The european experience in preserving linguistic diversity: implementation mechanisms and models of language policy
Abstract
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the European experience in preserving linguistic diversity amid globalization, digitalization, and increasing migration. It analyzes the key mechanisms for implementing language policy in EU member states, covering legal, institutional, financial, and technological aspects. Key international legal documents that establish the framework for language policy regulation are analyzed. Special attention is given to the role of institutional mechanisms in coordinating efforts to preserve linguistic diversity. The financial mechanism is examined through tools like national content quotas, grant programs, and economic incentives for language startups. The technological mechanism is examined through the example of digital platforms such as Europeana, which accumulates cultural and linguistic heritage in a digital format. The article analyzes typical national models of language policy: the unitary model (France), the regional model (Spain), and the multilingual model (Finland). Each of these models has distinct strengths and weaknesses. France’s unitary model promotes linguistic unity and centralized governance, yet it restricts the growth of regional languages. Spain’s regional model allows regional communities to use their native languages, though it can sometimes create tension between central and regional authorities. Finland’s multilingual model promotes the equal coexistence of state languages while protecting indigenous languages through a well-developed administrative and educational infrastructure.
The study explores the interconnected factors influencing the effectiveness of linguistic diversity preservation in Europe, including globalization, digitalization, migration patterns, educational approaches, and intergenerational language transmission mechanisms. These factors create a complex system of interdependencies, and neglecting any single component diminishes the overall effectiveness of language policy. The article contends that an effective language policy requires a multi-level framework, which includes legal support, institutional structures, financial investment, educational strategies, and digital innovations.
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