Assessment of the ecological condition of the Western Bug river basin according to the macrophyte index for rivers (MIR)
Abstract
Introduction. To restore and preserve the optimal ecological status of the Western Bug river basin, it is necessary to adhere to the strategic principles of environmental management, and since the river is transboundary and tributary basins are located in Ukraine and Poland, it is important to determine the ecological status of small rivers. In the territory of the Volyn region, the rivers-tributaries Luha and Studyanka are most affected by anthropogenic impact. An ecological assessment of water quality based on the condition of macrophytes is given, as macrophytes llow to determine the degree of surface water degradation, first of all, in terms of their trophic status.
The purpose of article. The purpose of article aims to assess the ecological status of the rivers of the Western Bug river basin using bioindication methods and determination of the Macrophyte Index for Rivers (MIR).
Methods. Research methods are expeditionary, methods of mathematical statistics end bioindication methods and determination of the Macrophyte Index for Rivers (MIR).
Results. To determine the ecological status of the rivers of the Western Bug basin and to conduct research, three test sites with a length of at least 100 m were laid on two tributaries of the first order - the rivers Luha and Studyanka. To determine the MIR (Macrophyte Index for Rivers) in the test riverbed areas, 42 indicator species of macrophytes were selected, of which 1 species belongs to the division Polipodiophyta and Equisetophyta, 40 species to the division Magnoliophyta, of which 15 belong to the class Magnoliopsida, and 25 belong to the class Liliopsida. According to the classification of the MIR indicator, to determine the ecological status, the rivers Luha and Studyanka belong to lowland watercourses, with the type of macrophytes - M-VIII (organic rivers). As a result of the calculated Macrophyte Index for Rivers (MIR), it was established (Table 4) that the water quality in the Luha river in test site 1 (Zavydiv village) has a good ecological status, MIR is 39,0; and test site 2 (Volodymyr-Volynskyi city) has a satisfactory or moderate ecological status, MIR is 31,56; in the river Studyanka, the test site 3 (Ustyluh town) has a satisfactory or moderate ecological condition, MIR is 28,31.
Conclusions. According to the ecological status of rivers determined by the Macrophyte Index for Rivers (MIR), it is established that the waters of the Luha and Studyanka rivers have a satisfactory or moderate ecological condition. This suggests that the research conducted on test sites and calculations of the Macrophyte Index for Rivers (MIR) are identical and fully reflect the ecological status of the rivers Luha and Studyanka determined by hydrochemical parameters, which allows the use of this research algorithm for other rivers in the Western Bug river basin and is promising during research on other rivers of Ukraine.
Downloads
References
Boyaryn M. V., Netrobchuk I. M. (2016). Fundamentals of hydroecology: theory and practice. Tutorial. Lutsk: Tower – Print, 364 [in Ukrainian].
Zueva N. V., Bobrov A. A. (2018). Use of Macrophytes in Assessing the Ecological Status of Small River (by the Example of the Okhta River, St. Petersburg). Inland Water Biology. Volume 11, 34–41. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082917040137 [in Russian].
Klymenko M. O., Grokhovska Yu. R. (2005). Estimation of ecological condition of water ecosystems of rivers of the Pripyat basin by higher plants. Rivne. NYVGP, 194 [in Ukrainian].
Korobkova G. V. (2017). Use of macrophytic indices to assess the ecological status of surface waters of Ukraine. Man and the environment. Problems of Neoecology. 1–2(27), 62-70 [in Ukrainian].
Muratov, R.; Szoszkiewicz, K.; Zhamangara, A.; Jusik, S.; Gebler, D.; Beisenova, R.; Akbayeva, L. (2015). An attempt to prepare Macrophyte Index for Rivers for assessment watercourses in Kazakhstan. Meteorol. Hydrol. Water Manage. 3, 27–32 https://doi.org/10.26491/mhwm/59592 [in Polish].
Marcinkowski, P., Kiczko, A., Okruszko, T. (2018). Model-Based Analysis of Macrophytes Role in the Flow Distribution in the Anastomosing River System. Water, 10, 953. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10070953 [in English]
Arsen O. M., Romanenko V. D. (2006). Methods of hydroecological research of surface waters. К. , LOGOS, 408 [in Ukrainian].
Macrophytes are indicators of changes in the natural environment, (1993). Kyiv, Naukova Dumka, 434 [in Ukrainian].
Netrobchuk I. M. (2011). Geoecological condition of the Luha river basin. Lutsk. Science. Bulletin of the University. Lesya Ukrainka. Geographical sciences. Lutsk: Volyn. nat. un-t. them. Lesya Ukrainka. 9, 176-182 [in Ukrainian].
Nekos A. N., Boyaryn M. V. (2009). Management of water resources in the Western Bug river basin in Volyn. Lutsk. Science. Bulletin of the University. Lesya Ukrainka. Geographical sciences. Lutsk: Volyn. nat. un-t. them. Lesya Ukrainka. 8, 8–11 [in Ukrainian].
Perhach O. V., Kiptach F., Syrotiuk M. (2016). Ecological situation of the Luha river basin of Volyn region. Scientific notes of TNPU. 1, 222–229 [in Ukrainian].
Romanenko V. D., Zhukinsky V. M., Oksiyuk O. P. (1998). Methods of ecological assessment of surface water quality by appropriate categories. K., Symbol, 28 [in Ukrainian].
Savitskaya K. L. (2014). Estimation of ecological condition of small rivers on the basis of biological index of macrophytes. Bulletin of BSU. Ser. 2, 22–27 [in Ukrainian].
Fesyuk V. O., Krotach B. S. (2018). Influence of the water management complex of Volodymyr-Volynskyi on the ecological condition of the Luha River. Bulletin of Kamyanets-Podilsky National University named after Ivan Ogienko. Series “Ecology”. 3, 213–226. [in Ukrainian].
Yatsyk A. V., Hopchak I. V. (2005). Ecological assessment of the quality of the main river basins of the Volyn region. Water management of Ukraine. 5, 13–17. [in Ukrainian].
Yatsyk A. V., Pashenyuk I. A., Hopchak I. V., Basyuk T. O. (2019) Ecological assessment of the current state of water quality of the Luha River. Bulletin of Agricultural Science, 2, 61–65 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.31073/agrovisnyk201902-08
Jusik, S., Szoszkiewicz, K., Kupiec, J. (2015). Development of comprehensive river typology based on macrophytes in the mountain-lowland gradient of different Central European ecoregions. Hydrobiologia, 745, 241–262 [in English] https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-2111-2
Fesyuk V. O. (2016). Current ecological condition and prospects of ecologically safe sustainable development of Volyn region. K ., VAN Enterprise Enterprise LLC. 316 [in Ukrainian].
Regional report on the state of the environment in the Volyn region in 2018 (2019). Lutsk, 196. URL: http://eco.voladm.gov.ua [in Ukrainian].
Tsyos O. O., (2015). Ecological assessment of surface water quality of Turia river. Nature of Western Polissya and adjacent territories, 12, 69–74 [in Ukrainian].
Tsyos O. O. (2017). Ecological assessment of surface water quality of the river Tsyr by categories. Man and the environment. Problems of neoecology, 1–2 (27), 71–76 [in Ukrainian].
Tsyos O. O., Muzychenko O. S., Boyaryn M. V. (2018). Structural analysis of higher aquatic and coastal aquatic plants of the Vyzhivka river. Man and the environment. Problems of Neoecology, 30, 104–111. [In Ukrainian] https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4224-2018-30-08
Tsyos O. O. (2016). Indicator flora of the river Turia. Bulletin of V. N Karazin Kharkiv University. Series “Ecology”, 14, 71–77 [in Ukrainian].
Chorna H.A. (2001). Plants of our reservoirs, 134 [in Ukrainian].
Hanna Ciecierska, Maria Dynowska (2013) Biological methods of assessing the state of the environment. Volume 2. Water ecosystems. Methodical handbook. Olsztyn, 312 [in Polish].
AFNOR (Assosiation Francaise de Normalisation) Qualite de l’eau – Determination de l’indice biologique macropfytique en rivier (IBMR) – Norm francaise NFT (2003), 9–395 [in French]
Szoszkiewicz K., Karolewicz K., Lawniczak A., Dawson F. (2002) An Assessment of the MTR Aquatic Plant Bioindication System for Determining the Trophic Status of Polish Rivers. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 11, 4, 421–429 [in Polish].
Szoszkiewicz K., Jusik S., Pietruczuk K., Gebler D. (2020). The Macrophyte Index for Rivers (MIR) asan Advantageous Approach to Running Water. Assessment in Local Geographical Conditions. Water, 12, 108 [in English] https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010108
Szoszkiewicz, K.; Zbierska, J.; Jusik, S.; Zgola, T. (2009). Metodyka Bada´n Terenowych Makrofitów na Potrzeby Rutynowego Monitoringu Rzek [Macrophyte Survey Manual for the Purpose of River Monitoring]; Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe: Poznan, Poland, 81 [in Polish].
Szoszkiewicz, K., Zbierska, J., Staniszewski, R., Jusik, S. (2009). The variability of macrophyte metrics used in river monitoring. Oceanol. Hydrobiol. Stud., 38, 117–126.
EU Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC. Official Journal of the European Communities, 22.12.2000. L 327/1, 118.
Mariia Boiaryn, Oksana Tsos (2019). Assessment of the ecological status of the Turia River surface waters on the basis of the River Macrophyte Index (MIR). Chemistry. Envirinment. Biotechnology. 22, 7–12 [in Polish] www.ceb–journal.com, http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/cebj.2019.22.01
Marynych O. M., Parkhomenko H. O., Petrenko O. M., Shyshchenko P. H. (2003). Improved physical and geographical zoning of the Ukraine. Ukrainian geographical journal, 1, 16–20 [In Ukrainian].
