Cosmological Diagnostics of Bianchi Type-II Barrow Holographic Dark Energy Universe

  • U.Y. Divya Prasanthi Department of Statistics & Mathematics, College of Horticulture, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Parvathipuram, India https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5397-050X
  • D. Tejeswararao Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, GMR Institute of Technology (GMRIT) – Deemed to be University, Rajam, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3508-346X
  • Diddi Srinivasa Rao Department of Mathematics, Aditya University, Surampalem, India https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6890-9603
  • Y. Aditya Department of Mathematics, GMR Institute of Technology (GMRIT) – Deemed to be University, Rajam, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5468-9697
  • D. Ram Babu Department of Mathematics, GMR Institute of Technology (GMRIT) – Deemed to be University, Rajam-532127, India https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7791-5977
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2026-1-05
Keywords: Bianchi type-II model, Barrow holographic dark energy, Dark energy, Cosmology, Modified theory of gravity

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate a Bianchi type II anisotropic cosmological model in the framework of Barrow holographic dark energy, considering both the Hubble horizon and Granda–Oliveros scale as infrared cutoffs. To obtain exact solutions of the Einstein field equations, we assume a suitable relation between the metric potentials. Using Hubble cosmic chronometer data, we constrain the model parameters and obtain the best-fit values b4 = −0.091+0.013 −0.012 and H0 = 72.3±2.7 km s−1Mpc−1. The H(z) fit shows excellent agreement with observational data and overlaps with ΛCDM at low redshifts, with mild deviations at higher z. The physical behaviour of the model is examined through a detailed analysis of cosmological parameters. The deceleration parameter q(z) reveals a smooth transition from an early decelerating phase to the present accelerating epoch. The equation of state parameter ωde shows quintom-like dynamics, evolving across the cosmological constant boundary and entering the phantom regime, consistent with late-time acceleration. Stability is tested using the squared sound speed vs2 , which remains positive in the recent Universe, ensuring classical stability. The ωde–ω’de phase plane indicates that both models lie in the freezing region, corresponding to faster acceleration. The statefinder diagnostics (r,s) and (r,q) further confirm the transition from the standard cold dark matter dominated phase to a de Sitter-like attractor, with trajectories showing clear deviations from ΛCDM.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

S. Perlmutter, et al., Astrophys. J. 517, 565 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1086/307221

A. G. Riess, et al., Astron. Soc. Pac. 112, 1284 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1086/316624

M. Tegmark, et al., Phys. Rev. D, 69, 103501 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.69.103501

L. Susskind, J. Math. Phys. 36, 6377 (1994). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.531249

R. Bousso, JHEP, 07, 004 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/1999/07/004

A. Cohen, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4971 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.4971

M. Tavayef, et al., Phys. Lett. B, 781, 195 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.04.001

C. Tsallis, and L.J.L. Cirto, Eur. Phys. J. C, 73, 2487 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2487-6

A.S. Jahromi et al., Phys. Lett. B, 780, 21 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.02.052

H. Moradpour et al., Eur. Phys. J. C, 78, 829 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6309-8

Y. Aditya, and D.R.K. Reddy, Eur. Phys. J. C, 78, 619 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6074-8

Y. Aditya, and D.R.K. Reddy, Astrophys. Space Sci. 363, 207 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-018-3429-4

U.Y. Divya Prasanthi, and Y. Aditya, Results Phys. 17, 103101 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2020.103101

Y. Aditya, Bulgarian Astronomical Journal 40, 95 (2024). https://astro.bas.bg/AIJ/issues/n40/YAditya.pdf

Y. Aditya, and U.Y.D. Prasanthi, Bulgarian Astronomical Journal 38, 52 (2023). https://astro.bas.bg/AIJ/issues/n38/YAditya.pdf

Y. Aditya, et al., East Eur. J. Phys. 1, 85 (2024). https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2024-1-06

A. V. Prasanthi, et al., East Eur. J. Phys. 2, 10 (2024). https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2024-2-01

V.U.M. Rao, et al., Results in Physics, 10, 469 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2018.06.027

M.V. Santhi, et al., Int. J. Theor. Phys. 56, 362 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-016-3175-8

Y. Aditya, et al., Eur. Phys. J. C, 79, 1020 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7534-5

A. Iqbal, and A. Jawad, Physics of the Dark Universe, 26, 100349 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dark.2019.100349

G. Kaniadakis, Physica A: Stat. Mech. and its Appl. 296(3-4), 405 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4371(01)00184-4

M. Masi, Phys. Lett. A, 338, 217 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2005.01.094

E.M. Abreu, et al., EPL (Europhysics Letters), 124, 30003 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/124/30003

J. D. Barrow, S. Basilakos, and E. N. Saridakis, Phys. Lett. B, 815, 136134 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2021.136134

G. G. Luciano, and E. N. Saridakis, Eur. Phys. J. C, 82, 558 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10530-7

G. G. Luciano, Phys. Rev. D, 106, 083530 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.106.083530

A. Oliveros, et al., Eur. Phys. J. Plus. 137, 783 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-02994-z

A. Remya, et al., Int. J. Geom. Methods Mod. Phys. 19, 2250082 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219887822500827

M. Koussour, et al., Int. J. Mod. Phys. A, 37, 2250184 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X22501846

Y. Aditya, et al., Afrika Matematika, 36, 120 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13370-025-01340-7

G.A. Barber, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 14, 117 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00756918

T. Singh, Astrophys. Space Sci. 102, 67 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00651062

D.R.K. Reddy, Astrophys. Space Sci. 133, 389 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00642496

V.U.M. Rao, et al., Astrophys Space Sci. 317, 83 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-008-9859-7

R.L. Naidu, et al., Astrophys Space Sci. 358, 23 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-015-2421-5

V.U.M. Rao, and U.Y.D. Prasanthi, Can. J. Phys. 95(6), 554 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2017-0014

R.R. Caldwell, and M. Kamionkowski, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 59, 397 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-010709-151330

K. Bamba, et al., Astrophys. Space Sci. 342, 155 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-012-1181-8

S. Nojiri, et al., Phys. Rept. 692, 1 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2017.06.001

Y. Aditya, D.R.K. Reddy, Eur. Phys. J. C, 78, 619 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6074-8

V.U.M. Rao, et al., Results in Physics, 10, 469 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2018.06.027

Y. Aditya, et al., Eur. Phys. J. C, 79, 1020 (2019). vhttps://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7534-5

U.K. Sharma, et al., IJMPD, 31, 2250013 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218271822500134

U.Y.D. Prasanthi, and Y. Aditya, Results of Physics, 17, 103101 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2020.103101

U.Y.D. Prasanthi, and Y. Aditya, Physics of the dark universe, 31, 100782 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dark.2021.100782

Y. Aditya, D.R.K. Reddy, Astrophys. Space Sci, 363, 207 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-018-3429-4

Y Aditya, et al., Results in Physics, 12, 339 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2018.11.074

Y. Aditya, et al. Astrophys. Space Sci. 364, 190 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-019-3681-2

Y. Aditya, et al., Int. J. Mod. Phys. A, 37, 2250107 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X2250107X

A. Jawad, et al. Symmetry, 10, 635 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10110635

C.B. Collins, et al., Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 12, 805 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00763057

K.S. Thorne, Astrophys. J. 148, 51 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1086/149127

R. Kantowski, and R.K. Sachs, J. Math. Phys. 7, 433 (1966). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1704952

J. Kristian, and R.K. Sachs, Astrophys. J. 143, 379 (1966). http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/148522

V.B. Johri, and R. Sudharsan, Australian Journal of Physics, 42(2), 215 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1071/PH890215

V.B. Johri, and K. Desikan, Gen. Relat. Gravit. 26, 1217 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02106714

K. D. Raju, et al., Astrophys. Space Sci. 365, 28 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-020-3729-3

K. D. Raju, et al., Astrophys. Space Sci. 365, 45 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-020-03753-1

Y. Aditya, et al., Indian J. Phys. 95, 383 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-020-01722-6

K.D. Naidu, et al., Int. J. Mod. Phys. A, 36(8), 2150054 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217732321500541

R.L. Naidu, et al., New Astron. 85, 101564 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newast.2020.101564

Y. Aditya, Bulg. Astron. J. 39, 12 (2023). https://astro.bas.bg/AIJ/issues/n39/YAditya.pdf

L. N. Granda, and A. Oliveros, Phys. Lett. B, 669, 275 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2008.10.017

L. N. Granda, and A. Oliveros, Phys. Lett. B, 671, 199 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2008.12.025

J. Simon, L. Verde, and R. Jimenez, Phys. Rev. D, 71, 123001 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.71.123001

G.S. Sharov, and V.O. Vasiliev, Math. Model. Geom. 6, 1-20 (2018).

V. Sahni, et al. J. Exp. Theor. Phys. Lett. 77, 201 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1134/1.1574831

R. Caldwell, and E.V. Linder, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 141301 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.141301

S. Capozziello, et al., MNRAS, 484, 4484 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz176

G. F. Hinshaw, et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. 208, 19 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/208/2/19

N. Aghanim, et al., A&A 641, A6 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833910

Published
2026-03-14
Cited
How to Cite
Prasanthi, U. D., Tejeswararao, D., Rao, D. S., Aditya, Y., & Babu, D. R. (2026). Cosmological Diagnostics of Bianchi Type-II Barrow Holographic Dark Energy Universe. East European Journal of Physics, (1), 60-75. https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2026-1-05
Issue
No. 1 (2026): East European Journal of Physics
Section
Original Papers

Copyright (c) 2026 U.Y. Divya Prasanthi, D. Tejeswararao, Diddi Srinivasa Rao, Y. Aditya, D. Ram Babu

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

    • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
    • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
    • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).