Dimitriy Chakir, Iserliya village priest: life, work and identification specifics
Keywords:
Cakir, religious figure, Bessarabia, Bulgarians and Gagauzians, education, ethnic identity
Abstract
In this article, on the basis of various sources, including archival material, highlights the life and work of Gagauz religious figure of the 19th – early 20th centuries, D. Chakir, all his life served in a Bulgarian village. He did a lot not only for the religious, moral and cultural development of the Bulgarians and Gagauz, but in General for the development of education in Bessarabia. According to the author, for a long period of inattention to the person and work of Dimitri Chakir on the part of Gagauzov largely due to the complexity of explaining the peculiarities of his ethnic identity, namely, that he absented himself and the whole name Chakir to the Slavic race. In this regard, the author has attempted to explain the causes of this phenomenon.
As a result of the study, the author concludes that for the nineteenth-century Bessarabian Gagauz the definition Bulgarians was derived from the name of the former country of their residence – Bulgaria. Such a clear focus on the Bulgarian origin, presented in the article of D. Chakir, to a certain extent is a reflection of the official point of view on the origin of the Gagauz, specific to the Russian administration. In addition, he served his entire life in Bulgarian parishes; communicated with parishioners and delivered sermons in Bulgarian language. He perceived this environment as akin and experienced the powerful impact of Bulgarian identity.
The author draws attention to the next important factor. Exactly at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries the processes of transformation in the area of self-awareness of the Gagauz people were rapidly proceeding. And Dimitri Chakir had a chance to live and write his essays when the processes in the field of Gagauz identity were not yet transformed from quantity to quality. However, with his work on the ancestry Chakirov also contributed to the strengthening of the Gagauz identity, including M. Chakir himself.
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References
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Kvilinkova, E. N. 2005. Gagauzy Moldovy i Bolgarii (Sravnitelnoe issledovanie kalendarnoy obryadnosti, terminov rodstva i folklora) [Gagauz of Moldova and Bulgaria (Comparative study of calendar rites, kinship and folklore terms)]. Kishinev: Pontos. 308 s. (In Russian)
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Kvilinkova, E. N. 2012. Apokrify v zerkale narodnoy kultury gagauzov [Apocrypha in the mirror of the Gagauz folk culture]. Kishinev-Blagoevgrad: Tip. Centrală. 600 s.
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2013. Pravoslavie – sterzhen gagauzskoy etnichnosti [Orthodoxy is the core of Gagauz ethnicity]. Komrat–Sofiya, Tip. Centrală. 872 s.
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2014. Kult volka u gagauzov skvoz prizmu etnokulturnyh simvolov [The cult of the wolf of the Gagauz through the prism of ethnic and cultural symbols]. Kishinev: Tip. Centrală. 472 s. (In Russian)
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Ob otkrytii…, 1898. Ob otkrytii tserkovno-prihodskoy shkoly v s. Iserliya Akkermanskogo uezda [On the opening of the parochial school in the village of Iserlia of the Akkerman district]. KEV, № 5, s. 146–147. (In Russian)
Polozhenie o stipendii…, 1904. Polozhenie o stipendii, uchrezhdaemoy pri Kishinevskoy dukhovnoy seminarii na pozhertvovanie svyashchennika s. Iserliya Akkermanskogo uezda Dimitriya Chakira [Regulations on scholarships established at the Kishinev Theological Seminary on the donation of the priest of the village Iserlia of the Akkerman district Dimitri Chakir]. KEV, № 17, s. 320–322. (In Russian)
Prazdnovanie pamyati sv. muchenika Trifona v s. Iserliya Akkermanskogo uezda. Korrespondentsiya [Celebration of St. Trifon martyr in the village of Iserliya, Akkermansky district]. KEV, 1896, № 3, s. 98. (In Russian)
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Arventev, S. A. 1916. Protoirey D. G. Chakir. Nekrolog. [Archpriest D. G. Chakir. Obituary]. Kishinevskie eparhialnye vedomosti (KEV), № 50, s. 836–839. (In Russian)
Blagodarnost D. G. Chakiru…, 1912. Blagodarnost D. G. Chakiru ot Kishinevskogo dukhovnogo eparhialnogo popechitelstva, 1912. [Gratitude D. G. Chakir from Chisinau Spiritual Diocesan Guardianship]. KEV, № 43, s. 362. (In Russian)
Bulgar, S. 2003. Gagauzskie sudby. Deyateli kultury i nauki: 200 let istorii [Gagauz destinies. Figures of culture and science: 200 years of history]. Kishinev: b. i., Tsentr. tipogr. 192 s. (In Russian)
Golubinskiy, E. I. 1904. Istoriya russkoy tserkvi [History of the Russian Church]. 2-e izd., ispr. i dop. Moskva: Imp. o-vo istorii i drevnostey rossiyskih pri Mosk. Universitete. 926 s. (In Russian)
Grek, I. F., Rusev, N. D. 2011. 1812 – povorotnyy god v istorii Budzhaka i «zadunayskih pereselentsev» [1812 – a pivotal year in the history of Budjak and the “Danube immigrants”]. Kishinev: Stratum Plus. 142 s. (In Russian)
Grigorov, G. 2008. Proizkhod i rodina na gagauzite v tvorchestvoto na otets Dmitriy Chakir [Origin and homeland of the Gagaus in the work of Father Dmitry Chakir]. Bolgarskiyat ezik v Moldova. Materiali ot osmata mezhdunarodna nauchna konferentsiya na tema «Funktsioniraneto na bolgarskiya i drugite ezitsi i literaturi v konteksta na ezikovata situatsiya v Republika Moldova», 16 maya 2008 g. Komrat, № 8, s. 89–93. (In Bulgarian)
Derzhavin, N. S. 1914. Bolgarskie kolonii v Rossii. Tavricheskaya, Hersonskaya i Bessarabskaya gubernii [Bulgarian colonies in Russia. Tauride, Kherson and Bessarabian provinces]. Sofia: Derzhavna pechatnitsa. 233 s. (In Russian)
Draganov, P. D. 1911. Uchenaya, literaturnaya i hudozhestvennaya Bessarabiya: Alfavitnyy bibliograficheskiy ukazatel [Academic, literary and artistic Bessarabia: Alphabetical bibliographic index]. Sostavil P. D. Draganov. Kishinev, Tipo-litografiya F. P. Kashevskogo. 242 s. (In Russian)
Iz otcheta…, 1912. Iz otcheta Bessarabskogo tserkovnogo istoriko-arkheologicheskogo obshchestva [From the report of the Bessarabian Church Historical and Archeological Society]. KEV, № 28–29, s. 27. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 1995. Gagauzskiy religioznyy deyatel D. Chakir: zhizn i deyatelnost [Gagauz religious figure D. Chakir: life and work]. Ştiinţa, Chişinău, № 12, s. 6. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2002. Gagauzskiy narodnyy calendar [Gagauz people’s calendar]. Chişinău: Pontos. 184 s. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2005. Gagauzy Moldovy i Bolgarii (Sravnitelnoe issledovanie kalendarnoy obryadnosti, terminov rodstva i folklora) [Gagauz of Moldova and Bulgaria (Comparative study of calendar rites, kinship and folklore terms)]. Kishinev: Pontos. 308 s. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2007. Traditsionnaya duhovnaya kultura gagauzov: etnoregionalnye osobennosti [Traditional spiritual culture of the Gagauz: ethnoregional features]. Kishinev: Buziness-Elita. 840 s. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2010. Zagovory, magiya i oberegi v narodnoy meditsine gagauzov [Conspiracies, magic and charms in traditional medicine Gagauz]. Kishinev: Elan Inc. 390 s. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2011a. Gagauzskiy pesennyy folklor – «Grammatika zhizni» [Gagauz song folklore – “The grammar of life”]. Kishinev: Elan Inc. 568 s. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2011b. Ot bolgarskoy obshchnosti i printsipa dvoynoy samoidentifikatsii k etnonimu «gagauz» [From the Bulgarian community and the principle of dual self-identification to the ethnonym “Gagauz”]. Bolgary i gagauzy v mnogonatsionalnoy Moldove. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii, 25 fevralya, 2010 g. Varna, s. 49–57. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2012. Apokrify v zerkale narodnoy kultury gagauzov [Apocrypha in the mirror of the Gagauz folk culture]. Kishinev-Blagoevgrad: Tip. Centrală. 600 s.
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2013. Pravoslavie – sterzhen gagauzskoy etnichnosti [Orthodoxy is the core of Gagauz ethnicity]. Komrat–Sofiya, Tip. Centrală. 872 s.
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2014. Kult volka u gagauzov skvoz prizmu etnokulturnyh simvolov [The cult of the wolf of the Gagauz through the prism of ethnic and cultural symbols]. Kishinev: Tip. Centrală. 472 s. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2015. Kurban u gagauzov (Arkhaicheskaya sovremennost) [Kurban at the Gagauz (Archaic modernity)]. Kishinev: Tip. Centrală. 478 s. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2016 a. Gagauzy v etnokulturnom prostranstve Moldovy (Narodnaya kultura i etnicheskoe samosoznanie gagauzov skvoz prizmu svyazi vremen) [Gagauz in the ethnocultural space of Moldova (Folk culture and ethnic identity of the Gagauz through the prism of the connection of times)]. Kishinev: Tipogr. Centrală. 732 s. (In Russian).
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2016 b. Vklad predstavitelya gagauzskoy svyashchennicheskoy dinastii Mikhaila Chakira v razvitie narodnogo prosveshcheniya i kultury narodov Bessarabii [The contribution of the representative of the Gagauzian priestly dynasty Michael Chakir to the development of public education and culture of the peoples of Bessarabia]. Rol natsionalnykh menshinstv v razvitii moldavskoy gosudarstvennosti.
Materialy respublikanskoy nauchnoy konferentsii, 22 maya 2016. Kishinev: Institut iudaiki, s. 120–127. (In Russian)
Kvilinkova, E. N. 2017. Hadzhylyk u gagauzov kak religioznyy i etnokulturnyy fenomen: ot proshlogo k nastoyashchemu [Hajilyk from the Gagauz as a religious and ethnocultural phenomenon: from past to present]. Kishinev: Tipogr. Centrală. 424 s.
Kiranov, S. Borba prihodskogo svyashchennika s predrassudkami i sueveriyami prihozhan-bolgar [The struggle of the parish priest against the prejudices and superstitions of the Bulgarian parishioners]. KEV, 1875, № 21, s. 770–778; № 22, s. 818–823. (In Russian)
Kopushchu, V. I. 2016. Protoierey Dimitriy Chakir: pastyr i prosvetitel. K 100-letiyu so dnya smerti [Archpriest Dimitri Chakir: shepherd and enlightener. To the 100th anniversary of the death]. Kishinev. 140 s. (In Russian)
Kurdinovskiy, V. 1913. K dostoprimechatelnomu dnyu v zhizni selskogo pastyrya, protoiereya Dimitriya Georgievicha Chakira, nastoyatelya Troitskoy tserkvi s. Iserlii Akkermanskogo uezda Bessarabskoy gubernii [To a remarkable day in the life of a rural shepherd, Archpriest Dimitry Georgievich
Chakir, Father Superior of the Holy Trinity Church, s. Iserlii of the Akkerman district of the Bessarabian province]. KEV, № 36, s. 1403–1410; № 41, s. 1566–1588; № 43, s. 1638–1650; № 50, s. 1892–1906. (In Russian)
Malay, K. 1875. Prihod Chok-Meydan Benderskogo uezda [Chok-Meydan Parish of Bendery County]. KEV, № 20, s. 734–746; № 22, s. 830–843; № 24, s. 908.
Manov, A. 1938. Potekloto na gagauzite: tekhnite obichai i nravi. V dve chasti [The ganges’ roots: their customs and customs]. Varna. 183 s. (In Bulgarian)
Ob otkrytii…, 1898. Ob otkrytii tserkovno-prihodskoy shkoly v s. Iserliya Akkermanskogo uezda [On the opening of the parochial school in the village of Iserlia of the Akkerman district]. KEV, № 5, s. 146–147. (In Russian)
Polozhenie o stipendii…, 1904. Polozhenie o stipendii, uchrezhdaemoy pri Kishinevskoy dukhovnoy seminarii na pozhertvovanie svyashchennika s. Iserliya Akkermanskogo uezda Dimitriya Chakira [Regulations on scholarships established at the Kishinev Theological Seminary on the donation of the priest of the village Iserlia of the Akkerman district Dimitri Chakir]. KEV, № 17, s. 320–322. (In Russian)
Prazdnovanie pamyati sv. muchenika Trifona v s. Iserliya Akkermanskogo uezda. Korrespondentsiya [Celebration of St. Trifon martyr in the village of Iserliya, Akkermansky district]. KEV, 1896, № 3, s. 98. (In Russian)
Stadnitskiy, K. 1913. V teni seminarskikh torzhestv [In the shadow of seminar celebrations]. KEV, № 9, s. 477–478. (In Russian)
Stoykov, N. 1910. Religiozno-nravstvennoe sostoyanie bolgarskikh koloniy v Bessarabii so vremeni ikh osnovaniya do nastoyashchego vremeni [The religious and moral state of the Bulgarian colonies in Bessarabia from the time of their foundation to the present]. KEV, № 38, s. 1358–1359. (In Russian)
Stoykov, N. 1911. Religiozno-nravstvennoe sostoyanie bolgarskikh koloniy v Bessarabii so vremeni ih osnovaniya do nastoyashchego vremeni [The religious and moral state of the Bulgarian colonies in Bessarabia from the time of their foundation to the present]. KEV, № 1–2, s. 5–14; № 4, s. 142–152. (In Russian)
Trakiyski, D. 1994. Protoyerey Dimitr Georgievich Chakir [Protoyerey Dimitar Georgievich Chakir]. Rodolyubets: almanakh. Sofiya, s. 166–175. (In Bulgarian).
Chakir, D. G. 1891. Istoriko-statisticheskoe opisanie tserkvi i prihoda s. Iserlii, Akkermanskogo uezda [Historical and statistical description of the church and the parish of the village of Iserlii, Akkerman district]. KEV, № 17, s. 524–535; № 19, s. 610–618; № 20, s. 628–639; № 21, s. 686–690; № 22, s. 736–742; № 23, s. 776–784. (In Russian)
Chakir, D. G. 1893. Skazanie ob ikone Bozhey Materi imenuemoy Troeruchitseyu [The legend of the icon of the Mother of God called the Three Hands]. Kishinev. 17 s. (In Russian)
Chakir, D. G. 1899. Biograficheskiy ocherk roda i familii Chakir [Biographical sketch of the clan Chakir]. Kishinev. 27 s. (In Russian)
Chestvovanie prihozhanami…, 1895. Chestvovanie prikhozhanami svyashchennika s. Iserliya, 4-go okruga Akkermanskogo uezda Dimitriya Georgievicha Chakira po povodu dvadtsatipyatiletnego sluzheniya ego v prikhode [Parishioners honoring the priest of the village of Iserliya, 4th district of the Akkerman district, Dimitri Georgievich Chakir, on his twenty-five year service in the parish]. KEV, № 23, s. 890–898. (In Russian)
Published
2020-03-03
How to Cite
Квилинкова, Е. (2020). Dimitriy Chakir, Iserliya village priest: life, work and identification specifics. Drinovsky Sbornik, 12, 72-86. https://doi.org/10.7546/DS.2019.12.08
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