Effectiveness of Using Gases for Water Purification with the Same Microbial Load
Abstract
Purpose of the study is to іnvestigate the effect of gases on the process of water purification from aerobic microorganisms (MO) with the same initial content in the aquatic medium and to identify the nature of the gas in the atmosphere in which the highest degree of destroyed microbial cells per unit volume of water is achieved.
Methods. Aerobic bacteria of the Bacillus cereus bacteria type with the initial content of 7 · 104 CFU/cm3 were used for research. The investigated water was model water created on the basis of distilled deaerated waterwith the introduction of bacteria of a specific species. Oxygen, carbon dioxide, as well as inert - argon and helium were used as a studied gases. Process conditions were: duration - 2 hours, gas bubbling rate - 0.2 cm3/c, T = 288 ± 1 K. Has been used a quantitative method of counting the initial and final number of microorganisms (NM) by sowing samples of test water on nutrient medium in Petri dishes before and after experiments.
Results. The different efficiency for the water purification process depending on the gas nature is shown. The NM value change of the time of bubbling gases is presented. The degree of destruction of the studied microorganisms was calculated depending on the mode of water treatment and the process duration. The oxygen influence on the process of MO destruction consists of two stages - a slight accumulation of cells (I stage) and their subsequent destruction in the II stage. The percentage of cell accumulation during 3600s during oxygen bubbling into the aqueous medium was 9.43%, which is due to the consumption of bubbling oxygen by bacteria. This led to the lowest process efficiency for the oxygen action in the end of the result (Dd is 34.73% only). The greatest efficiency of MO destruction was found during carbon dioxide bubbling (Dd = 91.0%), which is obviously due to the increase in the acidity of the test medium (pHinitial = 6.1 and pHend = 4.3). The influence of helium on water purification at different microbial load has been studied. It has been shown that the efficiency of cell destruction increases with a decrease of its number per unit volume of water.
Conclusions. The influence of the different gases nature on the destruction process of aerobic MO in water with the same and different microbial load is shown. It is established that the process of water purification from MO depends on the nature of the bubbled gas. The gas, the supply of which allowed to achieve the largest number of destroyed cells after 7200 s, was experimentally determined. The highest efficiency of water disinfection is achieved during the action of carbon dioxide. A relative series of effective action of the investigated gases on microbial water purification is established.
Downloads
References
Kurmakova, I., Demchenko, N., Bondar, O. & Vorobyova, V. (2018). Microbiological Composition of the Biofilm on the Metal Surface of Sewage Constructions. Chemistry & Chemical Technology, 12(4), 519–522. https://doi.org/10.23939/chcht12.04.519
Ivanchenko, L. V., Kozhukhar, V. YA. & Brem, V. V. (2017). Chemistry and technology of water. Odes-sa: Ecology. (In Ukrainian)
Posthuma, L., Zijp, M. C., Zwart, D. D. …Birk , S. (2020). Chemical pollution imposes limitations to the ecological status of European surface waters. Scientific Reports, 10, 148-156. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71537-2
Haseena, M., Malik, M.F., Javed, A., Arshad, S., Asif, N., Zulfiqar, Sh. & Hanif, J. (2017). Water pollu-tion and human health. Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, 1(3), 16-19. https://doi.org/10.4066/2529-8046.100020
Chaudhry, F. N. & Malik, M. F. (2017). Factors Affecting Water Pollution: A Review. J. Ecosyst Ecogra-phy, 7(1), 225-230. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000225
Kravchenko, M. V. (2015). Physico-chemical analysis of natural drinking water from different sources of water supply. Ecological safety and nature management, 19(3), 52–60. (In Ukrainian)
Dirisu, G. B., Okonkwo, U. C., Okokpujie, I. P. & Fayomi, S. I. (2019). Comparative analysis of the effec-tiveness of reverse osmosis and ultraviolet radiation of water treatment. Journal of Ecological Engi-neering, 20(1), 61-75. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/93978
Oguma, K., Rattanakul, S. & Masaike, M. (2019). Inactivation of health-related microorganisms in water using UV light-emitting diodes. Water Supply., 19(5), 1507–1514. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.022
Nguyen, T. M., Suwan, P., Koottatep, Th. & Becka, S. E. (2019). Application of a novel, continuous-feeding ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV-LED) system to disinfect domestic wastewater for dis-charge or agricultural reuse. Water Res., 153, 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.01.006
Wei, C., Zhang, F., Hu, Y., Feng, C. & Wu, H. (2017). Ozonation in water treatment: The generation, basic properties of ozone and its practical application. Reviews in Chemical Engineering, 33(1), 302-315. https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2016-0008
Potapchenko, N. G., Levadnaya, T. I., Soboleva, N. M. et al. (2007). Kinetics of death of E. coli under the influence of ozone. Chemistry and technology of water, 29(6), 582-594. (In Russia)
Manasfi, T. (2021). Ozonation in drinking water treatment: an overview of general and practical as-pects, mechanisms, kinetics, and byproduct formation. Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry. 92, 85-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.coac.2021.02.003
Pawełek, J. & Bergel, T. (2019). Ozone water treatment in small water purification plants in Poland – Mszana Dolna case study. E3S Web of Conference, 86, 29-32. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198600029
Santos, L. M., Silva, E. S., Oliveira, F. O., Rodrigues, L. A., Neves, P. R., Meira, C. S., Moreira, G. A., Lobato, G. M., Nascimento, C., Gerhardt, M. … Machado, B.A.S. (2021). Ozonized Water in Microbial Control: Analysis of the Stability, In Vitro Biocidal Potential, and Cytotoxicity. Biology, 10(6), 525-545. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10060525
Raed A. A.-J., Vasantha A., Talal Y. (2015). Impact of pulsed ultrasound on bacteria reduction of natu-ral waters. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 27, 137–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.05.007
Luhovskyi, O. F., Gryshko, I. A. & Bernyk, I. M. (2018). Enhancing the Efficiency of Ultrasonic Wastewater Disinfection Technology. Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology, 40, 95-101. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1063455X18020078
Li, Y., Shi, X., Zhang, Zh. & Peng, Y. (2019). Enhanced coagulation by high-frequency ultrasound in Microcystis aeruginosa-laden water: Strategies and mechanisms. Ultrasonics Sonochem., 55, 232-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.01.022
Dai, Ch., Xiong, F., He, R. & Zhang, W. (2017). Effects of low-intensity ultrasound on the growth, cell membrane permeability and ethanol tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ultrasonics Sonochem., 36, 191-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.11.035
Iorio, M. C., Bevilacqua, A. & Corbo, M. R. (2019). A case study on the use of ultrasound for the inhi-bition of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in almond milk. Ultrasonics Sono-chem., 52, 477-483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.12.026
Kong, Y., Peng, Y. & Zhang, Zh. (2019). Removal of Microcystis aeruginosa by ultrasound: Inactiva-tion mechanism and release of algal organic matter. Ultrasonics Sonochem., 56, 447-457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.04.017
Myahchenko, O. P. (2010). Fundamentals of ecology. Kyiv: Center for Educational Literature. (In Ukrainian)
Коval, I. (2020). Influence of Aerobic Bacteria Concentration on the Process of its Survival in the Pres-ence of Oxygen. Visnyk of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University Series «Еcоlogy», (23), 118-123. https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2020-23-10 (In Ukrainian)
Ruigrok, M.J.R., Tomar, J. & Frijlink, H.W. (2019). The effects of oxygen concentration on cell death, anti-oxidant transcription, acute inflammation, and cell proliferation in precision-cut lung slices. Sci. Rep., 9, 16239-16248. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-52813-2
Baez, A. & Shiloach, J. (2014). Effect of elevated oxygen concentration on bacteria, yeasts, and cells propagated for production of biological compounds. Microb. Cell Fact., 13, 181-193. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-014-0181-5
Коval, I. (2020). Influence of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide on Water Purification from Bacteria and Yeast Under Cavitation Conditions. Visnyk of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University Series «Еcоlogy», (22), 75-81. https://doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2020-22-07 (In Ukrainian)
Коval, I. (2020). Рredominant microflora of natural and wastewaters of lviv region. Chemistry, Tech-nology and Application of Substances, 3(2), 121-126. https://doi.org/10.23939/ctas2020.02.121 (In Ukrainian)
Koval, I. & Starchevskyy, V. (2020). Gas nature effect on the destruction of various microorganisms under cavitation action. Chemistry & Chemical Technology, 14(2), 264-270. https://doi.org/10.23939/chcht14.02.264
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication of this work under the terms of a license Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
