Demographic processes of the Carpathian region in the context of economic development of the territory

Keywords: demographic processes, migration, labor resources, age structure of the population, employment, wage index, Carpathian region

Abstract

Formulation of the problem. One aspect of the territory’s socio-economic development is its demographic development. It translates into a change in the quantity and quality of the population of the territory in a certain social context as a systemically important factor in social life. As of January 1, 2020, Ukraine had a population of 41 million. 732,800 people (not including the occupied territories), which is the historical minimum in the years of independence. This prompts a detailed study of the problem.

The article contains a spatial and structural analysis of the demographic processes of the Carpathian region as one of the indicators of the socio-economic development of the territory.

Methods. The analysis of literary and cartographic sources has been carried out. Mathematical methods have been used to calculate quantitative characteristics of demographic processes. Using ArcGIS software product was created a series of maps of the Real Wage Index in Ukraine of various time scales.

The purpose of the article is to highlight and analyze the demographic processes currently taking place in the Carpathian region in the context of the economic development of the territories, with a view to developing and implementing proactive measures, to be given priority in solving the problems of the economically active population in the territories under study.

Results. The problem of migration of the population is urgent for Ukraine. For a long time, our State has been the country of origin for the majority of migrant workers in Europe. The Carpathian region has specific features of migration compared to other regions of Ukraine. Between 2010 and 2018, the number of people living in the Carpathian regions as a result of migration increased by 17.3 thousand people. Internal population migration is urban in nature. Besides, the Carpathian region has become comfortable for living and for internally displaced persons as a result of the war in eastern Ukraine.

The top 5 countries receiving migration from the Carpathian region include Hungary, Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. A comparative analysis of the sex and age structure of migrants from Ukraine showed that about 50 per cent of migrants were aged 20-35 and about two thirds of emigrants were men.

Active migratory mobility is typical of the rural areas of the Carpathian region. Overall, the Ukrainian village has lost more than 10 million people over the past 50 years as a result of migration processes. The proportion of rural dwellers in the total number of migrant workers in the Carpathian region is higher than that of urban dwellers, of whom 60-70 per cent are women.

Migration has led to an imbalance in the functioning of the employment system and the national labour market in Ukraine in general and in the region under study in particular. The average unemployment rate in the study region in 2019 is 8.8 per cent of the economically active population. As of 2020, the number of employed persons in Ukraine is 15,915,300. The total number of employed persons in Ukraine is 1,925,000.

Men predominate in the structure of the employed population, but more than 60 per cent of the unemployed are men. The largest difference between the employment rates of women and men is recorded in Zakarpattia and Ivano-Frankivsk oblasts (more than 15 per cent).

Despite a steady increase in wages by region of the country, the real wage index has been steadily declining. Moreover, in 2021, no region of Ukraine exceeded the State-wide level of the real wage index by more than 1 per cent.

Scientific novelty and practical significance. Prospects for further research include the establishment of effective mechanisms for population policy at the national level to combat the rural exodus, which is not aimed at increasing the birth rate, It is not enough to increase the attractiveness of rural areas to the habitation and productive economic activities of rural dwellers, especially young people.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Nadiia Melnik, Uzhhorod National University

PhD (Geography), Associate Professor

Andriy Melnyk, Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas

PhD (Geography), Associate Professor

Vilina Peresadko, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University

DSc (Geography), Professor

Volodymyr Velykochyy, Vasily Stefanik Precarpathian National University

DSc (History), Professor

References

Babiak, H.P. (2014). Demohrafichni chynnyky ta yikh vplyv na vidtvorennia trudovoho potentsialu Ukrainy [De-mographic factors and their impact on the reproduction of labor potential of Ukraine]. Social and Labor Rela-tions: Theory and Practice, 1, 362-366 [in Ukrainian].

Bachynska, M.V., Baraniak, I.Ie. (2019). Suchasni tendentsii mihratsiinoi aktyvnosti naselennia Karpatskoho re-hionu [Current trends in migration activity of the population of the Carpathian region]. Economy and State, 12, 71-76 [in Ukrainian]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32702/2306-6806.2019.12.71

Henderni profili 24 oblastei Ukrainy ta m. Kyieva [Gender profiles of 24 oblasts of Ukraine and Kyiv]. Available at: https://www.minregion.gov.ua/about/politika-gendernoyi-rivnosti/tsikavo-ta-korisno-pro-gender/genderni-profili-24-oblastej-ukrayiny-ta-m-kyyeva/ [in Ukrainian]. – 10.10.2021

Derzhavna sluzhba statystyky Ukrainy. [State statistics service of Ukraine]. Available at: http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua [in Ukrainian]. – 25.09.2021

Kravtsiv, V.S. (Ed.). (2013). Carpathian region: current issues and prospects: a monograph in 8 volumes. National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Institute of Regional Studies. Vol. 4. Rural areas. In V.V. Borshchevskyi [in Ukrainian].

Kindziur, O.S., Korytska, O.I. (2017). Okremi aspekty vyvchennia gendernoho rozpodilu naselennia v Ukraini ta yoho vplyvu na ekonomiku [Some aspects of studying the gender distribution of the population in Ukraine and its impact on the economy]. Problems of System Approach in Economy, 5, 178-186 [in Ukrainian].

Libanova, E.M. (Ed.). (2006). Comprehensive demographic forecast of Ukraine for the period up to 2050. Ukrain-ian Center for Social Reforms [in Ukrainian].

Leonenko, N.A. (2018). Rol trudovoho potentsialu u vidtvorenni ekonomichnoho potentsialu rehionu [The role of labor potential in the reproduction of the economic potential of the region]. Global and National Problems of the Economy, 23, 366-372 [in Ukrainian].

The UN is launching a comprehensive dialogue to improve migration management in Ukraine. International Or-ganization for Migration. Available at: http://iom.org.ua/ua/oon-rozpochynaye-vsestoronniy-dialog-dlya-pokrashchennya-upravlinnya-migraciyeyu-v-ukrayini [in Ukrainian]. – 11.10.2021

The average salary in Ukraine. Ministry of Finance. Available at: https://index.minfin.com.ua/ua/labour/salary/average/ [in Ukrainian]. – 22.10.2021

Steshenko, V.S. (2013). Zmist poniat «demohrafichnyi rozvytok» i «liudskyi rozvytok»: totozhnosti ta vidminnosti [The meaning of the concepts "demographic development" and "human development: identities and differences]. Demography and Social Economy, 1(19), 5-16 [in Ukrainian].

Somchenko, V.V. Konieva, A.V. (2021). Doslidzhennia suchasnoho stanu trudovykh resursiv Ukrainy [Research of the current state of labor resources of Ukraine]. Efficient Economy. Available at: http://chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/viewer.html?pdfurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economy.nayka.com.ua%2Fpdf%2F4_2021%2F109.pdf&clen=266788&chunk=true [in Ukrainian]. – 21.09.2021. https://doi.org/10.32702/2307-2105-2021.4.107

Tesliuk, R.T. (2013). Mihratsiini protsesy na silskykh terytoriiakh Karpatskoho rehionu Ukrainy [Migration pro-cesses in rural areas of the Carpathian region of Ukraine]. Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, 6, 405-411 [in Ukrainian].

Ukraine. Review of urbanization processes. (2015). International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. The World Bank. Available at: https://city2030.org.ua/ua/document/ukraina-oglad-urbanizacii [in Ukrainian]. – 17.10.2021

Shepel, T.V., Nakonechna, V.I. (2020). Sotsialno-ekonomichni naslidky mihratsii trudovykh resursiv Ukrainy ta mekhanizm yikh rehuliuvannia [Socio-economic consequences of labor migration of Ukraine and the mechanism of their regulation]. Economic Space, 154, 179-185[in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.32782/2224-6282/154-34.

Coleman, D. (2006). Europe's Demographic Future: Determinants, Dimensions and Challenges. Рopulation and Development Review. The Political Economy of Global Population Change, 1950-2050, 32, 52-95 [in English].

European Commission Report on the Impact of Demographic Change. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/demography_report_2020_n.pdf [in English] – 27.10.2021

John, F. May. (2015). Population policies in Europe Centre international de formation européenne. L'Europe en Formation, 3, 136-150 [in English].

Margaras, V. (2019). Demographic trends in EU regions. European Parliamentary Research. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/futurium/en/system/files/ged/eprs-briefing-633160-demographic-trends-eu-regions-final.pdf [in English] – 27.10.2021

Swiaczny, F. Demographic Change and Migration in Europe. Available at: https://www.bpb.de/gesellschaft/migration/kurzdossiers/176223/demographic-change-and-migration-in-europe [in English] – 15.10.2021

Transition Book "Implementation of the state policy of gender equality". European integration portal. Available at: https://eu-ua.org/genderni-profili-25-oblastey-ukrayiny [in Ukrainian]. – 17.10.2021

Yavorska, V., Chyr, N., Melnyk, A., Hevko, I., Chubrei, O., Hryhoriev A. (2021). Spatial analysis of natural reserve fund of the Zakarpatska Oblast. Journal of geology, geography and geoecology, 30(3), 597-606 [in English]. https://doi.org/10.15421/112155

Published
2021-12-01
Cited
How to Cite
Melnik, N., Melnyk, A., Peresadko, V., & Velykochyy, V. (2021). Demographic processes of the Carpathian region in the context of economic development of the territory. Visnyk of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Series "Geology. Geography. Ecology", (55), 187-203. https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2021-55-14

Most read articles by the same author(s)