 s. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2007. Traditsionnaya duhovnaya kultura gagauzov: etnoregionalnye osobennosti [Traditional spiritual culture of the Gagauz: ethnoregional features]. Kishinev: Buziness-Elita. 840 s. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2010. Zagovory, magiya i oberegi v narodnoy meditsine gagauzov [Conspiracies, magic and charms in traditional medicine Gagauz]. Kishinev: Elan Inc. 390 s. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2011a. Gagauzskiy pesennyy folklor – «Grammatika zhizni» [Gagauz song folklore – “The grammar of life”]. Kishinev: Elan Inc. 568 s. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2011b. Ot bolgarskoy obshchnosti i printsipa dvoynoy samoidentifikatsii k etnonimu «gagauz» [From the Bulgarian community and the principle of dual self-identification to the ethnonym “Gagauz”]. Bolgary i gagauzy v mnogonatsionalnoy Moldove. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii, 25 fevralya, 2010 g. Varna, s. 49–57. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2012. Apokrify v zerkale narodnoy kultury gagauzov [Apocrypha in the mirror of the Gagauz folk culture]. Kishinev-Blagoevgrad: Tip. Centrală. 600 s.
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2013. Pravoslavie – sterzhen gagauzskoy etnichnosti [Orthodoxy is the core of Gagauz ethnicity]. Komrat–Sofiya, Tip. Centrală. 872 s.
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2014. Kult volka u gagauzov skvoz prizmu etnokulturnyh simvolov [The cult of the wolf of the Gagauz through the prism of ethnic and cultural symbols]. Kishinev: Tip. Centrală. 472 s. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2015. Kurban u gagauzov (Arkhaicheskaya sovremennost) [Kurban at the Gagauz (Archaic modernity)]. Kishinev: Tip. Centrală. 478 s. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2016 a. Gagauzy v etnokulturnom prostranstve Moldovy (Narodnaya kultura i etnicheskoe samosoznanie gagauzov skvoz prizmu svyazi vremen) [Gagauz in the ethnocultural space of Moldova (Folk culture and ethnic identity of the Gagauz through the prism of the connection of times)]. Kishinev: Tipogr. Centrală. 732 s. (In Russian).
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Materialy respublikanskoy nauchnoy konferentsii, 22 maya 2016. Kishinev: Institut iudaiki, s. 120–127. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2017. Hadzhylyk u gagauzov kak religioznyy i etnokulturnyy fenomen: ot proshlogo k nastoyashchemu [Hajilyk from the Gagauz as a religious and ethnocultural phenomenon: from past to present]. Kishinev: Tipogr. Centrală. 424 s.
Kiranov, S. Borba prihodskogo svyashchennika s predrassudkami i sueveriyami prihozhan-bolgar [The struggle of the parish priest against the prejudices and superstitions of the Bulgarian parishioners]. KEV, 1875, № 21, s. 770–778; № 22, s. 818–823. (In Russian)
Kopushchu, V. I. 2016. Protoierey Dimitriy Chakir: pastyr i prosvetitel. K 100-letiyu so dnya smerti [Archpriest Dimitri Chakir: shepherd and enlightener. To the 100th anniversary of the death]. Kishinev. 140 s. (In Russian)
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Chakir, Father Superior of the Holy Trinity Church, s. Iserlii of the Akkerman district of the Bessarabian province]. KEV, № 36, s. 1403–1410; № 41, s. 1566–1588; № 43, s. 1638–1650; № 50, s. 1892–1906. (In Russian)
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Prazdnovanie pamyati sv. muchenika Trifona v s. Iserliya Akkermanskogo uezda. Korrespondentsiya [Celebration of St. Trifon martyr in the village of Iserliya, Akkermansky district]. KEV, 1896, № 3, s. 98. (In Russian)
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Chestvovanie prihozhanami…, 1895. Chestvovanie prikhozhanami svyashchennika s. Iserliya, 4-go okruga Akkermanskogo uezda Dimitriya Georgievicha Chakira po povodu dvadtsatipyatiletnego sluzheniya ego v prikhode [Parishioners honoring the priest of the village of Iserliya, 4th district of the Akkerman district, Dimitri Georgievich Chakir, on his twenty-five year service in the parish]. KEV, № 23, s. 890–898. (In Russian)
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NARM d. Natsionalnyy arhiv Respubliki Moldova [National Archive of the Republic of Moldova]. Delo o perevode svyashchennika Georgievskoy tserkvi s. Burgudzhi Akkermanskogo uezda Dukova V. v Georgievskuyu tserkov s. Kod-Kitay togo zhe uezda (5 fevralya 1914 g. – 16 aprelya 1914 g.), f. 208, op. 3, d. 4963.
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Arventev, S. A. 1916. Protoirey D. G. Chakir. Nekrolog. [Archpriest D. G. Chakir. Obituary]. Kishinevskie eparhialnye vedomosti (KEV), № 50, s. 836–839. (In Russian)
Blagodarnost D. G. Chakiru…, 1912. Blagodarnost D. G. Chakiru ot Kishinevskogo dukhovnogo eparhialnogo popechitelstva, 1912. [Gratitude D. G. Chakir from Chisinau Spiritual Diocesan Guardianship]. KEV, № 43, s. 362. (In Russian)
Bulgar, S. 2003. Gagauzskie sudby. Deyateli kultury i nauki: 200 let istorii [Gagauz destinies. Figures of culture and science: 200 years of history]. Kishinev: b. i., Tsentr. tipogr. 192 s. (In Russian)
Golubinskiy, E. I. 1904. Istoriya russkoy tserkvi [History of the Russian Church]. 2-e izd., ispr. i dop. Moskva: Imp. o-vo istorii i drevnostey rossiyskih pri Mosk. Universitete. 926 s. (In Russian)
Grek, I. F., Rusev, N. D. 2011. 1812 – povorotnyy god v istorii Budzhaka i «zadunayskih pereselentsev» [1812 – a pivotal year in the history of Budjak and the “Danube immigrants”]. Kishinev: Stratum Plus. 142 s. (In Russian)
Grigorov, G. 2008. Proizkhod i rodina na gagauzite v tvorchestvoto na otets Dmitriy Chakir [Origin and homeland of the Gagaus in the work of Father Dmitry Chakir]. Bolgarskiyat ezik v Moldova. Materiali ot osmata mezhdunarodna nauchna konferentsiya na tema «Funktsioniraneto na bolgarskiya i drugite ezitsi i literaturi v konteksta na ezikovata situatsiya v Republika Moldova», 16 maya 2008 g. Komrat, № 8, s. 89–93. (In Bulgarian)
Derzhavin, N. S. 1914. Bolgarskie kolonii v Rossii. Tavricheskaya, Hersonskaya i Bessarabskaya gubernii [Bulgarian colonies in Russia. Tauride, Kherson and Bessarabian provinces]. Sofia: Derzhavna pechatnitsa. 233 s. (In Russian)
Draganov, P. D. 1911. Uchenaya, literaturnaya i hudozhestvennaya Bessarabiya: Alfavitnyy bibliograficheskiy ukazatel [Academic, literary and artistic Bessarabia: Alphabetical bibliographic index]. Sostavil P. D. Draganov. Kishinev, Tipo-litografiya F. P. Kashevskogo. 242 s. (In Russian)
Iz otcheta…, 1912. Iz otcheta Bessarabskogo tserkovnogo istoriko-arkheologicheskogo obshchestva [From the report of the Bessarabian Church Historical and Archeological Society]. KEV, № 28–29, s. 27. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 1995. Gagauzskiy religioznyy deyatel D. Chakir: zhizn i deyatelnost [Gagauz religious figure D. Chakir: life and work]. Ştiinţa, Chişinău, № 12, s. 6. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2002. Gagauzskiy narodnyy calendar [Gagauz people’s calendar]. Chişinău: Pontos. 184 s. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2005. Gagauzy Moldovy i Bolgarii (Sravnitelnoe issledovanie kalendarnoy obryadnosti, terminov rodstva i folklora) [Gagauz of Moldova and Bulgaria (Comparative study of calendar rites, kinship and folklore terms)]. Kishinev: Pontos. 308 s. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2007. Traditsionnaya duhovnaya kultura gagauzov: etnoregionalnye osobennosti [Traditional spiritual culture of the Gagauz: ethnoregional features]. Kishinev: Buziness-Elita. 840 s. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2010. Zagovory, magiya i oberegi v narodnoy meditsine gagauzov [Conspiracies, magic and charms in traditional medicine Gagauz]. Kishinev: Elan Inc. 390 s. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2011a. Gagauzskiy pesennyy folklor – «Grammatika zhizni» [Gagauz song folklore – “The grammar of life”]. Kishinev: Elan Inc. 568 s. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2011b. Ot bolgarskoy obshchnosti i printsipa dvoynoy samoidentifikatsii k etnonimu «gagauz» [From the Bulgarian community and the principle of dual self-identification to the ethnonym “Gagauz”]. Bolgary i gagauzy v mnogonatsionalnoy Moldove. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii, 25 fevralya, 2010 g. Varna, s. 49–57. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2012. Apokrify v zerkale narodnoy kultury gagauzov [Apocrypha in the mirror of the Gagauz folk culture]. Kishinev-Blagoevgrad: Tip. Centrală. 600 s.
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2013. Pravoslavie – sterzhen gagauzskoy etnichnosti [Orthodoxy is the core of Gagauz ethnicity]. Komrat–Sofiya, Tip. Centrală. 872 s.
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2014. Kult volka u gagauzov skvoz prizmu etnokulturnyh simvolov [The cult of the wolf of the Gagauz through the prism of ethnic and cultural symbols]. Kishinev: Tip. Centrală. 472 s. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2015. Kurban u gagauzov (Arkhaicheskaya sovremennost) [Kurban at the Gagauz (Archaic modernity)]. Kishinev: Tip. Centrală. 478 s. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2016 a. Gagauzy v etnokulturnom prostranstve Moldovy (Narodnaya kultura i etnicheskoe samosoznanie gagauzov skvoz prizmu svyazi vremen) [Gagauz in the ethnocultural space of Moldova (Folk culture and ethnic identity of the Gagauz through the prism of the connection of times)]. Kishinev: Tipogr. Centrală. 732 s. (In Russian).
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2016 b. Vklad predstavitelya gagauzskoy svyashchennicheskoy dinastii Mikhaila Chakira v razvitie narodnogo prosveshcheniya i kultury narodov Bessarabii [The contribution of the representative of the Gagauzian priestly dynasty Michael Chakir to the development of public education and culture of the peoples of Bessarabia]. Rol natsionalnykh menshinstv v razvitii moldavskoy gosudarstvennosti.
Materialy respublikanskoy nauchnoy konferentsii, 22 maya 2016. Kishinev: Institut iudaiki, s. 120–127. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2017. Hadzhylyk u gagauzov kak religioznyy i etnokulturnyy fenomen: ot proshlogo k nastoyashchemu [Hajilyk from the Gagauz as a religious and ethnocultural phenomenon: from past to present]. Kishinev: Tipogr. Centrală. 424 s.
Kiranov, S. Borba prihodskogo svyashchennika s predrassudkami i sueveriyami prihozhan-bolgar [The struggle of the parish priest against the prejudices and superstitions of the Bulgarian parishioners]. KEV, 1875, № 21, s. 770–778; № 22, s. 818–823. (In Russian)
Kopushchu, V. I. 2016. Protoierey Dimitriy Chakir: pastyr i prosvetitel. K 100-letiyu so dnya smerti [Archpriest Dimitri Chakir: shepherd and enlightener. To the 100th anniversary of the death]. Kishinev. 140 s. (In Russian)
Kurdinovskiy, V. 1913. K dostoprimechatelnomu dnyu v zhizni selskogo pastyrya, protoiereya Dimitriya Georgievicha Chakira, nastoyatelya Troitskoy tserkvi s. Iserlii Akkermanskogo uezda Bessarabskoy gubernii [To a remarkable day in the life of a rural shepherd, Archpriest Dimitry Georgievich
Chakir, Father Superior of the Holy Trinity Church, s. Iserlii of the Akkerman district of the Bessarabian province]. KEV, № 36, s. 1403–1410; № 41, s. 1566–1588; № 43, s. 1638–1650; № 50, s. 1892–1906. (In Russian)
Malay, K. 1875. Prihod Chok-Meydan Benderskogo uezda [Chok-Meydan Parish of Bendery County]. KEV, № 20, s. 734–746; № 22, s. 830–843; № 24, s. 908.
Manov, A. 1938. Potekloto na gagauzite: tekhnite obichai i nravi. V dve chasti [The ganges’ roots: their customs and customs]. Varna. 183 s. (In Bulgarian)
Ob otkrytii…, 1898. Ob otkrytii tserkovno-prihodskoy shkoly v s. Iserliya Akkermanskogo uezda [On the opening of the parochial school in the village of Iserlia of the Akkerman district]. KEV, № 5, s. 146–147. (In Russian)
Polozhenie o stipendii…, 1904. Polozhenie o stipendii, uchrezhdaemoy pri Kishinevskoy dukhovnoy seminarii na pozhertvovanie svyashchennika s. Iserliya Akkermanskogo uezda Dimitriya Chakira [Regulations on scholarships established at the Kishinev Theological Seminary on the donation of the priest of the village Iserlia of the Akkerman district Dimitri Chakir]. KEV, № 17, s. 320–322. (In Russian)
Prazdnovanie pamyati sv. muchenika Trifona v s. Iserliya Akkermanskogo uezda. Korrespondentsiya [Celebration of St. Trifon martyr in the village of Iserliya, Akkermansky district]. KEV, 1896, № 3, s. 98. (In Russian)
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Stoykov, N. 1910. Religiozno-nravstvennoe sostoyanie bolgarskikh koloniy v Bessarabii so vremeni ikh osnovaniya do nastoyashchego vremeni [The religious and moral state of the Bulgarian colonies in Bessarabia from the time of their foundation to the present]. KEV, № 38, s. 1358–1359. (In Russian)
Stoykov, N. 1911. Religiozno-nravstvennoe sostoyanie bolgarskikh koloniy v Bessarabii so vremeni ih osnovaniya do nastoyashchego vremeni [The religious and moral state of the Bulgarian colonies in Bessarabia from the time of their foundation to the present]. KEV, № 1–2, s. 5–14; № 4, s. 142–152. (In Russian)
Trakiyski, D. 1994. Protoyerey Dimitr Georgievich Chakir [Protoyerey Dimitar Georgievich Chakir]. Rodolyubets: almanakh. Sofiya, s. 166–175. (In Bulgarian).
Chakir, D. G. 1891. Istoriko-statisticheskoe opisanie tserkvi i prihoda s. Iserlii, Akkermanskogo uezda [Historical and statistical description of the church and the parish of the village of Iserlii, Akkerman district]. KEV, № 17, s. 524–535; № 19, s. 610–618; № 20, s. 628–639; № 21, s. 686–690; № 22, s. 736–742; № 23, s. 776–784. (In Russian)
Chakir, D. G. 1893. Skazanie ob ikone Bozhey Materi imenuemoy Troeruchitseyu [The legend of the icon of the Mother of God called the Three Hands]. Kishinev. 17 s. (In Russian)
Chakir, D. G. 1899. Biograficheskiy ocherk roda i familii Chakir [Biographical sketch of the clan Chakir]. Kishinev. 27 s. (In Russian)
Chestvovanie prihozhanami…, 1895. Chestvovanie prikhozhanami svyashchennika s. Iserliya, 4-go okruga Akkermanskogo uezda Dimitriya Georgievicha Chakira po povodu dvadtsatipyatiletnego sluzheniya ego v prikhode [Parishioners honoring the priest of the village of Iserliya, 4th district of the Akkerman district, Dimitri Georgievich Chakir, on his twenty-five year service in the parish]. KEV, № 23, s. 890–898. (In Russian)
Опубліковано
2020-03-03
Як цитувати
Квилинкова, Е. (2020). Священник с. Исерлия Димитрий Чакир: жизнь, деятельность и особенности идентификации. Дриновський збірник, 12, 72-86. https://doi.org/10.7546/DS.2019.12.08
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